Korean Dictionaries and Some Model Dictionaries of the World : Critical Essays toward the Plan for a New Korean Dictionary

Lee, Sang Sup,Nam, Ki Shim,Ahn, Sam Huan,Choi, Young Ai,Hong, Chai Song 연세대학교 언어정보개발원 1988 사전편찬학 연구 Vol.1 No.1

After briefly reviewing the history of lexcoigraphy in modem Korea, Nam Kishim tackles many problems created by the general deficiency of current Korean monolingual dictionaries in phonological morphological and semantic points. For example, most Korean dictionaries do not treat such phonological changes as the shortening of the stem vowel ㅓ in 더운, the prenominal form of the adjective 덥다, whose stem vowel ㅓ is pronounced long. He also takes issue with the practice of Korean dictionaries of including all kinds of proper names on little reliable principles : a typical dictionary enters a 600m-high hill while excluding better-known mountains higher than that. Hong Chai-song concentrates on the often misguiding information on transitive / intransitive verbs in current dictionaries. For example, a representative dictionary designates the verb 뛰다 simply as intransitive. But it is quite often used as an transitive also. In the sentence, 철수는 운동장을 뛰었다, 운동장 is the object of the transitive verb 뛰다. How could the compilers miss such an obvious fact? Hong suggests that they may have not been interested in being grammatically informative. A historical survey of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is given by Lee Sang-sup, with special emphasis on the vast amount of quotations from real sources contributed by thousands of volunteer readers through several decades and on its unwavering historical principle. A comparison between the OED's definition of Kimchi and a Korean dictionary's 김치 is given, showing the difference of principle in treating the same lexical item. Ahn Sam-huan presents a detailed account of Grimm's Deutsches Wo¨rterbuch which took generations of German lexicographers 133 years from its inception to its completion in 1971. On the basis of his study, Ahn suggests that future dictionary makers should cooperate as a group on a long-range comprehensive project. A moltivolume dictionary is an all-important cultural event for the whole nation, not to be influenced by private commercial interests. Choi Young-ai's survey of Chinese lexicography highlights the now on-going publication of 漢語字典 and 漢語詞典, admirable results of the cooperative effort of hundreds of Chinese scholars, a modus operandi for the Yonsei University graze to adopt in planning a new dictionary of the Korean language.

지역 사회 감염성 폐렴에서 Cefodizime의 효능 및 안전성을 Ceftriaxone과 비교한 연구

심영수,오명돈,한성구,최강원,정희순,김영환,유철규,최형석 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.3

목적: Cefodizime은 새로운 주사용 제 3세대 항생제이다. 저자들은 감염성 폐렴 환자들에서 이 약물을 하루 1번 정맥주사하였을 때 관찰되는 임상적및 세균학적 효과와 안전성을 ceftriazone과 비교하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1992년 6월부터 1993년 11월까지 서울대학교 병원에 지역사회 감염성 폐렴으로 입원하였던 환자 32명을 무작위로 3군으로 나누고 제 1군 : Cefodizime 1g(n=11), 제2군 : Cefodizime 2g(n=10), 제3군 : Ceftrizxone 1g(n=11)을 각각 하루 1회 정맥주사로 투여하여 그 치료율및 안전성을 비교하였다. 결과: 1)Cefodizime은 제1군 100%, 제2군 80.0%의 임상적 반응율을 보였다. Ceftriaxone을 투여하였던 제 3군에서는 81.8%의 임상적 반응율을 보였다. 이러한 임상적 반응율의 결과는 세 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2)세균학적 반응율도 세 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3)Cefodizime의 안전성의 평가에서 제1군 및 제2군에서 구토 및 오심이 2예(9.5%)에서 관찰되었고 일시적인 간효소치의 상승이 1예(4.8%)에서 관찰되었다. 경미한 공복시 위통이 1예(4.8%)에서 관찰되었다. Ceftriaxone으로 치료한 군에서는 특별한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 지역사회 감염성 폐렴의 치료에 있어서 cefodizime 1내지 2g을 정맥 주사로 하루 1회 치료할 경우 적어도 ceftriaxone과 유사하게 효과적이며 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background:Cefodizime(Modivid) is a new parenteral form of cephalosporin showing the antibacterial specturm of the third generation. The clinical efficacy and safety of cefodizime have been well proven by some previous clinical studies performed in European countries and Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological and antimicrobial efficacy of this drug in patients with community-acquired pneumonia compared to that of ceftriaxone. Methods: We performed an open, controlled, randomized study in 32 patients with community-acquired pneumonia at Seoul national University hospital from June 1992 to November 1993. In the first group(n=11) 1g of cefodizime, and in the second group(n=10) 2g of cefodizime were respectively administered intravenously once a day. and in the third group(n=11), 1g of ceftriaxone was administered intravenously. Results: The results were as follows. 1) Cefodizime showed the clinical response rate of 100% in group I, and 80.0% in group Ⅱ. The clinical response rate of ceftriaxone in group Ⅲ was 81.8%. There was no significant statistical difference(p>0.05). 2) The rates of bacteriological efficacy wee not statistically different among three groups. 3) In the cefodizime treatment group(group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ) nausea and vomiting were observed in 2 cases(9.5%) and transient elevations of hepatic transaminases in 1 case(4.8%). Mild abdominal pain occurred in 1 case(4.8%). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the ceftriaxone treatment group. Conclusion: We could conclude that once a day intravenous cefodizime therapy was as effective and well tolerated as ceftriaxone in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

만성 정신분열병 환자에서 지연성 운동장애와 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 연관성

심주철,반철식,성기수,이정구,정도운,정청,윤진상,김영훈 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

연구목적: 정신과 전문병원에 입원해 있는 만성정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 첫째 지연성 운동장애의 유병율과 위험인자들을 조사하고, 둘째 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성을 조사하고자 한다. 방법: 연구대상자는 마산동서병원에 입원 중인 환자 중 DSM-IV의 정신분열별 진단기준에 부합하며, 최근 3개월 이상 동일 용량의 항정신병약물 복용한 271명(남자 174명, 여자 97명)의 환자들이었다. 지연성 운동장애에 대한 평가는 Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS)을 이용하였고, DSM-IV와 Sc-hooler와 Kane(1982)의 진단기준 양자에 부합하는 환자들만을 지연성 운동장애군으로 분류하였다, 정신 분열병 정신병리에 대한 평가는 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS)와 Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS)을 이용하였고, 인지기능에 대한 평가는 Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)을 이용하였다. 결과: 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.9%이었고, 50세 이상, 남자에서 높았다. 그러나 입원기간과 항정신병 약물의 일일 사용량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 지연성 운동장애의 호발부위는 혀, 상지, 입술과 입 주위의 순이었다. BPRS 총점 및 소항목 척도점수와 SDS 척도점수는 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. MMSE 총점 및 소항목 점수도 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. 결론: 평균입원기간이 9년 이상인 만성정신분열병 환자들에게서의 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.5%이었고, 연령이 가장 의미있는 위험인자임을 확인했다. 만성정신분열병 환자들이 주 대상인 본 연구에서는 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성은 입증하지 못했다. Objectives: The purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence rate of tardive dyskinesia and to search for its risk factors in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic subjects. We also examined the relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in the same subjects. Methods: Subjects were 271 in-patients(174 males, 97 females) at Masan Dongsuh Hospital. They met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and had been taking fixed doses of antipsychotics for at least 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Cases of tardive dyskinesia were ascertained by the criteria of Schooler and Kane (1982) and DSM-IV. The rating of psychopathology was acquired using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS) and the assessment of cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Results: The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is 50.9% and the frequency of tardive dyskinesia was high est in male above the age of fifty. But there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of tardive dyskinesia and both the length of hospitalization and the daily dose of antipsychotics. The frequency order of abnormal movement in the patients with tardive dyskinesia was as follows : tongue, upper extremities, lips and perioral area. We couldn't find any significant difference in the total and subscale scores of BPRS between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. There were no differences in MMSE scores between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. Conclusion: This study gave us that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was high in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic inpatients and that age was the most significant risk factor of tardive dyskinesia. The relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairment, however, was not revealed.

위암종과 Epstein-Barr 바이러스와의 연관성에 대한 연구

심광용,김호영,김효열,백순구,권상옥,조미연,이창훈,이종인 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-

Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been known to be linked to a spectrum of neoplastic conditions, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. This study aims to investigate the association of EBV with gastric carcinoma in Korea. Methods: Fifty-three cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were studied for evidence of EBV infection by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) on the paraffin sections and amplifying the EBV genome encoding envelop glycoprotein (gp220) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in fresh gastric cancer specimens. Results: EBER was detected in 7 (13.2%) of 53 gastric carcinomas and all cases were male. In 6 (85.7%) of 7 EBER-positive cases, the tumors were located in the upper and middle part of the stomach. EBER ISH study showed strong positivity in all the tumor cells, but negativity in surrouning lymphocytes, stromal cells and normal gastric mucosa. DNA PCR was positive in 23 (43.4%) of 53 gastric carcinomas, including all of 7 EBER-positive cases. Conclusion: We could observe some association of EBV with gastric carcinoma, and our findings about the charateristics of EBV-positive gastric cancers involving sex, site and histological type are similar to those in Japan. However, EBV-positive rate of gastric cancer is higher than in Japan and lower than in Western countries. Further studies to elucidate oncogenic mechanism of EBV in gastric cancer should be performed.

구강으로 돌출한 선천성 두개내 기형종 -1 부검례-

김영실,이교영,강창석,심상민,김선무 대한병리학회 1990 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.24 No.3

HMM에 의한 연속음성 인식 시스템의 구현

심장엽,김상범,김주성,김수훈,이영재,허강인 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1996 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.1

This paper is a study on the composition of Real-Time Continuous Speech Recognition System for Man-Machine Interface and it examines the posibility that applies to automatic system. The Continous Speech Recognition System is composed of Contivuous Distribution HMM model and algorithm of One Pass DP method. The System is composed so that it may detect start point and end point of speech data which are converted into samples by 10 KHz, 8 bit A/D whthin real time, then so that it may recognie them by one Pass DP method, display the result of recognition on PC monitor and at same time sent control data to Interface. HMM models are creadted by training for continuous speech samples which are control words, area names and digital sounds. In the result of experiment by Continuous Speech Recognition System, there are some kind of errors which are insertion, replacement and deletion of one syllable, but it examined the posibility that can by applied to Man-Machine Interface on automatic system if post-process is performed for recognition.

파절선 관찰 도중 발생한 피하기종: 증례보고

김민영,박성호,신유석,김의성 大韓齒科保存學會 2011 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.36 No.6

피하기종은 치과치료 시 나타날 수 있는 합병증의 하나로서, 발치, 근관치료, 수복치료 등과 연관되어 발생할 수 있다. 피하 로 유입된 공기는 부종과 염발음을 일으키며 일반적으로는 주변 결합조직에 의해 그 범위가 한정되나 많은 양의 압축공기가 유 입될 경우 근막공간을 통해 중격동, 흉막공간, 심지어 후복막에까지 영향을 미칠 수 있어 생명을 위협하는 합병증으로 발생할 수도 있다. 이번 증례는 파절선을 관찰하던 도중에 피하기종이 발생한 환자에 대한 증례로서 그 원인과 관리, 예방법에 관해 고찰해보고자 한다. The development of subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known complication that has been reported after dental extraction, endodontic treatment, or restorative preparation. Gaseous invasion, leading to swelling, crepitus on palpation, is commonly restricted to the connective tisssues immediately adjacent to the entry site. However, the use of compressed air- and water-cooled turbines may allow large amounts of air and water to be driven through the fascial planes into the mediastinum, pleural space, or even the retroperitoneum. This case report is about the patient who presented with subcutaneous emphysema that occurred after fracture line inspection. Possible cause, treatment, and prevention of emphysema will be discussed.

공황장애 환자의 성격요인과 방어기제의 특성에 관한 연구

심진현,백상빈,신영철,오강섭,노경선,이시형 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: 본 연구는 공황장애 환자들을 대상으로 성격요인과 방어기제 검사를 실시하였으며 우울 및 사회기능 정도를 측정하여 상관관계를 알아보았다. 방 법: 1997년 9월부터 1998년 8월까지 환자들중 공황장애로 진단된 35명을 대상으로 성격요인검사(Sixteen Personality Questionnaire 한국판) 및 방어기제검사(이화방어기제검사)를 시행하여 스텐점수(1-10)화 하였고, 우울증척도(Beck Depressive Inventory 한국판) 및 사회기능장애척도(Sheehan Disability 한국판)를 시행하였다. 결 과: 1) 개별항목 (1) 성격요인과 방어기제의 척도별 평균점수에서 정상보다 높거나(8점이상) 낮은(3점이하) 척도는 없었다. (2) 성격요인중 불안감이 높았고 자아강도, 신중성, 사변성은 낮은 점수를 보였다. (3) 방어기제중 신체화, 행동화의 점수가 높았고 유우머, 억제, 이타주의, 회피, 합리화는 낮은 점수를 보였다. (4) BDI의 평균점수는 18.25±9.97이었다. (5) SDS의 평균점수는 업무항목 4.88±3.11. 사회활동/오락활동항목 4.57±2.92였다. 2) 상관관계 (1) 성별간 비교에서 성격요인은 사변성, 죄책감을 방어기제는 허세, 부정, 수동공격, 투사를 남성 이 높게 보였다(p<0.05). (2) 연령증가는 성격요인중 낮은지능과 방어기제는 예견, 해리와 상관을 허세와 역상관을 보였다(p<0.05). (3) BDI 점수는 성격요인중 지능도, 자아강도, 도덕성, 죄책감, 통제력, 불안감등과 방어기 제중 해리, 신체화등과 유의미한 상관관계를 나타냈다(p<0.05). (4) 사회기능장애척도의 업무항목은 성격요인중 죄책감, 진보성, 불안감, 도덕성과 방어기제의 신 체화, 투사등과 유의미한 상관이 있었고, 사회/오락활동항목은 성격요인의 죄책감, 불안감과 방어기제중 허세, 투사 등과 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 3) BDI와 사회기능장애척도의 업무항목간에는 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 결 론: 공황장애 환자는 성격요인검사상 불안감이 높고 자아강도, 신중성, 사변성은 낮게 나타 났으며, 신체화 등의 신경증적 방어기제를 주로 사용하는 반면 유우머, 억제, 이타주의, 회피, 합리화의 방어기제는 적게 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 증상의 강도와 관련이 있는 우울증상은 업무활동에 영향을 미쳐 이와 관련된 중등도의 사회기능의 장애를 초래하고 있는 것으로 보인다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of personality factor and defense mechanism and relationship with depression and disability. Methods : Study subjects consisted of 35 panic disorder patients diagnosed with the criteria of DSM-Ⅳ. Data were collected through Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Ehwa Diagnostic Test of Defense Mechanism, Beck Depression Inventory and Sheehan Disability Scale. Statistics employed for the analyses were Pearson correlation and independent sample t-test. Results : In personality factors and defense mechanisms, there were no definitely abnormal range of scores. But, among personality factors, tension/anxiety factor scored high and unstableness/stableness, shyness/boldness and praxernia/atunia were in low range of score. In defense mechanism, somatization and acting-out scored high and humor, suppression, altruism, avoidance and rationalization scored low. The mean BDI score was 18.25±9.97. The mean score of SDS were 4.88±3.11 in work category and 4.57±2.92 in social/leasure category. Male patients were significantly correlated with guit-proneness and atuia in personality factor and passive-aggressiveness, projection, denial and show-off in defense mechanism, compared with female patients(p<0.05). The patients` age was correlated with low intelligence in persolity factor and dissociation and anticipation in defense mechanism. It was negatively correlated with show-off(p<0.05). The BDI score was correlated with low intelligence, superego, unstableness, self-conflict, high superego and atunia in personality factor and dissociation and somatization in defense mechanism(p<0.05). There was a significant relationship between BDI score and SDS work category(p<0.05). Conclusions: Panic disorder patients show high score of tension/anxiety factor and they frequently use neurotic defense style like somatization. The depressive symptom, which depends on symptom severity, appears to have influence on work category and to cause social disability.

주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 아동에서의 집단 프로그램의 치료 효과

심세훈,오창근,권자영,정유숙,홍성도 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : The authors attempted to introduce group program for improving interpersonal relationship and evaluate the effects of that program. Material and Methods : This program had been held twice a week for 8 weeks for children and parents training had been for times on the treatment and continued from 2001 to 2002. Twenty-five ADHD children in school age were selected as subjects from child psychiatric clinic of a general hospital in Seoul. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by comparing at pre- and post- treatment using the various rating scale. Result : According to the results of statistical analysis, paired t-test, the score of total self-concept including popularity was increased and family environment and parenting stress were improved significantly. These results suggest that this program is useful for its orginal goal. The parents evaluated also that children's total problem behaviors were decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that the designed and performed group program in this study would be effective in facilitating ADHD children's emotional and interpersonal growth, and decreasing their parents stress. Finally they would have healthy interpersonal reationship.

Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion Test를 이용한 돼지흉막폐염(Swine Pleuropneumoniae)의 진단에 관한 연구

심항섭,장경수,조용성,전무형 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.2 No.-

To establish an effective diagnostic measure for detection of the antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, that is the primary agent of swine pleuropneumoniae, the methods for micro-agglutination test(MAT) and agar-gel immunodiffusion test(AGID) were improved and standarized and the comparative studies were carried out. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows. 1. The rabbit hyperimmune sera to reference serotypes 1 to 6 were cross-tested with MAT and AGID. The range of antibody titers on MAT was 80 to 1280, showing the cross-reaction in serotypes 3, 4, 5 and 6. In AGID, the range of antigen titers was 8 to 32, and cross-reaction was observed in serotype 5. The optimal concentration of antigen MAT were 1.25㎎/㎖ 2. In AGID, the most promising antigen and the buffer for agar-gel were EDTA-treated antigen and 0.05M tris buffer(pH 7.2), respectively. 3. By the tests for 200 swine sera, it was found that the accumulative frequency of positive reaction for the 6 serotypes were 240 in MAT and 163 in AGID. 4. when compared the results of AGID with those of MAT for 200 swine sera, all sera with MAT titier under 20 were negative in AGID. Of the sera with MAT titer 40 and 80, 24.7% and 93.9% were positive in AGID, respectively. All sera with MAT titer over 160 showed positive in AGID. 5. In conclusion, the established MAT showed high sensitivity but low specificity, whereas AGID revealed low sensitivity but high specificity. The established AGID test was considered very efficient for detection of antibodies and serotyping of swine sera.