Dimethylnitrosamine 유발 급성 간 손상 흰쥐에서 ^(99m)Tc-Lactosylated Serum Albumin을 이용한 간 기능의 평가

정신영,이재태,서명랑,유정아,배진호,안병철,황재석,정재민,하정희,이규보 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.6

목적: ^(99m)Tc-lactosylated serum albumin (^(99m)Tc-LSA)은 간세포에 특이적으로 결합하는 간수용체 영상용 방사성의약품으로 새로이 합성되었다. 간섬유화를 유발하는 dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)을 투여한 간 손상 휜쥐 모델에서 ^(99m)Tc-LSa의 역동학적인 간섭취를 조사하고 간효소치의 변화와 조직학적 소견을 비교하여, LSA의 간섭취가 간기능의 변화를 반영하는지를 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: SD계 흰쥐에 DMN를 27 mg/kg으로 복강 내 주사하여 급성 간손상을 유도하고 대조군과 비교하였다. DMN을 주사한 흰쥐를 3일(DMN-3), 8일(DMN-8), 21일(DMN-21)에 ^(99m)Tc=LSA (1,665 mg/kg) 29 MBq를 정맥 주사하여, 30분 동안 동적 영상을 획득하고 간과 신장부위에 관심영역을 설정하여 간과 심장부위의 시간방사능 곡선을 얻었다. 간기능 평가를 위해 시간방사능 곡선을 이용하여 간섭취지수와 혈중제거지수를 구하였고 곡선 최적화를 시행하였다. DMN 투여군과 대조군의 간효소치의 변화와 간조직의 광학현미경 소견을 비교하였다. 결과: 대조군에서는 ^(99m)Tc-LSA가 빠르게 간에 섭취되고 혈중에서 제거되었으나 DMN을 처리한 군에서는 간섭취가 낮았다. 간섭취지수의 비교에서 대조군에 비해 DMN 처리군에서 유의하게 간섭취지수가 낮았다(DMN-3: 0.842, DMN-8: 0.898, DMN-21: 0.91, 대조군: 0.96, p<0.05). 혈중제거지수의 비교에서도 대조군에 비해 DMN 처리군에서 혈중제거지수가 유의하게 높았다(DMN-3: 0.731, DMN-8: 0.654, DMN-21: 0.604, 대조군: 0.473, p<0.05). 비선형 회귀분석에서 R_(2) 값은 0.9이상으로 좋은 일치를 보였고, 대조군에ㅓ K값이 DMN처리군에 비해 크고(DMN-3: 0.28, DMN-8: 0.41, DMN-21: 0.46, 대조군: 0.97, p<0.05), T_(1/2)값은 작았다(DMN-3: 2.5, DMN-8: 1.7, DMN-21: 1.5, 대조군: 0.7, p<0.05). 간효소치의 변화는 DMN-3군에서는 대조군에 비해 상승하였으나 DMN-8, DMN-21군에서는 간효소치의 상승이 관찰되지 않았다. 간조직 소견의 경우 DMN-3군에서 중심정맥 주위에 괴사가 관찰되었으나 DMN-8군, DMN-21군에서는 미약한 정도의 염증세포 침윤만이 관찰되었다. 결론: ^(99m)Tc-LSA 간신티그래피의 간섭취 정도는 간손상과 반비례하였으며 간섭취의 변화는 조직학적 손상이 심한 정도와 간손상후 회복되는 과정을 반영하여 주었다. ^(99m)Tc-LSA 간신티그래피가 간손상을 평가하고 간손상후 회복되는 과정을 추적하는 간수용체 영상용 방사성 의약품으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objects: ^(99m)Tc-lactosylated human serum albumin(LSA) is a newly synthesized radiopharmaceutical that binds to asialoglycoprotein receptors, which are specifically presented on the hepatocyte membrane. Hepatic uptake and blood clearance of LSA were evaluated in rat with acute hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) and results were compared with corresponding findings of liver enzyme profile and these of histologic changes. Materials and Methods: DMN (27 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in Sprague-Dawley rat to induce acute hepatic injury. At 3(DMN-3), 8(DMN-8), and 21(DMN-21) days after injection of DMN, LSA injected intravenously, and dynamic images of the liver and heart were recorded for 30 minutes. Time-activity curves of the heart and liver were generated from regions of interest drawn over liver and heart area. Degree of hepatic uptake and blood clearance of LSA were evaluated with visual interpretation and semiquantitative analysis using parameters (receptor index : LHL3 and index of blood clearance : HH3), analysis of time-activity curve was also performed with curve fitting using Prism program. Results: Visual assessment of LSA images revealed decreased hepatic uptake in DMN treated rat, compared to control group. In semiquantitative analysis, LHL3 was significantly lower in DMN treated rat group than control rat group (DMN-3:0.842, DMN-8: 0.898, DMN-21: 0.91, Control: 0.96, p<0.05), whereas HH3 was significantly higher than control rat group (DMN-3: 0.731, DMN-8: 0.654, DMN-21: 0.604, Control: 0.473, p<0.05). AST and ALT were significantly higher in DMN-3 group than those of control group. Centrilobular necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells were most prominent in DMN-3 group, and were decreased over time. Conclusion: The degree of hepatic uptake of LSA was inversely correlated with liver transaminase and degree of histologic liver injury in rat with acute hepatic injury.

Selenium 공급방법이 수경재배 토마토의 생장과 Se 흡수에 미치는 영향

이철규(Cheol-Kyu Lee),조경철(Kyung-Cheol Cho),이정현(Jeong-Hyun Lee),조자용(Ja-Yong Cho),서범석(Beom-Seok Seo),양원모(Won-Mo Yang) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2005 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.14 No.4

토마토 ‘모모타로’를 공시하여 셀레늄 10㎎ㆍL?¹의 관주 및 엽면시비 등의 단용 및 혼용처리가 수경재배 토마토의 생육 및 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 토마토 종자를 50공 트레이에 파종하여 70일 동안 육묘한 후 유묘를 코코피트 슬라이브를 이용한 수경재배 시스템에 정식하였다. 양액은 일본원예시험장 배양액 표준처방으로 조성하였으며, pH 5.8~6.2와 EC 2.3 ㎎ㆍL?¹ 등으로 조절하여 공급하였다. 셀레늄은 무기태 SeO₂와 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 10 ㎎ㆍL?¹으로 조성하여 관주, 엽면시비, 관주와 엽면시비를 병행하여 처리하였다. 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 엽록소 등의 토마토 생장반응은 셀레늄의 엽면시비, 그리고 엽면시비와 관주를 병행한 처리구에서 현저히 증가하였다. 과실 내 셀레늄 축적 함량은 킬레이트화 한 유기태 셀레늄을 엽면시비와 관주를 병행하여 처리한 경우에 0.302 ㎎ㆍL?¹으로 가장 높았다. 무기태와 유기태 셀레늄의 엽면시비와 관주 등의 단용 처리 보다는 혼용 처리가 전반적인 과실 생장과 체내 셀레늄 축적에 효과적이었다. 무기태 설레늄(SeO₂) 보다는 sugar fatty acid ester에 킬레이트화한 유기태 셀레늄 처리가 셀레늄을 함유한 기능성 토마토의 수경재배에 더 효과적이었다. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of supplying methods of selenium on the growth and Se uptake of hydroponically grown tomato plants. Tomato seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Momotaro T-93, Daki Seed Co.) were sown in plug tray with fifty holes, and raised for sixty days. Tomato seedlings transplanted to coco fiber slabs were supplied with the nutrient solutions adjusted to EC 2.3 dSㆍm?¹ and pH 5.8~6.2 recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Selenium forms used were inorganic SeO₂ (here in after referred to Se) and organic selenium chelated with sugar fatty acid ester (here in after referred to chelated-Se). 10 ppm selenium solutions were treated to tomato plants with foliar applications, drenching, and foliar application plus drenching. Growth characteristics in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the plot of foliar application of Se, and in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se than other plots, respectively. Transported contents of selenium into the tomato fruits were highest as 0.302 ppm in the plot of foliar application plus drenching of chelated-Se. Also, it had tended to be higher in the plot of foliar application plus drenching than in the plots of foliar application or drenching in both of Se and chelated-Se. Foliar application and drenching of organic chelated-Se were effective to produce the functional tomato fruits.

CITIS 지원 기술정보관리 시스템의 설계

정석찬,한태창,서범수,조장혁,주경준 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

CITIS(Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service) is a contractor's developed service to provide electronic access and/or delivery of contractually required information. CITIS satisfies one of the major CALS objectives to furnish a single-entry point for authorized access to contractor-generated Contract Data Requirement List(CDRL) data. A critical requirement for the practical implementation of the CITIS concept is the ability to access multiple existing heterogeneous databases in a fashion transparent to the CITIS user. In this paper, we will propose a prototype system model for CITIS, and discuss the system architecture of proposed CITIS system as a global information management system for distributed and heterogeneous local information systems. Furthermore, we will discuss about the required server module and using-scenario of proposed CITIS system.

TNF-α 유전자형과 방광암과의 관계

정필두,김은정,엄민식,서정원,윤석중,김종석,이상철,김원재 충북대학교 의학연구소 2001 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.11 No.2

연구목적: TNF-α는 일부 종양의 종양화 과정과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 TNF-α 발현에 영향을 미치는 TNF-α 촉진자 -308 부위의 유전적 다형성이 방광암과 관련이 있는지 유무를 알고자 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 유전자 분석을 위하여 환자 113명 및 대조군 109명으로부터 혈액을 채취하여 genomic DNA를 분리한 후 PCR-RFLP 및 direct DNA sequencing을 통하여 TNF-α유전자의 다형성을 조사하여 방광암의 발생, 병기 및 분화도와 비교 검토하였다. 결과: TNF-α 촉진자 -308 부위의 유전형은 대조군에서는 GG형이 83.5%(90례 및 GA형이 16.5%(19례)로 관찰되었으며 AA형은 없었다. 환자군에서는 GG 형이 85.4%(97례), GA형 및 AA형은 각각 13.1%(15례)및 0.8%(1례)에서 관찰되었다. 두 군 모두에서 GG형이 가장 많이 나타났으며 다음으로 GA형을 보이고 AA형은 1례의 방광암 환자에서만 관찰되었다. -308부위의 경우도 두 군 사이에 유전자형의 차이는 없었다(p=0.259) 분화도별 분포를 보면 grade I이 20례, grade II가 49례, grade Ⅲ은 34례였고 병기별로 표재성인 경우가 90례였으며 침윤성은 14례였다. 분화도가 나빠질수록 GA형이 증가하였다(p=0.04). 그러나 병기와 TNF-α promoter -308부위의 유전자형 사이에는 유의한 상관 관계가 없었다(p=0.123). 결론: 방광암 환자의 혈액에서 GA genotype이 관찰되는 경우, 분화도가 나쁠 가능성이 매우 높기 때문에 좀 더 적극적인 치료와 세밀한 추적관찰을 함으로써 방광암으로 인한 사망과 암의 진행을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Purpose : Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is involved in tumorigenesis of several cancers as an endogenous tumor promoter. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphism of TNF-α promoter region (-308) was associated with human bladder tumor. Materials and Methods: The DNA from 113 and 109 respective blood samples of bladder tumor Patients and control group was analyzed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct DNA sequencing methods to characterize the genetic polymorphism of -308 promoter region of the TNF-α gene in bladder tumor patients. We compared the association of bladder tumor with genetic Polymorphism of TNF-α promoter region(-308) in relation to the stage, grade, recurrence and progressio. Results : Eighty-six percents(97/113) of bladder tumor patients and 83.5% (90/109) of control group showed genotype GG at -308 region of TNF-α. Difference in genetic variations of TNF-α promoter (-308) did not exist between bladder tumor patients and control group(p=0.259). Tumor grade was significantly related to the GA genotype (p=0.04). The higher is the grade in bladder tumor, the more frequent was the GA genotype. Tumor stage, recurrence and progression were not significantly associated with genetic polymorphism of TNF-α promoter region (-308). Conclusion: The GA genotype of TNF-a promoter region (-308) had a significant impact on TNF-α production and was related to higher grade tumor compared to GG genotype. TNF-α serum levels in bladder tumor patients were significantly higher than controls. These data suggested that TNF-α might involve the tumorigenesis of the bladder rather than treatment or prevention of bladder tumor.

응급실 내원 환자의 만족도 평가 및 관련 요인에 대한 연구

서강석,감신,박정배,이정헌,김종근,윤영국,곽경숙,이원기,우석정 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Background: To examine the influencing factors on patients' satisfaction in the emergency department(ED) for quality assurance. Methods: Patients who visited to the ED were prospectively investigated from November 1 to December 31, 1997. Authors developed questionnaire to investigate influencing factors on patients' satisfaction. A Chi-square test and LISREL 7.0 were applied for statistical analysis. Results: Patients' satisfaction was significantly related to physical environment variables, accessibility variables, kindness of hospital personnel variables, and patient's trust for doctors variables. In path analysis, willingness for revisit was influenced by patients' satisfation, accessibility, physical environment, patients' trust for doctors in order, and willingness for recommendation was influenced by accessibility, patients' satisfaction, and kindness of hospital personnel in order. Conclusions: The influencing factors on patients' satisfaction are physical environment, accessibility, kindness of hospital personnel, and patient's trust for doctors. Willingness for revisit and willingness for recommendation are influenced by patients' satisfation. In spite of some limitations, the results of this study can be used as a baseline information for exploring the influencing factors on patients' satisfaction. Further comprehensive research efforts should be made on the study of patients' satisfactoin in the ED.

한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2006 (Ⅰ)

서정석,민경준,김원,석정호,박원명,송해철,이상열,전덕인,전현태,홍진표,한국형 우울장애 약물치료 알고리듬 2006 연구그룹 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

Objectives : Since the publication of Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Major depressive Disorder (KMAP-MD) in 2002, there has been a substantial need for a revision due to rapid progress in the pharmacological management for depressive disorder. We revised KMAP-MD to Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) in 2006. This paper is one of the following 4 papers consisting of Korean pharmacological algorithm for depressive disorder. Methods : The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts ; initial treatment of 1) non-psychotic depressive disorder, 2) psychotic depressive disorder, 3) treatment strategy for clinical subtypes and drug choice considering adverse effects, and 4) treatment for depressive disorder in women. It was composed of 22 questions, and each question had 54 sub-items. The questionnaire was completed by the review committee consisting of 101 experienced Korean psychiatrists. We classified the expert opinion to 3 categories (the first-line, the second-line, or the third-line). Results : For non-psychotic major depression, regardless ofthe severity of an episode, the antidepressant (AD) monotherapy was the optimal first-line treatment. SSRI, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine were the 1st-line AD. In case of a partial or no response to initial strategy, adding another AD was recommended. For psychotic major depression, combination of an AD and an atypical antipsychotic (AAP) was the treatment of choice. Among AAPs, quetiapine, rispendone, olanzapine were preferred. For non-responder to initial strategy, the next step was adding or changing AD before changing AAP. For women with premenstrual dysphoric syndrome or postpartum depression without psychotic features, AD monotherapty was a preferred strategy while for psychotic postpartum depression, combination of AD and AAP was recommended. Experts recommended various ADs according to adverse effect. Conclusion : These results suggest that the medication strategies for depressive disorder are rapidly changing and reflect the recent studies and clinical experiences.

정신과적 관점에서 본 임신과 출산 : The Psychiatric Perspectives

서정석,김소정,남범우 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

The pregnancy and delivery are the most significant and valuable life events at any women regardless of a race, culture, social status, and religion. Psychiatric disorders in women occur most frequently between the ages of 18 and 45 years, which these years are the childbearing period. Pregnant women have many changes, such as cravings, aversive behaviors, pica, sickness, changes in taste and smelling and pseudocyesis. Also, the postpartum period represents a time of heightened risk for the onset or worsening of mood disorder and other mental disorder. Among these psychiatric disorders, postpartum mood syndrome are generally classified as postpartum blue, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. So, we reviewed the changes during pregnancy and the postpartum mood syndrome in view of psychiatric perspectives.

e-Business를 위한 정보기술 평가모델에 관한 연구

서창갑,황종호,정기호,이석용 동명정보대학교 2002 사이버 비지니스 Vol.1 No.-

최근 몇 년 사이에 인터넷(Internet) 공간상에서 거래되는 선박 매매 사이트의 출현으로 인하여 사이버해운거래 시장이 형성되고 있다. 인터넷은 다양한 정보제공자에 의해 광범위한 분야의 정보를 멀티미디어 형태로 전달한다는 점에서 매우 각광을 받고 있지만 이용자의 증가로 무수한 정보들이 걸러지지 못한 채로 Web상에 존재하게 되었다. 따라서, 이러한 정보들을 체계적으로 정리하고, 이용자들의 구미에 맞게 가공된 정보의 필요성이 대두되게 되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 이용자가 원하는 것을 스스로 인지하고 판단하여 요구사항을 해결해주는 "지능적 대리인" 또는 "지능을 가진 도우미"라고 일컫는 지능형 에이전트(Intelligent Agent)의 필요성이 대두되었다. 지능형 에이전트는 그 다양한 기능으로 인하여 인터넷에서 매우 중요한 요소로 자리잡게 되었다. 우리나라를 비롯해서 선진 해운국에서는 선박매매사이트를 개설하여 사이버 공간상에서 거래를 수행하고 있지만, 사이트별 등록된 선박의 수가 많지 않을 뿐 아니라 거래대상 선박의 표현 방식도 사이트별 국가별로 매우 달라, 선박 매매 시 충분한 매매 대상 선박정보를 획득하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 선박매매 시 고객에게 매매 선박정보를 제공해주는 선박매매용 에이전트 설계를 목표로 하고 있다. Bargainfinder, Bargainboat, Shopboat, Price watch 등 쇼핑몰을 대상으로하는 비교쇼핑에이전트는 상용화되어 운영되고 있지만 선박매매용 에이전트에 관한 연구는 시도되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 선박매매용 에이전트를 개발하기 위한 설계연구로서 다음 사항에 대한 연구가 시도되었다. (a) 구매 선박에 대한 요구? 표현 방법 (b) 관련 선박의 표현, 등록 및 색인방법 (c) 공급 선박의 분류와 표현 방법 (d) 에이전트의 정보 수집을 위한 메시지 표현방법 (e) 수집된 선박정보의 데이터베이스 (f) 요구 선박을 찾아주는 정보제공 서비스가 요구된다. The IT for e-Business performance is composed of the financial performance of a corporation, the effectiveness of IT itself, the suitability of processes and so forth. For the last 30 years many studies about IT evaluation have been conducted, most cases have been measured inclusively in terms of technology level, information level, functional level and management level. However these management oriented evaluation models are too narrow to evaluate IT for 3-Business. The IT in a corporation needs to be measured broadly. Corporate performance of IT needs to use models in the past and concentrate on environmental characteristics. This study intends to find more practical IT evaluation models for e-Business. We found two standardized IT process evaluation models, CMM and SPICE which are analyzed in terms of process in an organization. Afterwards this study will suggest an appropriate conceptual model for evaluating IT for e-Business.

응급실에서 소아환자의 진정제로서 케타민(Ketamine)의 사용

서정필,박준석,황태식,장석준,김승호 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: Ketamine use in emergency room has been increased. It has rapid onset of action and appropriate duration of action. It does not need endotracheal intubation and produces potent analgesia, sedation, and amnesia. The object of this study is to determine the safety and the degree of physician's satisfaction in relation to ketamine use. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study using protocol. Pediatric trauma patients who need sedation were given IM ketamine(4 ㎎/㎏) and atropine(0.01 ㎎/㎏) in a same syringe. Monitoring of patients was done by EM residents and complications of ketamine use were recorded. Physician's satisfaction was also recorded after the procedure. Results: Intramuscular ketamine was administered 54 times, mainly for laceration repair. Physicians completed protocol for 51 of treated children. The median time for onset of sedation was 6.5±2.4 min, and duration of action was 32.4±10.8 min. Hypersalivation occurred in 9.8%(n=5); random movement 3.9%(n=2), emesis during procedure(n=1), emesis at home(n=1), and transient oxygen desaturation(n=1). All were quickly identified and treated without specific airway management and sequelae. Of 84% of physicians was satisfied with ketamine use for pediatric sedation. Conclusion: Intramuscular ketamine can be administered safely and satisfactorily in emergency room to facilitate pediatric procedures in conjunction with a defined protocol and appropriate monitoring.

정신과 폐쇄 병동 환경 평가에 영향을 미치는 임상변인 : 치료의 질적 향성을 위한 예비적 연구 The Preliminary Study for Promoting the Quality of Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment

서정석,류은정,이상미,한미희,최귀순,손인기,남범우 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2003 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Purpose: IS prelminary study was designed to assess the clinical variables influencing on the ward atmosphere in psychiatric closed ward and to promote the quality of psychiatric inpatient treatment. Method: 41 psychiatric inpatients were selected in Chung-ju hospital, Konkuk university. Ward Atmosphere Scale(W AS) was used to evaluate patients' perception of ward milieu. WAS score were compared among subgroups with respect to the clinical variables such as duration of admission, frequency of admission, and diagnosis. Results: Significantly, patients who have hospitalized for 1 month to 2 months reported lower score of WAS and patients who have hospitalized for longer than 2 months reported higher score of WAS. The relationship between educated levels and WAS score was not significant. First admitted patients reported significantly lower score of WAS. Bipolar patients reported significantly higher score of WAS and alcohol related patients reported significantly lower score of WAS. Conclusion: The 1st admitted patients, patients with alcohol problem and educated patients were had less satisfied with psychiatric closed ward. Thus, by considering these factors, more specified therapeutic approach and plan should be conducted.