입원한 만성질환자 가족의 부담감과 우울정도에 관한 연구

김성화,최순희 中央醫學社 1995 中央醫學 Vol.60 No.10

The goal of this study is to explore the factors influencing the degrees of burden and depression of family caregivers in inpatients with chronic disease. The subjects of this study were 103 caregivers, one of family members of the chronic disease patients diagnosed with brain injury, chronic respiratory disease or chronic circulatory disease and hospitalized for more than 7 days. The data were collected from September 20 to October 10, 1994 through interview with questionnaires. The data were analyzed by the use of frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The range of total burden scores was 30 to 120 and the mean score of that was 63.84. The range of total depression score was 0 to 63 and the mean scores of that was 19.88. 2. The total burden scores showed significant difference in the variables of marital status(F=9.05, p=.003), educational level(F=4.05, p=.009), occupation(F=4.21, p=.043), familial relationship(F=4.64, p=.012) and responsibly for supporting patient(F=4.57, p =.013), duration of hospitalization(F=3.34, p =.039) and dependency of patient(F=22.99, p =.000). 3. The depression scores showed significant difference in the variable of health condition of family caregivers (F=5.53, p=.005), duration of hospitalization(F=3.84, p=.025) and dependency of patient(F=9.12, p=.000). 4. The social support score showed a negative correlation with caregiver's burden(r= 209, p=.034) and depression(r=-.306, p=.002). The caregiver's burden score showed positive correlation with depression(r=.494, p= .000). 5. By using stepwise multiple regression analysis it was determined that the main influencing factors on the degree of burden were 'dependency of patient', 'familial relationship', 'frequency of contact', 'number of networks' and 'aid'. These variables made it possible to explain 45.80 % of variance in burden. 6. By using stepwise multiple regression analysis it was determined that main influencing factors on the degree of depression were 'burden', 'health condition', 'number of networks', 'dependency of patient' acid 'financial burden'. These variables made it possible to explain 40.95 % of variance in depression.

Amphotericin B 크림 밀봉요법으로 치유된 색소분아진균증 1예

김성화,오수희,최성관,이영헌,윤준혁,방용준,서순봉 대한의진균학회 2000 대한의진균학회지 Vol.5 No.3

We report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 65 year-old woman. She had a 3×4 cm sized, annular, erythematous, plaque with crusts and ulcers on the right lower arm. The lesion had grown slowly for 2 years. In fungal and histopathologic examinations, several muriform cells were found in dermis as well as in scales and crusts on the lesional skin surface. Isolated fungus was identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi. We treated the patient occlusive dressing of amphotericin B (3%) ointment for 8 weeks and achieved a good response without any evidence of recurrence. We propose that the occlusive dressing therapy of amphotericin B cream is a good modality among the various treatments of small localized chromoblastomycosis. [Kor J Med Mycol 5(3): 144-149]

동사 유의어 연구 (6) : '견디다/참다' 'Chamta/Kyentita'

김성화 釜山敎育大學校 1995 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.31 No.1

1. Synonymy doesn't say the common meaning of two proper words which compose synonymic pair, but it means that the higher notion binds to proper word into one category. 2. 'Keynti-' and 'Cham-' become one synonymic pair under the higher notion of overcoming negative situation. 3. 'Keynti-' means that one overcomes supporting negative physical situations with physical strength or given conditions and 'Cham-' means that one overcomes suppressing negative psychological situation with mental power or given conditions. Negative physical situation is overcomed by supporting. So, the basic meaning of 'Keynti-' is summarized to physical subjugation ('supporting') and that of 'Cham-' is summarized to mental subjugation('suppressing'). 4. when 'Keynti-' combines with non--personal subject or personal subject, it means overcoming by supporting with physical strength of agent, not suppressing negative physical situation with mental power. 5. When 'Cham-' combines with psychological subject or physiological subject, it means overcoming by suppressing with mental power not supporting the negative psychological situation with physical strength of agent.

독일 행정전자화의 운영체계에 관한 검토

김성화 감사연구원 2022 감사논집 Vol.- No.38

In Germany, the concept of electronic administration took place on a broad level of administrative and fiscal structural reform in the late 1990s. Initially, digital transformation was carried out individually by various projects of central and local government, but in order to effectively promote the administrative digitization, various legislative measures were implemㅁented in Germany, it was revised the Constitution Law (Constitution) in 2009, the Electronic Government Act in 2013, and the Online Access Act in 2017. As these legislative measures are in progress, the German federal government and state administrative agencies are systematically promoting integrated digitization. In particular, the Federal inistry of Finance is in charge of the integrated IT operation of federal administrative agencies, and the Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs is in charge of coordinating the work to develop solutions. This article examines the history of dministrative electronics in Germany, the enactment and revision of the Constitution Law, the Electronic Government Act, and the Online Access Act, seeks to the operating system and cooperation cases of administrative electronics of the German federal and state governments that have recently been converted to digital systems. 독일에서 행정의 전자화라는 개념은 1990년대 후반에 행정 및 재정의 구조 개혁이라는 넓은 차원에서 이루어졌다. 처음에는 연방정부 및 주정부의 행정기관의 프로젝트에 의하여 개별적으로 전자화가 실시되었지만, 행정의 전자화를 실효적으로 추진하기 위하여 독일에서는 2009년 기본법(헌법)의 개정 및 2013년 전자정부법의 제정, 2017년 온라인접속법의 제정 등이 이루어졌다. 이러한 입법적 조치가 진행됨에 따라 현재 독일에서 연방정부와 주정부의 행정기관은 통합전자화를 체계적으로 추진하고 있다. 특히 연방 재무부는 연방행정기관의 통합적인 IT운용업무를 담당하고 있으며, 연방 내무부는 해당 업무에 대하여 기술적인솔루션을 개발하기 위한 조정업무 등을 담당하고 있다. 이 글에서는 1990년대 이후 독일에서의 행정전자화의 연혁을 살펴보고, 독일 기본법의 개정 및 관련 법률인 전자정부법과 온라인접근법의 제정 현황을 구체적으로 검토하였다. 또한 최근 디지털체계로 전환되고 있는 독일 연방정부와 주정부의 행정전자화의 운영체계로서 연방정부와 주정부의 개별 운영기관 및 통합기구, IT기획협의회, IT협력기관 등을 고찰하였다. 그리고 독일 연방정부와 주정부의 협력사례를 통하여 행정전자화 및 디지털에 따른 행정서비스와 행정서비스의 데이터 관리 및 코로나19에 따른 디지털화 대응조치 등을 살펴보았다. 한편, 독일에서 행정전자화에 관한 연방정부와 주정부의 관계를 고찰함으로써 향후 우리나라에서 지방자치제도의 발전에 따른 중앙정부와 지방정부의 행정전자화의 협력체계에 관한 시사점을 제시하였다.

독일 감염병예방법의 개정에 따른 기본권 제한

김성화 법제처 2022 법제 Vol.699 No.-

In order to cope with the rapid spread of COVID-19, the Infectious Disease Prevention Act was revised in Germany in 2011 as an executive order restricting individual behavior. Amid fierce confrontation over the pros and cons of restricting basic rights under the German Constitution, various discussions were held in parliament and academia in Germany as federal and state regulations included measures to significantly limit basic rights such as freedom of movement and freedom of assembly. In addition, the German Federal Constitutional Court's decision approaches infringement of basic rights under state legal orders in a harmonious way, does not recognize unconditional prohibition of assembly or worship under COVID-19, and discusses guaranteeing basic rights as much as possible while considering specific circumstances in individual cases. This is also a balanced review of individual freedom of action, freedom of business, and freedom of residence while respecting freedom of life and body even in urgent and dangerous situations. In the situation of COVID-19, various problems have been raised as individual basic rights and personal information are continuously limited and exposed in terms of public interest, and discussions on German legal orders have many implications for our legal system. In particular, federal law will minimize state intervention in basic rights and protect individual basic rights even if there is a need for emergency legislation. On the other hand, the practical meaning of the state legislature's involvement in the legal order enactment procedure in Germany is to secure transparency, balance and check through discussion in the open parliament, and give legitimacy to measures to limit basic rights. How to approach each legal order when the discussion of each legal order is different in the federal and state will also be an important implication in the formation of our policy in the future.

Chemical changes and antioxidant activities of heated whole barley extracts

김성화,라진욱,서희빈,이윤희,양승옥,이재환 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.9

Chemical profiles of ethanolic (70%) and aqueousextracts of whole barley heated at 150, 190, and 230 Cwere analyzed by GC–MS and their antioxidant propertieswere studied in vitro, in bulk oil, or in an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion systems. More chemicals were detected in theethanolic extract than in the aqueous extract from heatedbarley; heating decreased the contents of detected chemicals. Organic acids, mono- and di-saccharides, sugaralcohols, and glycerol were the major chemicals detectedin both the extracts. Ethanolic extracts possessed higherin vitro antioxidant activities than the aqueous extracts. However, this trend was not clearly observed in the bulk oiland O/W emulsion. For O/W emulsions, ethanolic extractsobtained following heating at 150 C prevented lipid oxidationbetter than others. Therefore, heat treatment at150 C is recommended to enhance the antioxidant activitiesof whole barley.

독일 유한책임보증회사의 상업등기신청에 관한 연구

김성화 한국무역보험학회 2017 무역보험연구 Vol.18 No.4

There are differences to make a commercial register when it comes to establishes an overseas branch in prominent countries. In particular, it is doubtful whether the company, such as, private company limited or private company limited by guarantee in the UK that has withdrawn from the European Union (EU) in 2016 should make the same decision as before when it establishes overseas branches in EU. Moreover, it could have occurred broad differences and distinctions from the legal system of commercial registers between one country in which the main office of the company is located and another country in which the overseas branch is established, For example, if the branch office of ‘private company limited by guarantee’ under the UK Companies Act of 2006 is established in Germany, it could be provided contrasting views on the subject of accepting the commercial register in Germany. The reason for this is that, in accordance with Article 13e of the German Commercial Act, when private company limited by guarantee with the main office in the UK established the branch office in Germany, there was a decision of the Dresden High Court in Germany on January 2016 that it permitted to make the commercial register of branch office of private company limited by guarantee in Germany. In this article, it examines the judgment of the Dresden High Court in 2016, and since the private company limited by guarantee under the UK Companies Act differs from the limited liability company in Germany, it seeks to give a highly integrated view on the judgment without conflicting with the existing legislation in a larger perspective. Therefore, by examining the decision of the Dresden High Court which allows the registration of the branch office in Germany, it would offer some proposals for prospective legislations of the commercial register in Korea. There are many controversies of their effectiveness by defects of procedural requirements so that it has a thorough grasp of the formal problems of the registration of the branch office, and it is necessary to take a systematic framework into considerations that is appropriate for Commercial Act in Korea. 국내에 본점을 두고 있는 회사가 외국에 지점을 설립할 경우 상업등기를 할 수 있는지에 관하여 국가마다 다소 상이하다. 특히 2016년 유럽연합(EU)에서 탈퇴한 영국의 기업이 기존 유럽연합의 다른 국가에 지점을 설립할 경우 이를 기존과 동일하게 판단하여야 하는지 의문이다. 만일 지점을 설립하는 국가와 해당 본점을 두고 있는 국가의 법제가 상이할 경우, 예컨대 영국 회사법상의 ‘유한책임보증회사’에 대한 지점을 독일에 개설할 때, 이를 상업등기부에 등기할 수 있는지 문제된다. 그 이유는 독일 상법 제13e조에 의하여 외국에 본점을 둔 자본회사가 독일에 지점을 개설할 경우, 독일의 상업등기부에 등기할 수 있는지에 관한 2016년 독일 드레스덴고등법원의 판결이 있었기 때문이다. 이 글에서는 영국의 유한책임보증회사와 독일의 유한회사의 법적 체계가 다르기 때문에 독일에서 영국 회사법상의 유한책임보증회사의 지점의 등기신청을 거부한 관할등기법원의 견해와 달리, 유한책임보증회사와 유한회사의 일정한 유사성을 인정하여 독일 내에 영국의 유한책임보증회사의 지점에 대한 등기를 허용한 드레스덴고등법원의 판결에 대한 주요 내용과 그 문제점을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 특히 향후 영국의 EU 탈퇴(이른바 ‘Brexit’) 이후 발생할 수 있는 법적용의 문제를 검토하면서 독일에서 유한책임보증회사의 취급 문제로서 논의될 수 있는 것으로 이미 독일의 상업등기부에 등기되어 있는 유한책임보증회사를 어떻게 처리할 것인지의 문제와 영국의 EU 탈퇴 이후에 유한책임보증회사가 독일에 지점의 등기를 요구할 경우 종전과 마찬가지의 규정에 의하여 등기를 수용할 수 있느냐의 문제에 대하여 살펴보면서 개선안을 제시하였다.

EU탄소국경조정제도의 제도적 특징과 WTO협정의 정합성

김성화 무역구제학회 2022 무역구제연구 Vol.0 No.64

The EU's industrial policy in 2020 aims to improve the EU's industrial competitiveness and strategic autonomy based on the environmental and digital policies of 2019. In order to strengthen industrial competitiveness, it is not a protectionist policy to strengthen trade barriers or protect vulnerable industries, but a principle that the EU needs regional and international competitiveness, and by utilizing the influence and integration of the EU single market. Therefore, EU environmental policy and digital policy are new preventive measures against carbon emission regulation, and discussions have been raised on the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment System (CBAM) in both the environmental and industrial policy sectors. As a result, a new industrial strategy and a single market policy were announced in March 2020, and a bill on the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Rule was announced in July 2021. These changes in industrial policy are aimed at comprehensive measures to change the existing social perception of the climate crisis and cause massive changes in the overall social and economic structure. Therefore, in this article, after examining the institutional background of the carbon border adjustment system in the EU and the main contents of the EU carbon border adjustment rules, the consistency with the WTO agreement was reviewed. 2020년 EU의 산업정책은 2019년의 환경정책과 디지털정책을 근간으로 하여 EU의 산업경쟁력과 전략적 자율성을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이는 산업경쟁력을 강화하기 위하여 무역장벽의 강화나 취약산업을 보호하는 보호주의적 정책이 아니라, EU의 역내 및 국제적인 경쟁력이 필요하다는 원칙을 제시하고, EU 단일시장의 영향력과 통합을 활용하여 국제법상 통합규칙의 형성을 주도함으로써 산업경쟁력 등을 향상시킨다는 방침이다. 따라서 EU위원회는 환경정책과 디지털정책에서 탄소배출규제에 대한 새로운 방지책으로 환경부문 및 산업정책부문 양측에서 탄소국경조정제도(CBAM) 도입 논의를 제기하였다. 그 결과, 2020년 3월에 EU위원회는 新산업전략과 단일시장정책을 발표하였고, 2021년 7월에는 「EU탄소국경조정규칙」에 관한 법안을 공표하였다. 이러한 EU산업정책의 변화는 기후위기에 대한 기존 사회인식을 변화시키고, 사회 및 경제구조 전반의 대규모의 변화를 야기하려는 종합대책을 지향하고 있다. 그러므로 이 글에서는 종래 EU탄소배출권거래제도를 재검토하면서 EU탄소국경조정제도의 제도적 배경과 EU탄소국경조정규칙의 주요 내용을 살펴본 후에 WTO협정 등과의 정합성을 검토하였다.

Trichophyton verrucosum에 의한 수발 백선 3예 : Report of 3 Cases

김성화,오수희,최성관,전재복,서순봉 대한의진균학회 1997 대한의진균학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Although there has been recently noted a nation-wide spread of Trichophyton verrucosum infection in cattle associated with promoted stock raising and dairy farming, there were no case reports in Korean dermatologic literature describing the characteristic clinical features of tinea barbae caused by that particular fungus. We report 3 cases of tinea barbae due to T. verrucosum that developed in male stock farmers breeding cattle. One patient aged 37, experienced acutely inflamed boggy tumors on the chin and sub-mandible. The others aged 43 and 46 experienced inflammatory lesions with multiple follicular pustules, crusts and loss of hairs on their upper lips. They were successfully treated with oral griseofulvin and local antifungal ointment combined with short-term oral antibiotics or corticosteroid for about one month.

中國 延邊地域 "西部大開發"投資의 法的 課題

김성화 경기대학교연구교류처 2003 大學院 論文集 Vol.31 No.-