불교의 사띠와 심리학의 마음챙김과 원불교의 유념과 비교

이경열(Kyoung-Youl Lee) 한국종교학회 2013 宗敎硏究 Vol.71 No.-

This study made clear in the same and diffenence among sati in buddhism and mindfulness in psychology and Yoonoum in won -buddhism, after analyzed the meaning, purpose, object of sati in early buddhism and mindfulness in psychology and Yoonoum in won -buddhism. So, I explained the same and diffenence and suggestions among sati in early buddhism and mindfulness in psychology and yoonoum in won-buddhism, by noticing that they are closely related. The same is english translate and meaning, The diffenence is purpose, application object. The suggestions as sati in buddhism is that it is necessary to an active role in clinical aspects and social aspects. The suggestions as yoonoum in won-buddhism is that it is necessary to do cretization in stages of yoonoum study and diversification of yoonoum application object` range. The suggestions as mindfulness in psychology is that connects with object of mindfulness by original dimension and focus on change and reform of the outside world. In conclusion, I wish that present new therapy modelby unitying the east religion of the sati in early buddhism and Yoonoum in won-buddhism and the west psychology. In future study, I hope that create a new therapy model as hamonizing with tradition pratice of the east and psychology of the west.

Na₂CrO₄·4H₂O를 흡입한 랫드의 호흡기 조직변화에 관한 연구

이경열,박일권,박미선,송치원,이미영,김현영,김무강,Lee, Kyoung-youl,Park, Il-kwon,Park, Mi-sun,Song, Chi-won,Lee, Mi-young,Kim, Hyun-young,Kim, Moo-kang 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

Certain hexavalent chromium compounds when administered via inhalation have the potential to induce lung injury in human and experimental animals. In present study, the inhalation effect of hexavalent chromium on morphological change and weight change of rat organ were investigated. Rats were exposed to hexavalent chromium ($Na_2CrO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$) at concentration of $0.36mg/m^3$ (group 1), $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 2), ascorbic acid and $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 3) and filtered air (group 0, control group) for I week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks. The weight of lung and kidney in group 2 and group 3 significantly higher than in control group at same exposure period. The epithilial cells of bronchiole in group 1, 2, 3 were more flatten than group 0. In the lung, the number of macrophage was significantly increased and morphologically changed macrophages were observed in group 1, 2, 3. The morphological change of the lung did not significant between group 2 and group 3, however, in group 1 was milder than in group 2 and group 3. The severity of morphological change were depend on exposure period in the lung. The morphological changes by hexavalent chromium of the liver and kidney were also observed These results suggest that inhalation of hexavalent chromium effects on not only respiratory organ, but also the liver and the kidney via blood stream.

119 구급서비스 지역별 출동특성 및 출동거리와 현장도착시간과의 관계

이경열(Kyoung-youl Lee),문준동(Jun-dong Moon),최은숙(Eun-sook Choi) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 응급구조학과 학생들의 구급차 동승실습으로 구축된 구급활동일지를 바탕으로 응급환자의 지역별 특성을 파악하고, 지역 간의 출동거리와 현장도착시간 간에 의미있는 영향이 있는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. A대학 4학년 학생 총 31명이 서울, 대전, 충남 및 세종지역의 소방서에서 4주간의 실습으로 얻어진 총 1133개의 구급활동일지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 환자평가 중 맥박, 호흡수, 산호포화도는 모든 지역에서 80%이상을 실시하고 있었다. 중증도 분류에 있어서는 대전이 응급으로 표시한 경우가 가장 많았으나 환자에 대한 응급처치는 모든 지역에서 단순한 기본적인 처치가 대부분이었다. 신고부터 현장까지 도착하는 시간은 서울이 평균 5분 40초(±2분 25초)로 가장 빨랐고, 충남세종은 10분 이상 걸리는 경우도 35.7%에서 나타났다. 주된 신고 이유는 서울과 대전에서는 질병이었고, 충남은 손상의 비율이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 응급구조학과 학생들의 실습지역에 따라 실습내용이 다소 차이가 있을 수 있어 실습기준에 대한 표준지침이 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 빠른 시간내에 적절한 응급처치를 받을 수 있는 119 안전센터의 배치나 구급차 배치를 고민하고, 지역별 구급의 질 적 차이를 최소화하기 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. Purpose This study is to investigate regional characteristics of 119 ambulance dispatch and the relationship between the distance and response time to the scene. Methods This study was retrospectively conducted 119 running sheets with 1,321 patients who had been transferred to the hospital by 119 ambulance during ambulance attendant training. The training was performed at two, five and three fire station in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungnam respectively, from June 24, 2013 to July 19, 2014. Results Almost the emergency medical services provided were no more than basic first aid in all regions. The patients transferred by 119 ambulance in Seoul were more than other region. The time of call to scene and scene to hospital were the slowest in Chungnam. The major reason of call 119 was due to disease in Seoul and Daejeon, however due to injury in Chungnam. Conclusion Our study suggests that learning from ambulance attendant training course could diverse from region to region. It is, therefore, needed that standardization of ambulance attendant training course, appropriate logistics and resource allocation for providing universal quality of emergency medical services.

Mongolian Gerbil의 췌장에서 내분비세포들의 생후 발달에 따른 분포

이경열(Kyoung-youl Lee),박일권(Il-kwon Park),권효정(Hyo-jung Kwon),박미선(Mi-sun Park),이미영(Mi-young Lee),송치원(Chi-won Song),김무강(Moo-kang Kim),이철호(Chul-ho Lee),현병화(Byung-hwa Hyun),이강이(Kang-iee Lee),김종섭(Chong-Sub Ki 한국실험동물학회 2001 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.17 No.1

한국산 야생등줄쥐 (Apodemus Agrarius coreae)의 대뇌피질과 줄무늬체에서 Neuropeptide Y 면역반응신경세포의 분포

이경열(Kyoung-Youl Lee),박일권(Il-Kwon Park),송치원(Chi-Won Song),권효정(Hyo-Jung Kwon),박미선(Mi-Sun Park),김무강, 정영길(Young-Gil Jung),이강이(Kang-Iee Lee),이철호(Chun-Ho Lee),현병화(Byung-Hwa Hyun),최농훈(Nong-Hun Choe) 대한해부학회 2001 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.34 No.2

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)는 돼지의 뇌에서 처음 분리 추출된 이후 여러학자들에 의해 여러동물의 뇌에 존재함이 밝혀졌으 며 이런 NPY는 신경조절물질 또는 신경활성물질에 관여하는 것으로 있려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 야생등줄쥐 (apodemus agrarius cereae)의 대뇌피질과 줄무늬체에서의 NPY면역반응신경세포체의 분포를 관찰하고자 면역조직화학염 색을 실시하여 관찰하였던 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 야생등줄쥐의 대뇌피질에서 NPY면역반응신경세포체가 모든 층에서 출현하였으며 특히 V층과 VI층에 주로 분포하 였고 I층과 VI층에서는 드물게 나타났다. 2. 대뇌피질에서 NPY면역반응신경세포체의 모양은 타원형, 난원형, 뭇각형 등 다양하게 존재하였고 I층과 II층에서는 원 형과 타원형이 많았으며 V층과 VI층에서는 뭇각형이 많았다. 세포돌기는 두극형 또는 뭇극형으로 존재하였는데 그 세포돌기의 주행방향이 I층과 II층에서는 연질막 (pia mater)과 평행으로 III층에서 두극형의 세포는 수직방향으로 그 돌기가 뻗어 있었으며 VI층에서는 뇌량과 평행하게 주행하고 있었다. 세포체의 크기는 중간크기 (10~20 μm)의 세포가 대부분이고 20 μm 이상인 세포는 드물게 관찰되었다. 3. 대뇌피질의 부위별 분포는 후각뇌주위피질에서 그 수가 가장 많이 나타났고 두정피질에서 그 다음으로 많이 나타났 으며 팽대뒤피질에서는 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 섬피질에서는 갯수는 적으나 그 밀집도가 높았다. 두정피 질부위에서는 대개 III-VI층에 주로 분포하였고 전두피질에서는 다른 부위보다 II층에 많은 세포체가 존재하였다. 4. 줄무늬체에서의 NPY면역반응신경세포체는 꼬리-조가비핵에서만 관찰되었으며 뒷쪽으로 갈수록 그 수가 줄어들었고 중간부위에서는 NPY면역반응신경세포체가 배쪽내측부분에 많이 분포되어 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 5. 줄무늬체에서의 NPY면역반응신경세포체의 모양은 타원형, 난원형, 뭇각형 등 다양하였으나 주로 뭇각형이 많았으며 그 세포돌기도 사방으로 뻗어있었고 그 크기는 15~20 μm로 중간세포가 대부분이었다. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was first isolated from porcine brain. This discovery has led some workers to study the distribution of this peptide in the central nervous system of various mammals. In this study examined the distribution pattern of NPY-immunoreactive (NPY-IR) neurons in the Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius coreae) cerebral cortex and striatum, using immunohistochemical method. The results obtained in this study were summarized as followings. 1. NPY-IR neurons distributed in all layer of cerebral cortex. The number of neurons were higher in layer V and VI than in layer I and IV. 2. The shape of neurons was predominantly round or oval in layer I and II, and triangular in layer V and VI. And the processes were parallel to pia mater in layer I and II and were vertical in layer III. 3. The highest number of NPY-IR neurons were found in the perirhinal cortex but a few distinct population were found in the retrosplenial cortex. 4. In stiatum NPY-IR neurons were observed only in caudate-putamen nucleus. 5. The Immunoreactive neurons in caudate-putamen varied in their shape, but most of them were triangular or multiform neurons had omnidirectional processes.

Na₂CrO₄ · 4H₂O를 흡입한 랫드의 호흡기 조직변화에 관한 연구

이경열(Kyoung Youl Lee),박일권(Il Kwon Park),박미선(Mi Sun Park),송치원(Chi Won Song),이미영(Mi Young Lee),김현영(Hyun Young Kim),김무강(Moo Kang Kim) 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

발달중인 Mongolian gerbil의 전뇌에서 TH 면역반응세포의 분포에 관한 연구

이경열,박일권,권효정,박미선,송치원,김무강,장규태,이강이,김원식,박원학,Lee, Kyoung-youl,park, Il-kwon,Kwon, Hyo-jung,Park, Mi-sun,Song, Chi-won,Kim, Moo-kang,Chang, Kyu-tae,Lee, Kang-iee,Kim, Won-sik,Park, Won-hark 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.2

The immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) is examined in the developmental forebrain of mongolian gerbil in order to determine changes in the distribution and cytology of neurons. At each of the different developmental stage, including prenatal(E)14, E16, E18, E20, postnatal(P)0, P2, P4 days, mongolian gerbils were sacrificed. In E14, TH-IR cells were predominantly round or oval in shape and their processes were very short. In olfactory blub, TH-IR cells were begun to appear from E20. In the striatum, we observed only fibers of TH-IR at all ages. From E16, TH-IR perikarya and fiber were present in periventricular nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. The changes from the early to the late prenatal stages of development appear to be the result of an increase in number of TH-IR perikarya and processes. These results were shown slight differences to other rodents.

국내 아메리칸 핏불테리어에서 발생한 열사병 증례 보고

이승희,정지열,정재훈,이현경,박중원,이경기,김종완,소병재,윤순식,Lee, Seunghee,Jung, Ji-Youl,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Hyunkyoung,Park, Jung-Won,Lee, Kyoung-Ki,Kim, Jong-Hwan,So, ByungJae,Yoon, Soon-Seek 한국동물위생학회 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

Heat stroke in a dog is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a high body temperature over $41^{\circ}C$, by the central nervous system dysfunction, and by multiple organ dysfunction. A 11-month-old male American Pit Bull Terrier was presented to clarify the cause of death to diagnostic laboratory. This dog showed clinical signs such as high body temperature ($42^{\circ}C$), severe tachypnea, hematochezia, epistaxis and hemoptysis after transportation at hot summer time. At necropsy, there were hemorrhages in skin, serosa of stomach and small intestine, and also dark red fluid in lumen of intestine. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive hemorrhages in stomach, muscle, skin, and tongue. In microbiology, pathologic bacteria such as Pasteurella, Boedetella, Salmonella, Clostridium, and circulating virus in Korea such as CDV, CIV, CAV, CHV, CCV, CPIV were negative except CPV. There were many gross and microscopic lesions suggesting hest stroke while pathologic agents and related lesions were not detected. Therefore we diagnosed this case as heatstroke.

절수에 의한 mongolian gerbil 종뇌 및 간뇌에서 dopamine성 면역반응세포의 분포변화

송치원,이경열,박일권,정주영,권효정,이철호,현병화,이근좌,송운재,정영길,이강이,김무강,Song, Chi-won,Lee, Kyoung-youl,Park, Il-kwon,Jung, Ju-young,Kwon, Hyo-jung,Lee, Chul-ho,Hyun, Byung-hwa,Lee, Geun-jwa,Song, Woon-jae,Jung, Young-gil,Lee 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.1

Nowadays, mongolian gerbil is notably utilized for the research of brain and water deprivation because of a congenital incomplete willis circle structure in the brain, audiogenic seizure in low noise, and special cholesterol metabolism without water absorption for a long time. In this study, we are intend to identify the morphological changes of the catecholaminergic neuron of brain according to the time lapse in the condition of long term water deprivation. 55 mongolian gerbil were divided 10 groups(control, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 42th day water deprivation group), of which each group include 5 mongolian gerbils and 5 normal mongolian gerbils in control group were also used for brain atlas as a control. The brains were observed by the immunohistochemical stain using the TH, DBH and PMNT antibody. The results were as followings; 1. The nerve fibers of the TH-immunoreactive neuron were observed only in the and corpus striatum of the telencephalon. 2. Intensity of the immunostain of the nerve fiber in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum was decreased gradually day by day after water deprivation. 3. The TH-immunoreactive nerve cells were observed in the paraventricular and periventricular nucleus of the 3rd ventricular in the hypothalamus of mongolian gerbil but the number of nerve cells were decreased from the first day of the water deprivation to the 10th day and increased until the 20th day, after than redecreased from the 20th day by the continuous water deprivation. The number of nerve fibers in this area were increased in the first day, but decreased from the 2nd day of water deprivation. The shape and density of the dopamine secreting cells in the brain of mongolian gerbil by the immunoreactive stain were changed in the continuous water deprivation. In this results, we can conclude that dopamine concerned in the water metabolism of mongolian gerbil, and mongolian gerbil could be used as an animal model for the research of water deprivation.

감마선 조사에 의한 발생과정 중인 마우스의 소뇌발달에 관한 연구

박일권,이경열,박오성,김성화,이근좌,이강이,민태선,육홍선,변명우,김무강,Park, Il-Kwon,Lee, Kyoung-Youl,Park, O-Sung,Kim, Sung-Hwa,Lee, Guen-Jwa,Lee, Kang-Yi,Min, Tae-Sun,Yook, Hong-Sun,Byun, Myung-Woo,Kim, Moo-Kang 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

In order to study about the lobule and layer formation and cell migration of the mouse cerebellum from at the birth to 15th day effected by 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy r-raddiation at the 19th pregnancy. The routine tissue preparation and staining procedure, Immunohistochemical staining method by the several antibody and western brotting method were utilized from the birth to the15th day. The results were as followings. 1. The body and cerebellum weights were more slowly increase of the the 2.5 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group compare to the control group, and the health condition of the 2.5 Gy group was a little bad. but the 10 Gy group was more severe and begun to die from the 12th day after birth. 2. The thickness, proliferation and migration of the 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy irradiated external granular cells from the maginal zone to the medullary area forming the molecular layer from the 6th day to the 15th day after birth were thinner, weaker and more slower according to the radiated dosages than the control group in the cresyl violet staining. 3. The proliteration, migration and lobulation of the 5 Gy radiated groups from the first day to the 15th day after birth were more weak, incomplete and irregular shape in the immunostaining with Dab, Cdk5, P35, calbindin and Zebrin antibody. 4. In the western blotting analysis using the Reelin, Dab, Cdk5 and P35 antibody. The Bands were in the 60 KD, 80 KD, 33 KD and 35 KD, and there were no differences between the control and irradiated groups in the molecular band except the Reelin. 5. As a results, the proliferation and migration of the outer granular and purkinje cells, and lobulation of the cerebellum by the several dosaege of the ${\gamma}$-ray radiation were proportionally incomplete according to dosage.