도시와 농촌 어촌의 수유실태에 관한 조사

김선영,박기옥,박수향,양명선 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1987 家政大論集 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 도시와 농어촌간의 수유실태를 비교 분석하는데 있다. 1986년 7월부터 11월까지 도시(대구), 농촌(암곡), 어촌(구룡포)의 영유아 모성 80명을 대상으로 설문조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 대상아는 0∼30개월의 영유아로 남아가 51.3%, 여아가 48.8%였다. (2) 모성의 연령분포는 26∼30세가 도시 농어촌 평균 62.0%로 많았고, 초산연령은 21∼26세 사이가 많은 분포였다. (3) 교육수준 및 월수입은 도시가 월등히 높았으며 교육수준과 월수입이 높음에 따라 인공영양수유와 상관이 있었다. (4) 정상분만은 농어촌이 높은 비율이었고, 분만장소는 도시에서 병원분만이 농어촌에 비해 높았다. (5) 수유형태는 농어촌이 도시에 비해 모유수유의 비율이 높았다. (6) 수유형태의 권장도는 도시와 농어촌 모두 모유의 권장도가 높았으나 도시 모성의 모유권장도 76.0%에 비해 실천은 36.0%로서 도시모성의 모유수유의 실천이 뒤떨어졌다. The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze the actual conditions between urban areasand farming, fishing villages. We asked eighty mothers who were growing their babies and Infantliving in a city(Daegue), farming area(Am-gok) and fishing villages(Goo-ryong-po) and got the resu-lts as follows; 1. An object was babies and infants who were within 30 months old(O~3O months) and 51.3% of them was males and 48.8% of them was females. 2. There was much distribution of mothers who belonged between 26 and 30 years old and it occu-pied 62.O% in averaging city, farming and fishing villages. Their first childbirth was mainly from 21years old to 26 years old. 3. In the point of the level of education and monthly income, the rural area was much higher thanthose of farming and fishing areas and therefore the fact was related with the artificial nutrition fee-ding(cow-milk feeding). 4, The normal childbirth in faming and fishing arears was highter than that of urban area andthe mothers living in urban areas used much more hospitals as their childbirth places than thoseliving in farming and fishing areas. 5. In the milk feeding from, the proportion of mother's milk was higher in farming and fishingareas comparing with that of urban areas. 6. The recommendation form of milk feeding was higher than any others both in rural area andfarming, fishing areas but mothers living in cities practiced only 36.0% while .recommending 76.0%in mothers milk and therefore the actual performance of mother's milk feeding, living in urban areaswas lower than in farming and fishing areas.

신생아 이송에서의 저체온증

김향숙,정윤석,조준필,박문성,배기수 대한응급의학회 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Back Ground : Hypothermia is a condition that can lead to serious complications and even to death in newborn. Although the temperature control is essential in neonatal care, it is often neglected during urgent transfer from local private hospitals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of transfer induced neonatal hypothermia. Subjects and Method : In this retrospective study, subject is limited to transferred outborn babies with age less than 27 hours from June 1996 to May 1999. A total of 3,086 patients were admitted in NICU during the study period and inborn and outborn babies were 1,743(56%) and 1,343(44%) respectively. Among the 1,343 outborn babies, 212 babies were transferred from the private hospital within 24 hours of birth and were eligible for the study. Rectal temperature on arrival, transfer time, birth weight, gestational age, initial arterial gas study, and clinical outcome were compared. Statistical analysis has been done with chi-sqaure test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : There were 84 cases(39.6%) hypothermia(<36℃) among the 212 babies and the rate of hypothermia in transfered babies have not decreased over the study period. There were significantly more hypothermia in lower gestational age (less than 28 weeks) and lower birth weight (less than 2,000gm) caused hypothermia significantly more than normal gestational age or normal range of birth weight. And time interval (less than 12 hour) from birth to arrival at emergency department was also significant factor in hypothermia. The mortality rate was three fold higher in hypothermia than normothermic or hyperthermic babies. Conclusion: This study shows that hypothermia during neonate transportation is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in prehopital care. Body temperature control during transport of neonates under 24 hours of age should be emphasized for the better outcome of treatment.

두부 손상이 골절 칭 촉진 시동물 모델 및 유전자 발현 분석

김경희,김학선,문성환,김향,권언해,이환모,박희완,한수봉,문은수 대한정형외과연구학회 2003 대한정형외과연구학회지 Vol.6 No.2

소아에서 출혈을 동반한 단일 연소성 용종의 내시경적 절제술

김준기,조상욱,신성하,고영춘,최정영,서강석,강명원,임연근,여향순,김경수 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.3

Retinol Palmitate가 연골발생에 미치는 영향에 관한 형태학적 연구

이향주,김수일,이영호,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Vitamin A, an isoprenoid which has cyclohexynyl ring chemically, is known to promote the growth and differentiation during development and regeneration, to maintain the state of health and to improve the vision, and is known to be essential in mucous secretion, reproduction and maintenance of epithelium. Recently, the anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects of vitamin A and the teratogenic effects were reported, however the mechanism of action of vitamin A was not confirmed thoroughly. In this experiment, the morphological changes after administration of retinol palmitate during the development of hindlimb and differentiation of chondrocytes were observed in the rat fetuses. SpragueDawley rats were used as an experimental animal. The rats were divided into 2 groups : control and vitamin A(retinol palmitate) treated group. In retinol palmitate treated group, 500mg/kg of retinol palmitate(Sigma Chemicals Co.) dissolved in corn oil(Sigma Chemicals Co.) was administered orally with gastric tube once at the day 8.5 of gestation. In the control group, corn oil of equal volume as in retinol palmitate treated group was administered. On the gestation day 12.5, 13.5, 14.5, 15.5 and 16.5, the rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, laparotomized and hysterectomized. Under stereoscope the pregnant sacs and the fetuses were observed, and the body weight of each fetus was measured. For the observation of external development of hindlimb, the embryos were stained with Nile blue sulfate, and compared the differences between 2 groups. The histological changes were observed light microscopically after routine processing, and H-E & alcian blue staining, and the ultrastructural changes of chondrocytes observed electron microscopically. The results were as follows ; 1. The survival rate of fetuses was lowered in the retinol palmitate treated group significantly except the day 12.5 of gestation. 2. In the retinol palmitate treated group, the development of hindlimb bud and aggregations of precarti lagenous mesenchymal cell were decreased significantly on the day 12.5 and 13.5 of gestation. 3. Cartilage matrix formation was found initially on the day 13.5 of gestation in control group and on the day 14.5 of gestation in retinol palmitate treated group. 4. Electron microscopic changes of chondrocytes after retinol palmitate administration were as the followings : mitochondrial and IR swelling, decreased filopodia, reduced intercellular space and cartilage matrix, abnormal aggregation of glycogen particles and increased intercellular junctions. According to the above results, it is considered that retinol palmitate has an inhibitory effect on the hindlimb developmnet by reducing the aggregations of precartilagenous mesenchymal cell and chondrocytic structural and metabolic changes.

호박씨 기름으로부터 Sterol 성분들의 분석에 관한 연구

장향동,김천수,백광균,류성렬 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

It is found plant oils except Beta-sitosterol have almost the same Carbon contents, approximately 77.50%, comparing carbon contents of various oils by elemental analyzers, which means it is not possible to classify mixed oils using only elemental analysis. In addition, sulphur is not detected. It is proved that various sterol compositions exist in pumpkin seed oil in result of High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC), also showing same sterol contents between Italian and Chinese pumpkin seed oils. However, it is not detectable whether other kinds of adulteration oils are mixed in pumpkin seed oil. Recently, pumpkin seed oil extract is also applied in therapy of disorders of the prostate gland and the urinary bladder. The therapeutic use and safety of a pumpkin seed oil extract were investigated in a clinical study with 2245 patients suffering from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Evaluation of a the study was accomplished according to the International-Prostate-Symptom-Score(I-PSS), which decreased by 41.4%, while live quality improved by 46.1% during the treatment.

최근 10년간 원광의대병원에서 시행한 소아 심장혈관 수술의 임상적 고찰

윤향석,정수미,최두영,오광수,오연균,김종덕,양현웅,이삼윤,김형곤,최종범,최순호,노병석 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2

We reviewed 10 years experiences of the clinical aspects and early postoperative results in 544 pediatric patients(age less than 16 years old). Among them. 529 cases had the congenital heart diseases, and 15 had the acquired diseases. Open heart surgery was performed in 413 patients. 115 cases were treated with non-open heart surgery. 16 with interventional catheterization. Annual increase of the cardiac patients was not significant in recent 10 years, except slight increase in 1994. The mean age of the study patients had been evidently changed to younger year by year. Total mortality rate of the open heart surgery was 6.4%. The cyanotic congenital heart diseases were high in early postoperative mortality by 25.7%, whereas 4% in acyanotic group. The age group less than one month was most highest in surgical mortality(66.7%). There were no deaths in patients with patent ductus arteriosus(103 cases), atrial septal defect(83 cases) or pulmonary stenosis(17 cases). Among 220 patients with ventricular septal defects(VSD). 10(4.5%) were died early postoperatively. In cyanotic group, the patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defects(PAVSD), transposition of the great arteries(TGA), interrupted aortic arch(IAA), complex cardiac anomalies with isomerism seemed to be most susceptible to an early death.

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 Calbindin D-28k과 c-fos의 변화에 관한 연구

김명,김기훈,김주영,하현철,안명수,김장민,조향훈,정명섭,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Changes of Calbindin D-28k- and c-fos-immunoreactivities in the superior collicuclus after Eye Enucleation. Objective and methods: Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) play an important role in the protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system. The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindin D-28k were examined immunohistochemically in the superficial layer of the rat superior colliculus. Also early gene familly c-fos was examined to evaluate the neuronal characteristics in the superior colliculus after monocular enucleation. Results: On the experimental side of superior colliculus, the number of calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. Appearance of c-fos-like immunoreactivity was represented much more in the ipsilateral superior colliculus than contralateral side within 24h after eye enucleation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of calbindin D-28k and c-fos expression.

여성자립을 위한 현장연구 Ⅰ : Centering around Urban Underprivileged Women in Seoul 도시 저소득층 여성을 중심으로

정세화,김경애,허향,이수자 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1987 여성학논집 Vol.4 No.-

This study aims at making underprivileged women raise their problems and mobilizing them to solve their problems for themselves through an action research method For this goal, researchers encouraged and stimulated the target women to develop their potentiality, so as to achieve their self-reliance for the past three and a half years (October, 1983~ March, 1987) given as a study period. The ultimate goal for this study is to find the way, especially for the self-help of urban poor women in Seoul. ChapterⅡ describes the content of activities implemented for the research. The activities can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, we, the researchers, selected Y-dong located nearby Ewha Womans University as our target community among slum areas in Seoul, and surveyed the present situation of the residents of the area. Next, we made efforts to form a rapport with the community women through health care service by a medical team consisted of medical doctors and students of Ewha. The second stage was that of bringing up forward their problems and raising their consciousness through discussing themselves in workshops conducted by Korean Women's Institute. In these workshops, they agreed to what they urgently needed were a day-care center, a study room, medical service, and the chance to participate in income-generating activities for their living costs. During the period of the third stage, small groups of women in Y-dong for day-care center and health care were organized. Group members for day-care center composed of mothers of children aged under 6 opened a day-care center in the area with a partial financial help from Korean Women's Institute. And those for health care organized medical service for residents in Y-dong, in which doctors of Ewha University Hospital and medical students of the University participated in this stage, the researchers investigated women's life history and their present conditions on income-generating activities to week a way to increase their income. During the survey, we found they had been sacrificed for their family through their whole life. In their childhood, all of them had to give up their schooling for yielding priority to their brothers. Moreover, they had to be engaged in any sort of work to earn money for their family subsistence and educational costs for their brothers. After getting married, they faced the same situation and they passed through various kinds of jobs, among them homeworking to increase family income was the most popular. (The situation of women's homeworking will be further investigated in detail sometime in the near future, to seek suitable measures to make efforts to change subcontract structure for improving their economic condition.) In the fourth stage, we devoted to the consciousness-raising education emphasizing them a collective entity to mobilize more women to join the small-group-activity. In the Chapter Ⅲ, we discussed the findings derived from evaluation sessions on our activities during the past years, and mapped out some proposals for women's self-help. First, activities for day-care center encouraged women in Y-dong to mobilize because it was urgently needed for them. In the process of running the center by themselves, they became to get confidence in themselves. By doing this, the women's group had become stronger day by day on the basis of a collective entity consciousness. Secondly, the small group members for health care had strengthened their solidarity through discussing their health problems and organizing health care service. Thirdly, educational programs for them were essential for their consciousness-raising, even though they could not have spare time for them because they were totally involved in their homeworking for increasing family income and their various housework. As a method of education, we concluded that for the half-illiterated women, education through such programs as games, role play, group dynamics and discussion were better than cramming lectures. Fourthly, we could find that their main interest as urban underprivileged women was on overcoming their poverty and bad educational environment for their children, not sexism facing them, on which they seemed to be regarded as natural. Whenever we tried to pose patriarchal issues in their daily life, they expressed the lack of interests in them. From this process, we became to realize that the existing alternative for the solution of women's issues such as family law amendment and socialization of reproduction was highly middle-class women oriented. In implementing our action-research project, researchers were careful to bear a polite and modest attitude and to dress very plainly. The financial support from the Institute was very restricted in order not to foster their dependency on the institute, except the support for purchasing a room/house for the day-care center or salary of the teachers. In addition, only when they raise fund voluntarily for some other facilities of the center or expenses for their activities, KWI financed the shortage of the proposed amount. It should be notified that the present study is merely a beginning of our long-term research, because the formation of rapport between researchers and the target women took relatively long time. Therefore the way improving economic condition of urban poor women was remained for the follow-up project (The continuing Programmes for Women's Training and Mobilization in Korea, April 1987 to March 1990). Women's self-reliance has many obstacles in the present situation because it is so closely interwined with the structure of the society that it is almost impossible for women to achieve self-help fundamentally without a structural change of society. This study was conducted by piecemeal approach, therefore it lacks in attacking fundamental issues inherent in the socety. And it is also a limitation of this action-research.

악교정 환자의 악교정 수술전후 발음양상에 대한 비교연구

권경환,김수남,이동근,조용민,이숙향 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was undertaken to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech. The hyposis stated herein is that functional behaviors of the dentofacial complex, such as speech production, may be adversely affected by deviations of a structural nature(especially, Class III malocclusion) . Twenty adults with Class III malocclusion(13 female and 7 male) were studied preoperative, immediate postoperative and either 6 or 12 months postoperative lateral cephalograms. They had mandibular prognathism and had undergone mandible setback operation. The position of tongue, soft palate(Uvula), hyoid bone, respiratory track width, and pharyngeal depth were assessed on lateral cephalograms with 23 cephalometric variables, ANOVA, Paired t-tests and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient tests were used to evalute the operative changes in all cephalometric parameters. A experienced speech and language pathologists performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the ninth patients and the recording tapes were analyzed by phonetic computer program(Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300BI(U.S.A.)) These judges also recorded their ratings of each patient's overall consonants, hypernasality, hyponasality, and articulation proficiency. The results obtained are as follows ; 1.There were significant changes in distance of posterior pharyngeal wall to tongue (TI-TW2, TS-TW3) after the surgery at 6 months postoperatively(each p<0.01 p<0.05) 2.The posterior tongue point(TI, TS, PPT) moved posteriorly after surgery and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05) . The displacement of tongue was correlated with the movement of mandibular setback amount(p<0.05). The hyoid bone moved posteriorly superiorly after immediate postoperative period. There was significant changes in hyoid bone movement after immediated post-operative period(p<0.05), but returned to its original position during the follow-up period(p>0.05) 3.The soft palate was displaced posteriorly superiorly after immediated operative period and remained to its changed position at 6 months postoperatively(p<0.05) ANS-PNS-SPT angle increasing, PPU-PPPo distance narrowing was showed after surgery, and remained its appearance 6 months postoperactively (p<0.05) 4.There were significant changes in formant value and squre diagram of vowel sound after the orthognathic surgery and the follow-up period. There were significant changes in /ㅅ/sound and posterior tongue sound. 5.The posterior movement of tongue and the posteriosuperior movement of soft palate was correlated with mandibular setback amount after orthognathic surgery. On the vowel squre diagram, the author found that the place of articulation after operation moved downward, backward, upward. 6.In assessing speech abnormalities, dental occlusion should be considered as a contributing factor. The vast majority of subjects with preoperactive misarticulations eliminated or reduced their errors following orthognathic surgery. There was significant difference in speech impovement between pre- and post-operation.