한국형 양극성 장애 약물치료 알고리듬의 적용 가능성(Ⅱ):약물의 선택

신영철,박원명,김찬형,민경준,윤보현,조현상,권준수,전덕인 대한정신약물학회 2005 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Objective : The Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology and the Korean Academy of Schizophrenia developed the Korean algorithm project for bipolar disorder to aid clinical decisions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescribing tendency of psychopharmacological agents such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics according to the Korean Medication Algorithm for Bipolar Disorder(KMAP-BP) in clinical settings. Methods : Ninety-two patients were treated according to the algorithm. Among them the selection and dose of drugs were investigated in 71 patients whose precise medication records were available. Results : Lithium(n=37) and divalproex(n=33) were used as mood stabilizers and combination treatment with both medications was done for one patient. Carbamazepine was not used. During the maintenance period, dosage of mood stabilizer was higher for mixed and psychotic mania compared with euphoric mania. Antipsychotic drug was co-administrated with a mood stabilizer from the beginning of the treatment in 62 of 71 patients and risperidone(69.4%) was the most preferred drug. Of those 62 patients who were treated with antipsychotics, 24 patients were initially taking anti-parkinsonian agents. Conclusion : This study investigated the prescribing tendency of clinicians who practiced according to the KMAP-BP. Considering the results of this study, further research is needed to revise KMAP-BP. 목 적:저자들은 한국형 양극성 장애 약물치료 알고리듬의 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 다기관 조사를 실시하였고, 알고리듬 적용 시 어떤 약물을 사용하는지, 특히 기분조절제 및 항정신병약물의 선택 경향에 대해 조사하여 향후 개정판의 기본 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 방 법:알고리듬을 따라 치료한 92명 중 양극성 장신영철 등 291 애의 아형, 약물의 사용 경향, 용량 등이 정확히 기재된 경우는 71명이었고 이들을 대상으로 약물의 사용 경향을 조사하였다. 결과:기분조절제는 lithium(37명)과 divalproex (3명)를 사용하였고 carbamazepine을 사용한 경우는 없었다. 기분조절제의 평균 용량은 유쾌성 조증에 비해 혼재성, 정신병적 조증의 경우가 더 높았으나 세 군간에 통계적 차이는 없었다. 대상환자 71명 중 62명에서 처음부터 기분조절제와 함께 항정신병약물을 사용하고 있었는데 risperid one(69.4%)을 사 용하는 경우가 가장 많았다. 또한 risperidone을 사용하는 경우 항파킨슨약물을 사용하는 비율이 가장 높았다(48.8%). 결 론:저자들은 양극성 장애 환자의 알고리듬에 따른 치료 시 약물의 사용 경향에 대해 조사하였고 이 결과가 추후 알고리듬 개정 시 참고 자료가 될 수 있고자 하였다.

Alterations of Zonulae Occludentes in some Different Conditions of Bile Canaliculi

신영철,Shin, Young-Chul Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1997 Applied microscopy Vol.27 No.3

본 연구에서는 dehydrocholic acid와 biligrafin 투여 20분 후, 기아 8일 후 및 담관결찰 48시간 후의 흰쥐 간을 동결할단하여 담세관 주위 폐쇠띠의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 정상대조군에서 폐쇠띠는 여러부위에서 $1\sim4$개의 줄로 이루어진 망상구조를 보였다. dehydrocholic acid 투여군에서는 폐쇠띠의 폭이 넓어져서 망상구조의 줄은 $6\sim9$개로 증가된 부위가 많이 나타났다. 그러나 biligrafin 투여군에서는 줄이 감축되어 있었으며 망상구조는 흩으러져 있었다. 기아군에서는 많은 부위에서 폐쇠띠가 $2\sim3$개의 줄로 이루어져 있었으며 이들 줄은 느슨하게 연결되어 있었다. 결찰군에서도 많은 부위에서 폐쇠띠의 망상구조는 흩으러져 있었으며 줄들이 감축되어 있거나 아직 감축되지 않은 상태로 있는 부위도 관찰되었다. 그러나 모든군에서 줄들은 틈을 보이면서 단절되어 나타나거나 선상으로 배열된 입자로 이루어져 있었는데 특히 biligrafin군과 결찰군에서 이러한 소견이 현저하였다. 줄의 끝이 유리되어 있는 것들은 기아군에서 많이 관찰되었는데 dehydrocholic acid군에서는 줄의 끝이 교통반에 접해 있거나 그 주위를 둘러싸고 있는 것들을 많이 볼 수 있었다. 줄들이 불연속적으로 나타나거나 끝이 유리된 것은 정상군에서도 드물지 않게 관찰되었다. 결찰군을 제외한 모든 군에서 담세관 주위 폐쇠띠가 그망안에 입자의 집괴를 함유하고 있었다. 이상의 증거로 미루어 담세관 주위의 폐쇠띠는 담세판의 상태에 따라 쉽게 변하는 것 같이 보이며 같은 담세관에서 일지라도 부위에 따라 구조적 변화에 차이가 있는데 이러한 소견은 정상상태하에서도 비슷하게 나타나고 있어 폐쇠띠가 완전한 장벽으로서의 역할을 하고 있지 않는 경우도 있는 것 같이 보인다. 또한 폐쇠띠는 기계적 자극이나 다른 어떠한 인자에 의해서 쉽게 영향을 받는 것 같이 보이며 폐쇠띠의 변화에 연관하여 줄과 입자의 집괴 사이에도 어떠한 관계가 있을 것으로 추정된다. Liver tissues were taken from rats 20 min after administration of dehydrocholic acid and biligrafin, fasted for 8 days, and bile duct ligation for 48 hr. And the zonulae occludentes around the bile canaliculi were investigated by the freeze fracture method. In the normal rats, the zonulae occludentes showed networks consisting of one to four strands in many regions. After administration of dehydrocholic acid, the depth of zonulae occludentes were increased and networks consist of six to nine strands. The zonulae occludentes, however, were disorganized, and strands were reduced after administration of biligrafin. In the fasting rats, the zonulae occludentes showed one or two strands which were loosely linked. After ligation of bile duct, the zonulae occludentes were disorganized, and strands were reduced or still in a state not to be reduced. The strands were interrupted by gaps or linear particles in all the groups, especially in the biligrafin and the ligation. The free ends were remarkable in the fasting group and contact or surround the lateral gap junctions in the dehydrocholic acid group. The discontinuities and free ends of strands were also encountered in the normal group, thus suggesting that the barrier is not complete even in the normal state. The aggregation of particles appeared within the meshwork of zonulae occludentes in all the group, except for the ligation. From the evidence, it is assumed that zonulae occludentes are labile, differ in the structure according to the situation of bile canaliculi and show regional alterations even in the same bile canaliculi, that zonulae occludentes are affected by mechanical stress or certain other factors, and that there is a correlation between the strands and particle aggregations in association with the alteration of zonulae occludentes.

국어 순화 교육 방안

신영철 한국국어교육연구회 1988 국어교육 Vol.- No.63

Fine Structure of Pericanalicular Cytoplasm of Taurocholic Acid-treated Rat Liver as Revealed by Deep Etching with Rapid Freezing

신영철,Shin, Young-Chul Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1998 Applied microscopy Vol.28 No.1

본 연구에서는 급속동결 deep etching법을 이용하여 흰쥐에서 담세관주위세포질에 있는 미세사와 용해소체 및 소포등 세포내소기관들이 어떻게 담즙분비에 관여하는지를 알아 보고자 하였다. Taurocholic acid를 투여한 군은 정상군에 있어서와 같이 미세사가 담세관 주위를 둘러싸면서 담세관 원형질막과 다른 세포내소기관에 부착되어 있었다. 이들 담세관 주위의 미세사들은 미세융모속에서 다발을 이루고 있었으며 담세관 둘레에서는 관주위직을 형성하면서 연접복합체에 결합되어 있었다. 미세사는 또한 담세관 원형질막과 소포사이에 걸쳐있는 것도 관찰되었다. 이상의 소견으로 미루어 미세사는 담세관에서의 담즙의 분비를 돕는 소기관임을 알 수 있는데 특히 담세관에 융합할 수 있도록 소포의 전위를 유도하는 기구로서 작용할 것으로 추정된다. To elucidate how microfilaments and vesicles participate in bile formation, the pericanalicular cytoplasms were observed in the liver of rats treated with taurocholic acid by deep etching with rapid freezing, and copmpared them with the findings on convensional thin sections. The microfilaments were identified around the bile canaliculi in the forms of core filaments of microvilli, filaments of pericanalicular web running in parallel to the border of bile canaliculi, and filaments on the junctional complex. In taurocholic acid-treated rats, microfilaments could be visualized around the bile canaliculi and along their borders. The microfilaments appeared to be installed to link to both the canalicular membrane and vesicles. Such specialized microfilaments are considered to participate in the translocation of vesicles in the pericanalicular cytoplasm. From the evidence, it is assumed that the microfilament induces the vesicles to transport and fuse to bile canalicull into which bile acids is secreted by exocytosis.

美國 OHIO地方의 都市 室內造景에 관한 연구 : Ohio Columbus市의 Three nationwide plaza를 中心으로

申永澈,申惠眞,朴永達,崔容福 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1996 農業科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate interior garden of atrium of Three Nationwith Plaza in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Interior garden was considered as living room for working people in the plaza building. 2. Schefflera, Rhapis, Phoenix were dominated in atrium interior space. 3. Spathiphyllum Strelizia in atrium interior space were utilized as lower class of plants. 4.Hosta spp. in atrium interior space were utilized as ground cover. 5. Many indoor plants can be used as season- free, but some spaces only a season.

Morphological Evidence for the Transport of Dehydrocholic Acid in the Hepatocyte as Revealed by Freeze Fracture Replica

신영철,Shin, Young-Chul Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1998 Applied microscopy Vol.28 No.1

본 연구에서는 박절편과 동결할단복제법을 이용하여 흰쥐 간세포에서 dehydrocholic acid가 수송되는 경로를 전자현미경적으로 조사하고자 하였다. 정상군이나 dehydrocholic acid 투여군에서 대부분의 Golgi 장치는 형성면을 담세관으로 향하고 있었다. Dehydrocholic acid 투여 20분 후에 세포질내세망과 Golgi 장치 및 소포 등이 담세관 주위에 증가되어 있었는데 특히 Golgi 장치 형성면에서는 소포가 될 것으로 추정되는 싹이 돌출되어 있었으며 소포들은 담세관에 융합된 것들도 관찰되었다. 이러한 소견으로 미루어 담즙산의 분비는 Golgi 장치 형성면의 쌀이 유리되어 형성된 소포가 담세관막에 융합되므로서 이루어질 것으로 추정된다. The pathway of intracellular transport of dehydrocholic acid was investigated in the hepatocytes of rats by transmission electron microscopy with conventional and freeze fracture methods. Both in normal and experimental groups, the cis Golgi cisterns were sacculated and faces toward the bile canaliculus. In the experimental group, however, the cis Golgi cisterns showed buds, which were probably separated to be vesicles. Some of the buds were connected to the cisterns with the narrow neck. The vesicles were increased in the vicinity of bile canaliculi. The fusion between vesicles and bile canaliculus were frequently observed in the experimental group. This was particularly well shown in the freeze fracture replica. In the thin section, the vesicles were devoid of visible contents as seen in the bile canaliculli. The evidence suggests that the vesicles are derived from the cis Gogi cistern in the way that buds pinch off, serve as vehicles to transport dehydrocholic acids and fuse to bile canaliculi for exocytosis.

自生 山菜類의 開發에 관한 硏究

申永澈,金在佶,申貞和 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1992 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

In order to use as vegetable, studies on valuable wild plants-Pimpinella brachycarpa, Cryptotaenia japonica., Synurus deltoids., Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantean., Hemerocallis fulva. Were carried out by field observation and cultivation. The result were obtained as follow : 1. Pimpinella brachycarpa, Cryptotaenia japonica, Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea were distributed at the higher altitude of 600M, but Synurus deltoids, Hemerocallis fulva were distributed under 500M. 2. Pimpinella brachycarpa, Cryptotaenia japonica, Solidago virga-aurea vat. Gigantean, Hemerocallis fulva except Synurus deltoids grew well on fertile soil in habitat. 3. The germination of Hemerocallis fulva were promoted at 25℃ under dark condition with Ethrel, whereas Synurus deltoides were promoted at 20℃ under dark condition with IBA treatment. 4. Te transplant seedlings of 5 plants, shading was necessary. Low light intensity under 5000Lux is recommended for low rate of bolting and for softening of tissue. 5. All 5 plants grew vigorously toward the end of July. 6. Plants would be harvested after 3 years with seed germination, but it would be desirable to transplant in order to reduce cultivation time. 7. It is desired that 5 plants should be subjected to suppressing or forcing cultivation.

한강 수질개선 편익 측정 : 개방형 질문 CVM CVM with Open-ended Elicitation Mehtod

신영철 대진대학교 1997 大眞論叢 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is measuring the benefits of water quality improvement in Han river using CVM with open-ended format elicitation method. The mean WTP in this study is about 3/5 of that in Shin(1997) where a dichotomos choice with a follow-up elicitation method was used on exact same objective. Because the only difference between this study and Shin(1997) is the elicitation method used, the possibility that the different elicitation methods may yield the different sizes of benefits can be suggested.

1975-1985年 韓國 産業構造의 變動要因에 關한 分析 : 不變産業聯關表를 利用하여 by using the constant price input-output table

申永澈 대진대학교 1993 大眞論叢 Vol.1 No.-

This paper aims to explain the sources of industrial growth and change in 1975-1985 period. There are domestic demand expansion, export expansion, import substitution(import substitution of final goods, import substitution of intermediate goods), technological change in sources of industrial growth and change. The three type models of M.Syrquin's about the constant price input-output table are used in this reserch.

자기우량계 개발

신영철 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2002 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.9

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic rain-recording gauge for a variety of measurement devices of precipitation. this gauge automatically records rainfall accumulation at temporal resolutions down to 1 min or less. The recoding rain gauge by the tipping-bucket type is equipped with telmetry to allow for real-time transmission and utilization for water management. It is usually desirable that the total rainfall be retained so that manual measurements can provide a check on the total rainfall and a means of calibrating the rates of fall. The tipping bucket consists of a pair small containers designed so that when a certain amount of rainfall falls in one of the containers, it tips, and closes an electrical contact that causes a mark by reed switch. For environments that can typically expect a significant amount of frozen precipitation, internal sensor heaters are available. The heating elements are thermostatically controlled to melt and measure the water content of snow and frozen rain. The density of rain gauges varies greatly from country to country and even within the same country. Even the total amount of precipitation over the globe is only approximately known. The most dense networks have been established, as might be expected, in areas where there is great economic significance in local variations of rainfall. These data are used in weather forecasting and are usually taken and transmitted to collecting points every any hour on the internet network.