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      • KCI등재

        孟稱舜(맹칭순) 傳情(전정)이론의 특징과 含意(함의)에 대한 初探(초탐)

        조미연 한국중문학회 2012 중국문학연구 Vol.46 No.-

        所謂“情”是明代中後期文學家, 尤其是小說家和?曲家所追求的美學價値. 他們肯定人情·人欲以反對理學, 將“情”認爲是人性的追求和個性的反映. 明代文壇出現這種主情的文藝潮流, 其背景裏旣包含了中國詩論中詩言志的傳統精神, 又表示了타是?曲家對?曲藝術的本質探索中所?到的答案. 此種價値觀的建立, 也顯示了心學觀念對타的直接影響. 孟稱舜是臨川派的代表人物, 他的傳情理論受到湯顯祖言情論的影響, 但他對情與理的處理上又與湯顯祖不同, 尤其他的後期作品反映出情與理合而爲一的特色. 孟稱舜的傳情理論的主要內容可分爲“情之至”·“情之正”·“誠之至”, 三個方面. “情之至”的特色主要以孟稱舜的前期雜劇《桃花人面》·《花前一笑》·《眼兒媚》和傳奇《嬌紅記》爲代表,其內容主要在肯定人情是人與生俱來的自然本性, 贊美那種不受外在因素的影響, 甚乃至能超越死生的眞情和因之?發的至情之偉力. “情之正”主要指符合社會倫理道德之情的特色, 這以《貞文記》爲代表,其中反映了禮敎觀念影響下婦女的貞節之情. 但正如他所說, 所有貞女都出於情女, 他將基於愛情的忠貞摯情也看成情正, 因此嚴格來說, 其性質?不同於理學家否定人欲所强調的情正. 事實上這是孟稱舜所構想的道德理想的特徵, 其實質包含著至情和情正的融合諧和. “誠之至”是孟稱舜傳情理論的的核心, 也是能使其觀念中的情·理交融合一的重要前題. 孟稱舜以爲只要有“誠”就讓人有自覺其情之變正, 會熏染洗禮, 歸於正途合情合理, 因此能收到敎化的效用. 孟稱舜傳情理論反映的情和理統一的特色顯示了他的情理觀念的變化. 這點正如學者所說, 反映了湯顯祖倡導以情爲主的思想此時已經退潮, 孟稱舜主張的傳情理論與明末淸初社會變化及其個人內心的變化有密切相關. 加上他本身也具有道學家和重情者的兩重人格特點, 因此出於士大夫的責任感, 他在面對晩明危機時, 不單純偏重於情或理, 而是將兩者合而爲一, 試圖用這種折中的方式起衰振弊, 療救社會. 基於此, 他肯定了?曲傳情的力量, 以爲能達到敎化的效果. 有人批評他的思想和作品過於强調敎化的目的, 這難免使得他的後期作品的藝術風格不如前期作品渾厚. 但若能知人論世, 設身處地理解孟稱舜的時代和他的本衷, 我們可以更好地理解傳情理論包蘊的意涵, 或許也可以爲他的傳情理論和?曲創作給予較爲適當的評價.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        Current Trends of the Incidence and Pathological Diagnosis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) in Korea 2000-2009: Multicenter Study

        조미연,김준미,김현기,국명철,박도윤,이재혁,장희경,정은선,김희경,진소영,최준혁,구미진,김수진,강미선,조창호,박문일,강윤경,김윤화,윤선오,배한익,주미,문우성,강대영,장세진,김경미,김우호,손진희,김미정,김우호 대한암학회 2012 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.44 No.3

        Purpose As a result of various independently proposed nomenclatures and classifications, there is confusion in the diagnosis and prediction of biological behavior of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). A comprehensive nationwide study is needed in order to understand the biological characteristics of GEP-NETs in Korea. Materials and Methods We collected 4,951 pathology reports from 29 hospitals in Korea between 2000 and 2009. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the prognostic significance of clinicopathological parameters. Results Although the GEP-NET is a relatively rare tumor in Korea, its incidence has increased during the last decade, with the most significant increase found in the rectum. The 10-year survival rate for well-differentiated endocrine tumor was 92.89%, in contrast to 85.74% in well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma and 34.59% in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Disease related death was most common in the biliary tract (62.2%) and very rare in the rectum (5.2%). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, tumor location, histological classification, extent, size,mitosis, Ki-67 labeling index, synaptophysin expression, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis showed prognostic significance (p<0.05), however, chromogranin expression did not (p=0.148). The 2000 and 2010 World Health Organization (WHO)classification proposals were useful for prediction of the prognosis of GEP-NET. Conclusion The incidence of GEP-NET in Korea has shown a remarkable increase during the last decade,however, the distribution of tumors in the digestive system differs from that of western reports. Assessment of pathological parameters, including immunostaining, is crucial in understanding biological behavior of the tumor as well as predicting prognosis of patients with GEP-NET.

      • KCI등재

        병리의사를 위한 소화기계 암등록에 대한 제안(Ⅰ)

        조미연,강윤경,김경미,장희경,장희진,장미수,김준미,강대영,박찬일,손진희 대한병리학회 2008 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.42 No.3

        Background : Cancer registries are fundamental for cancer control and multicenter collaborative research. However, there have been discrepancies among pathologists in classifying cancer and assigning the codes according to the International Classification of Disease Oncology 3 (ICD-O3). To improve the quality of cancer registries as well as to prevent the conflict with medical insurance compensation, a guideline for the coding of cancer is mandatory. Methods and Results : Funded by the Management Center for Health Promotion, 40 members of the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group and the Cancer Registration Committee of the Korean Society of Pathologists participated in the 1st workshop for gastrointestinal tumor registration. The subjects of gastric epithelial tumor, intramucosal carcinoma of the colon, carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and appendiceal mucinous tumor were discussed to create a guideline. A survey to obtain consensus for the guideline proposed by the workshop was carried out by the members of the Korean Society of Pathologists and 240 members completed the questionnaire. Conclusion : Although there are some issues to be discussed further, such as coding of high grade dysplasia/adenoma and intramucosal carcinoma of stomach and colon, the members agreed upon most parts of the proposed guideline. Therefore, we suggest using the ICD-O3 coding guideline for gastrointestinal tumor.

      • KCI등재
      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        용종 절제술로 제거한 Brunneroma 1예

        조미연,권상옥,이동기,배선우,백순구 대한소화기내시경학회 1993 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.13 No.1

        Brunner's gland adenoma(or Brunneroma) is clinically relevant tumor-like lesion of the duodenum which is composed of submucosal Brunner's gland tissue. Since the first case by autopsy was described by Cruveihier in l935, there have been less than 190 reports in the world literature, Brunner's gland adenoma is an extremely rare entity that accounts for only 10.6% of benign duodenal tumors, which are themselves relatively rare representing 0.008% of all surgical and autopsy specimens. The clinical manifestation of this tumor are non-specific gastrointestinal complaints, such as bloating or epigastric pain, and tumor often gives rise to melena or obstruction, It is postulated that this tumor are hamartomas rather than true neoplasm. However, they undergo rarely malignant transformation. We report on a case of a large pedunculated Brunner's gland adenoma, which was successfully polypectomized.

      • KCI등재

        Electrical Characteristics of Poly(ethylene oxide)-urea Complex Films

        조미연,김상식,조경아 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.13 No.3

        The electrical characteristics of complex films composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and urea as a function of the urea concentration were examined in this study. Moreover, their structural characteristics were also compared. Depending on the urea concentration, the structural phases were classified as PEO+β-phase composite, β-phase+α-phase composites, or α-phase composite+urea. At urea concentrations below ~0.064 M, the β-phase was dominant in the complex film. Moreover, the conductance increased rapidly with an increase in the urea concentration. For urea concentrations ranging from ~0.064 to ~0.25 M, the β-phase was gradually substituted by the α-phase. As the film was composed entirely of the α-phase at urea concentrations greater than ~0.25 M, its conductance was decreased. In this study, the electrical characteristics observed for the different phases are analyzed and discussed.

      • KCI등재

        명대(明代) 본색론(本色論)의 특징과 계승발전 - 서위(徐渭)와 그 후학(後學)을 중심으로 -

        조미연 한국중국학회 2011 중국학보 Vol.64 No.-

        明代尤其是明代中葉是中國戱曲發展的第二個高峰. 當時戱曲演出흔盛行, 出現了衆多戱曲作品, 戱曲理論也由此得到前所未有的發展. 所謂本色, 本是明代曲論家的著作及其他有關戱曲的見解中常被採用的術語, 曲論家常把타歸納爲戱曲與其타文體不同的本然藝術特色. 明代曲論家雖然認識到戱曲本身具有的藝術特色, 以本色來闡明戱曲藝術的規律, 但他們的見解中仍受到向來中國文藝傳統觀念的影響. 由於他們把戱曲視爲與詩歌的同流, 因此較著重於戱曲的社會敎化功能. 對於這點, 徐渭對戱曲藝術本質的特色有較準確的認知, 他提出了相對正確和全面的戱曲本色理論. 要言之, 徐渭的本色論內容主要指戱曲宜俗宜眞, 意卽强調戱曲語言通俗易동, 也要表達人間的眞情實感, 從而達到觀衆與讀者皆感動的境界. 徐渭的意見較之偏重於戱曲語言形式的見解, 更爲全面深刻. 而他的本色理論也被其後學如王驥德、呂天成等人繼承發展, 提出了追求戱曲本色的外在特徵與內在特徵方面的各種主張. 首先就戱曲語言的外在特色而言, 王驥德深知戱曲不同於文人詩歌等案頭文學, 其語言要通俗, 但他兼顧戱曲的表演性與文學性兩方面的特色, 强調戱曲要達到可演可傳的境界才能稱爲眞本色. 呂天成直接繼承而發展徐渭的本色論的內容, 於此較詳盡地闡述了當行本色的兩者之間的關系. 祁彪佳也認同戱曲要用本色語言, 同時又不反對염麗的語言風格. 孟稱舜的本色論在前者的見解上更爲進步, 尤其直得注意的是他强調戱曲語言的本色與當行, 是以作家的創作態度與立場來說明的, 唯其對劇中人物有眞切的體會, 才能創造出眞實生動的舞臺形象. 就使用語言上說, 他也强調戱曲語言不能陳舊迂腐, 又不能過於文雅, 但同時也認爲過於低俗的語言會有降低藝術鑑賞價値的缺點. 此外, 徐渭主張戱曲要表達眞情實感, 其後學則在其中加入了風敎思想, 表現出他們對戱曲方面別樣的審美觀. 因此他們言情的見解中或多或少都含有情與理兩者之間追求和諧的態度, 而這種特色到了孟稱舜變得極爲明顯, 在他這裏, 情與理已不再是相互對立的關係, 一變而爲交融密合, 情敎合一. 總而言之, 在明代戱曲漸失去其本質的弊端中, 徐渭與後學的戱曲本色理論能認識到戱曲本然的藝術規律與價値, 提出了他們對戱曲本色的見解. 雖然由於受到儒家思想積習的左右, 其中仍不能完全擺脫禮敎風化的立場, 但不能否認他們在提示戱曲發展方向方面的積極意義

      • KCI등재

        풍몽룡(馮夢龍)의 희곡(戱曲)개편 이론에 대한 시탐(試探)

        조미연 한국중국학회 2016 중국학보 Vol.77 No.-

        馮夢龍戱曲改編理論的特征之一是通過改編的實踐完成相關的改編工作。針對改編的見解及作品 改編的目的包括對戱曲的藝術性的了解,及通過改編后,著作出有時代代表性的作品。但是,這種意圖 幷沒有達到對當時戱曲創作弊端的發現及造成相應影響的現實意義。幷且,在這種改編背景下,情感線 索成爲了中心思想,通過戱曲的藝術特征所要表現的儒家道德的傳播具有强烈的敎育意義。鑒于這些原 因,改編后的作品在原作品的基礎之上體現了更深層次的創作精神及人物形象塑造。但是,如筆者所評 价的馮夢龍的戱曲改編排除思想上的敎化,在舞臺演出方面相比其他改編理論而言,有着?高的地位。 幷且,在當時的背景下,作爲能勾認識到戱曲創作的問題幷且揭示戱曲的本質特征的戱曲理論,這些見 解及方法在戱曲理論的歷史上有着?重要的意義。 馮夢龍的戱曲改編理論揭示了晩明時期針對文人創作所出現的執着于書本的現象的批判及立足于 戱曲的舞臺藝術性的多種見解。這些見解的內容中包含了情節的安排及針對音律方面的要求,語言的使 用及舞臺設計等多方面的內容。這些見解爲后續戱曲理論家的意見塑造給予了?深刻的影響。比如說, 馮夢龍的針對舞臺演出的觀念及情節的敍事技巧爲李漁的理論做了鋪?,演員對劇本內容的風格可以更 正確的理解,關于演員自身演技方面重要性的强調的看法也成爲了后續舞臺演出理論的基礎。

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