한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

2.9% 과산화수소를 함유한 부착형 미백제의 임상적 효능과 안정성에 관한 연구

박은숙,성소래,홍성태,김지은,이소영,황수연,이신재,진보형,손호현,조병훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.4

2.9%의 과산화수소를 함유한 시험용 부착형 미백제(Medison dental whitening strip, Samsung medical Co.,Anyang,Korea)를 실험군 피험자 23명, 시험용 미백제에서 과산화수소를 제외한 동일한 제재를 대조약으로 대조군 피험자 24명에게 매일 1시간 30분씩, 2주간 적용하여 임상적 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 Shade Vision, Chroma Mete 및 Vitapan classical shade guide를 이용하여 색변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 실험군에서의 전체 치아의 색변화량(ΔE^(*))은 세 가지 측정법에서 모두 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.05). 쉽게 인지할 수 있는 정도였다. 2. 색변화는 색좌표 상에서 명도의 증가와 녹색조 및 청색조로의 변화에 의해 얻어졌다. 3. 치아별로는 어두운 견치의 색변화량이 가장 컸고, 측절치, 중절치 순으로 감소하였다. 4. 47명의 피험자 중 5명이 경도의 과민증을 경험하였으나 곧 완화되었다, 치은염증지수와 전기치수검사 결과 시험 전후에 차이가 없어 안전성을 확인하였다. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of an experimental bleaching strip (Medison dental whitening strip, Samsung medical Co., Anyang, Korea) containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide. Twenty-three volunteers used the bleaching strips for one and a half hour daily for 2 weeks. As control group, the same strips in which hydrogen peroxide was not included were used by 24 volunteers with the same protocol. The shade chang (ΔE^(*), color differnce) of twelve anterior teeth was measured using Shade Vision (X-Rite Inc., S. W. Grandville, MI, USA), Chroma Meter (Minota Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan) and Vitapan classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany). The shade change of overall teeth in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (p < 0.05) and was easily perceivable. The change resulted from the increase of lightness (CIE L^(*) value) and the decrease of redness (CIE a^(*) value) and yellowness (CIE b^(*) value). The shade change of individual tooth was greatest in canine, can smallest in central incisor. The safety of the bleaching strip was also confirmed. 〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(4):269-281, 2006〕

사업장의 공정별 분진 발생량 평가에 관한 연구

박정호,김형갑 진주산업대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구에서는 분진이 발생되는 경남지방 노동 사무소 관내 분진이 발생되는 35개 사업장을 대상으로 업종 및 공정별로 발생된는 분진의 종류, 농도를 파악하여 산업장내의 작업 환경 개선 및 직업병 발생 가능성의 대처방안을 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 산업안전 보건법상의 먼지 허용 기준치를 초과한 사업장은 철구조물 제조업으로 용접 공정에서 6.239 ㎎/㎥으로 나타났다. 2) 철구조물 제조업의 용접 공정 및 일부 사업장의 포장 공정 등 환기 시설 미설치 작업장에는 환기 시설의 설치가 요구되며, 특히 용접작업의 경우 작업 특성상 이동식 국소 배기 집진 시설을 설치하여 활용하는 등 적극적인 작업환경 개선이 요구된다. 3) 업종별 먼지 평균 농도는 낮으나 시멘트 및 레미콘 제조업의 믹서실, 화학제품 제조업의 포장실 등에서는 허용 기준치에 근접 또는 초과하고 있었다.

진주시 대기·수질·토양오염의 특성

박정호,이춘식,박현건,김형갑 진주산업대학교 1998 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.5

The research described in this paper was conducted to estimate the level of air, water and soil pollution, and plans for environmental conservation in Chinju city. The characterizations of air, water and soil pollution in Chinju were investigated during the period of September and November of 1997. The concentrations of air and soil pollutant in Chinju were lower than a metropolitan areas or environmental standard. The pollution level of water quality were higher Keong-Ho and Yang-Chen river compared with Duck-Chen river.

혈관내 초음파로 증명된 관상동맥 가성협착 1예

박형섭,허승호,한성욱 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

연세대학교 영동세브란스병원 교정과에 내원한 부정교합 환자의 분포 및 경향에 관한 연구 : A 10 year study of 2155 patients from YDSH

백형선,김경호,박열 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.1

치과 교정학의 발달과 경제력의 향상 그리고 사회적 인식의 변화와 대중매체의 발달로 교정치료를 받고자하는 부정교합 환자들의 숫자는 날로 증가하고 있으며, 이처럼 증가하는 환자들에 대한 정확한 진단과 적절한 치료를 위해서는 환자가 갖고 있는 부정교합의 특성들을 잘 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 내원 환자들의 부정교합을 유형별로 분류하는 목적은 수많은 변이를 쉽게 이해하고 환자에 대한 자료나 정보의 제공을 용이하게 하며 진단 및 치료계획을 세우는 데에 있어서 도움을 얻기 위해서이다. 이에 저자들은 1984년부터 1993년까지 10년동안 영동세브란스병원 교정과에 내원하여 진단을 받은 부정교합 환자 2155명을 대상으로 부정교합의 양상과 내원 환자의 분포 및 변화추세를 조사 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 연간 내원 환자수는 10년동안 약4배 증가하였으며, 남자가 41.7%, 여자가 58.3%로 여자가 남자보다 더 많았다. 2. 연령별 분포에서 7-12세군의 내원율이 53.3%로 가장 높았으며 7-12세군과 13-18세군의 비율은 감소하는 경향을, 19세 이상 환자의 비율은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. Angle씨 부정교합 분류별 분포에서 Class Ⅰ 부정교합이 27.8%, Class Ⅱ div 1은 22.6%, Class Ⅱ div 2는 7.9%, Class Ⅲ는 41.6%였으며, Class Ⅰ 부정교합 환자의 비율은 감소추세를, Class Ⅱ와 Class Ⅲ 환자의 비율은 증가추세를 나타내었다. 4. 발치 환자와 비발치 환자의 비율은 24.6%와 75.4%였으며 발치 환자의 비율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 5. 악교정수술 환자는 계속 증가추세에 있으며 Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ, Class Ⅲ의 비율은 각각 8.8%, 16.9%, 74.3%였으며 1-jaw Surgery와 2-jaw Surgery의 비율은 1:3이었다. 6. 안모비대칭을 가진 환자는 전체 내원 환자의 4.0%였으며 Class Ⅲ 부정교합에서 가장 많았다. 7. TMD증상을 가진 환자는 전체 내원 환자의 4.6%로서 점차 증가추세에 있으며, 연력이 높을 수록 그리고 여자에서 그 비율이 더 높았다. 8. 강남구, 서초구, 송파구등 본 병원과 인접한 지역에 거주하는 환자수가 전체 내원 환자의 약3/4을 차지했다. Distributions and trends were examined in 155 malocclusion patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Orthodontics in Youngdong Severance Hospital over a 10 year-period from 1984 to 1993. The results were as follows ; 1. The number of patients per year had nearly quadrupled during the 10 year-period, with females(58.3%) outnumbering males(41.7%). 2. Age distribution had shown 7-12 year-old group being the largest(53.%), but percentages of 7-12 year-old and 13-18 year-old groups had been decreasing while that of above-19 patients had gradually increased. 3. Distributions in the types of malocclusion according to Angle's Classification had shown : 27.8% for Class Ⅰ, 22.6% for Class Ⅱ division 1, 7.9% for Class Ⅱ division 2, and 41.6% for Class Ⅲ. Percentages of Class Ⅰ patients had decreased while percentages of Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients had increased. 4. Non-extraction cases (75.4%) had outnumbered extraction cases (24.6%), with a general trend toward fewer extraction cases over the 10 year period. 5. Patients who had orthognathic surgery had been increasing, with Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ cases comprising 8.8%, 16.9% and 74.3%, respectively. There had been three times as many 2-jaw operations as 1-jaw operations. 6. Nearly 4% of the subjects had facial asymmetries, with Class Ⅲ cases being the most frequent. 7. Patients with TMD symptoms comprised 4.6%, with an increasing trend. The symptoms had occurred more frequently in older patients and in females. 8. Geograpic distributions showed majority (3/4) of patients from the nearby area, namely Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu.

경기 일부지역 육용 양돈작업장의 분진 및 내독소 농도

유동호,김형아,허용,성재혁,이한기,박용규 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to dust and endotoxin produced while working at swine confinement buildings. The dusts and endotoxin may cause adverse health effects on humans. Fourteen swine farms located at Yong-In, I-Cheon and Yeo-Ju of onggi-do were investigated. Husbandry workers form the farms were requested to wear personal sampler to measure respirable dust levels. Area samplings for total and respirable dust were also conducted at swine confinements buildings by season (summer under window open, winter under window close.) Gravimetric analyses and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for measu- rement of dust level and endotoxin, respectively. The highest geometric mean (GM) concentration of airbome dusts was 7.47mg/㎡ for area respirable dust. and 10.35mg/㎡ for personal respirable dust. For respirable dust levels, seven farmers exceeded level of ACGIH, 3mg/㎥. The highest GM of endo- toxin was 5745.40 EU/㎥ for personal respirable dust. Significantly increased level of total dust (p〈0.001) and endotoxin in area total dust was observe with winter samples compared with those of summer. Area total dust and area respirable dust (r-0.622, p〈0.0001) was very significantly correlated in winter. Swine husbandry worker may have a considerable risk of ill health whenexposed to level of dust or endotoxin demonstrated at this study.

가변구조 제어시스템의 Luenberger Observer에 관한 연구

탁한호,이형기,박양수,권세현 釜山工業大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

This paper presents an analysis of the stste observer-based robust speed control of a self-controlled synchonous motor (SCSM). A Variable structure control (VSC) technique is utilized to achieve robust (paramater-insensitive) characteristics. The speed and acceleration signals required for the implementation of the variable structure speed control (VSSC) are dynamically estimated with stste observer. One kind observer-the Luenberger full order observer-air explored in this paper. The results obtained that Luenverger observers do estimate the system ststes accurately when the system parameters vary. The design methods and the simulation results presented demonstrable the potential of the proposed scheme.

정양지의 대형수생식물상과 그 분포에 관한 연구

김인댁,박정원,김형오 7개 국립대학교 환경연구논문집 공동발행 위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

The flora(macro-hydrophyte) and Vegetation of Jeongyang reservoir and surrounding area was investigated from March, 2005 to October, 2005. The Macro-hydrophyte of this area consist of 31 taxa : 1 variety, 30 species, 27 genera and 19 family. The Macro-hydrophyte of this area consist of Emergent Plants : 15 species, 12 genera, 8 family, Submerged Plants : 6 species, 6 genera, 5 family, Free-floating Plants : 3 species, 3 genera, 2 family, Folating leaved Plants : 3 species, 3 genera, 3 family, Hygrophytes Plants : 3 species, 3 genera, 3 family, Terrestrial Plants : 1 species, 1 genera, 1 family. The communities of Jeongyang lake : Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Echinochloa crus-galli var.frumentacea community, Scirpus triqueter community, Ziaznia latifolia community, Phragmites communis community, Typha orientalis community and persicaria thunbergii community. The life form spectrum : Emergent Plants 48%, Submerged Plants 19%, Free-floating plants 10%, Floating leaved Plants 10%, Hygrophytes Plants 10%, Terrestrial Plants 3%.

그라인더(grinder) 사용에 의한 Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome(HAVS)의 6예

임상혁,김록호,양길승,양정인,김상섭,전형준,박시복 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 수지증상이 있는 진동공구 작업자 8명에 대해 객관적이고 체계화된 진단방법을 이용하여 수지진동 증후군을 진단하고자 시행하였다. 방 법 : 과거병력, 가족력 등의 문진과 혈액 및 소변, 방사선 검사를 통해 다른 원인에 의한 레이노씨병을 배제하였고, 공구 측정 결과를 이용하여 작업과의 관련성을 보았으며, 냉수 침지검사와 근전도 검사를 통하여 수지진동 증후군을 진단하고자 하였다. 결 과 : 수지증상이 있는 진동공구 작업자 8명에 대해 과거병력, 가족력, 약물복용 및 과거 직업력 등 레이노씨병을 유발하는 요인에 대하여 조사하였고 특이점은 발견하지 못하였다. 다른 원인에 의한 레이노씨병을 배제하기 위해 혈액 및 소변, 방사선 검사를 하였고 8명 모두에서 특이 소견을 발견하지 못하였다. 위의 문진과 검사결과로 다른 원인에 의한 레이노씨병을 배제할 수 있었다. 해당사업장의 진동 공구 측정결과를 근거로 피검자의 공구가 ISO의 허용기준을 초과함을 알 수 있었다. 냉수 침지검사와 근전도 검사를 이용하여 피검자 8명중 6명이 말초 혈액순환 장해와 말초 신경염이 있는 것으로 진단되었다. 위의 내용을 근거로 6명은 진동에 의한 수지 진동 증후군으로 진단할 수 있었다. 결 론 : 수지증상이 있는 진동공구 작업자 8명에 대해 객관적이고 체계화된 진단방법을 이용하여 수지진동 증후군을 진단하였다. 해당 사업장의 진동 공구 작업자의 진동에 대한 검진이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : To confirm the HAVS In workers exposed to hand-arm vibration with using the objective diagnostic methods. Methods : Several tests were used to help substantiate a clinical diagnosis of HAVS. Some other diseases were excluded by a medical interview, hematologic assessment, urinalysis, X-rays. The hand-arm vibration acceleration level of the grinder was evaluated for considering HAVS. Peripheral vascular changes were examined by a cold provocation test. An electromyography was implemented to ascertain the peripheral neural changes. Results : 8 workers with symptoms in hands & fingers, exposed to hand-arm vibration were examined. Some other diseases (primary Raynaud's disease, secondary Raynaud's disease in not occupational origin) were excluded by a medical interview, hematologic assessment, urinalysis, X-rays. The hand-arm vibration acceleration level of the grinder was 7.9 m/sec2. The recovery time of a skin temperature followed finger cooling was significantly prolonged in 6 workers with HAVS. The nerve conduction velocity was reduced in 6 workers with HAVS. Conclusions : So we report 6 cases of HAVS in grinding workers exposed to hand-arm vibration diagnosed objectively by an exclusion of some other disease, hand- arm vibration acceleration level, cold provocation test, electromyography.