벤지딘 염료공장 노동자들의 혈뇨

손미아,백도명,최정근,박수경,박정순,오세민,박정선,박동욱,Son, Mi-A.,Paek, Do-Myung,Choi, Jung-Kun,Park, Su-Kyeong,Park, Jung-Soon,Oh, Se-Min,Park, Jung-Sun,Park, Dong-Ook 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.1

Benzidine Industry in Korea has started after Japan has banned its production in early 1970's, and it has been in operation in Korea for over 20 years. However, it is not known yet whether any bladder cancer has developed from benzidine exposure. This study was done to screen benzidine-exposed workers for bladder cancer, and to examine the feasibility of employing screening test at the workplace. All the workplaces that manufacture or use benzidine for more than 20 years in Korea have been covered in this study, and they include 2 benzidine manufacturing factories, 5 benzidine using factories, as well as 2 benzidine free factories as an outside control. In total, 516 workers were screened with urine stick test and urine cytology test for the evidence of hematuria and abnormal urothelial cells. Each worker was also asked about risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer including past medical history, smoking, medication and occupational history Benzidine in the air was measured by personal and area sampling. Out of 516 screened workers, 84(16.3%) workers showed positive hematuria in urine stick test, and 7(1.4%) workers showed degenerative cells in urine cytology tests. Those workers with abnormal urine test results who have been exposed to benzidine fo more than 10 years were further screened, and, in total, 23 workers were examined with intra-venous pyelography and cystoscopy. None of those screened had any evidence of bladder cancer When workers with only past hematuria history were included in the positive hematuria group, 96(18.5%) had positive hematuria. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, positive hematuria was significantly associated with benzidine exposure, history of other occupations with elevated bladder cancer risk, pyuria and glycosuria. The association got stronger as direct benzidine exposure was accounted through individual task analysis, and as exposure duration was accounted with tenure analysis. For those with benzidine exposure with more than 10 years of tenure, the odds of having positive hematuria was elevated 2.14(95%C.I is 1.08 to 4.25) times more than for those without exposure. Even though bladder cancer was not detected for several limitations including short observation period, majority of studied workers with short latency, healthy worker effect, and low sensitivity of single screening test in a cross-sectional study, the study results suggest that hematuria screening is a feasible and very useful test for bladder cancer screening among benzidine exposed workers.

액정 폴리에스테르/PEN 블렌드 섬유의 성질

김원 ( Won Kim ),김영용 ( Young Yong Kim ),손정선 ( Jung Sun Son ),윤두수 ( Doo Soo Yun ),한철 ( Chul Han ),최재곤 ( Jae Kon Choi ),조병욱 ( Byung Wook Jo ) 한국고무학회 2002 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.37 No.4

주사슬에 나프탈렌고리와 테트라메틸렌 및 헥사메틸렌 유연격자를 가지면서 트라이어드 메소겐을 갖는 새로운 열방성 방향족 액정 폴리에스테르(TLCP)를 용액중합법에 의하여 합성하였다. TLCP의 함량을 달리하는 TLCP/PEN in situ 복합재료를 용융방사하여 연신비가 각각 다른 단섬유를 제조하고 그들의 열적, 기계적 특성 및 모폴로지를 조사하였다. 합성된 TLCP는 네마틱 액정중합체였으며 고체상에서 액정상으로의 전이 온도는 249 ℃였다. 블렌드내의 TLCP 도메인들은 매트릭스 고분자인 PEN에 잘 분산 되었으며 어떠한 거대 상 분리 현상도 보여 주지 않았다. TLCP 함량의 증가에 따른 블렌드내 PEN의 cold crystallization 온도가 낮아진 것으로 보아서 TLCP가 PEN에 대한 조핵제 역할을 하였음을 알 수 있었다. 블렌드 섬유내의 TLCP의 도메인 크기는 대략 40 ~ 50 nm정도의 미세한 크기였으며 매트릭스와의 사이에 좋은 계면접착력을 보였다. 또한 cold 및 hot-drawing 과정을 거친 낮은 draw ratio(DR)에서는 거의 fibril이 형성되지 않았지만, 높은 DR에서는 잘 발달된 fibril들을 보여 주었다. TLCP의 강화효과로 인하여 10 wt% TLCP/ PEN 블렌드 섬유의 초기 모듈러스는 270 %, 인장강도는 235 %의 증가를 보여주었다. 반면에 신장률은 DR의 증가와 함께 감소 하였다. A thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP) which has flexible butylene/hexylene spacers in the main chain and a triad aromatic ester type mesogenic unit containing a naphthyl group was prepared by solution polycondensation. The in-situ composites based on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)(PEN) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP) were prepared and melt spun at different TLCP contents and different draw ratios to produce monofilaments. Blends of the TLCP with PEN were investigated in terms of thermal, mechanical properties and morphology. The TLCP synthesized showed nematic mesophasic behavior and its transition temperature to isotropic melt from mesophase was 249℃. The blends showed well dispersed TLCP phases in the PEN matrix without macroscopic phase separation. Inclusion of TLCP in theblends decreased the cold crystallization temperature of PEN in the blend, therefore, the TLCP acts as a nucleating agent in the blend and showed good interfacial adhesion between the dispersed LCP phases and PEN matrix with domain sizes 40~50 nm in diameter and well developed fibrillation in the monofilaments. The TLCP acted effectively as a reinforcing material in the PEN matrix at the 10wt% level, it led to an increase of initial modulus up to 270% and tensile strength by 235%, while the elongation rate increasing with higher draw ratios.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

事實婚에 關한 小考

孫湞仙 湖南大學校 1985 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The De Facto marriage means the marriage without formal registration which is socially and customarily well accepted yet not recognized as de jure or valid in law. Korean family law adopted the system of registered marriage in 1923 and the current Civil code adopted the same system, providing in the Act 812 that. 1) A marriage shall take effect by submission of a report there of in accordance with provision of the Family Registry Act. 2) The report mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be submitted in writing with the joint signature of both parties and two witness of full age. In Korea, even if a couple should get married pubicly and lead and actual married life, ir the marriage is not registered it is not legally valid. However, this de facto marriage is actually the same as the registered legal marriage except for the fact that it is not registered. Although de facto marriages are deeply-rooted customary practice and socially accepted rightful, they are excluded from all the protections provided for registered marriages under the current family law. The de facto wife is not entitled to inherit the property of the husband in case of his death. Also, the children born to the de facto couple are not recognized as legitimate and hence disqualified for all the rights given to the legitimate in law. That is, the de facto couple is forced to suffer many sort of ill-treatment in law. Recently legal theories and courts have increasing by shown efforts to provide means of protection for de facto marriage, especially the de facto wife, and some newly enacted social welfare laws provide certain protection even in case of de facto marriage. However they are not sufficiently satisfactory. Some legislative remedies are proposed in this article for more satisfactory protection of the de facto wife. Specifically the first is a proposal to enact a law which does not permit dissolution of the de facto marriage at will otherwise than it meets the certain requirements provided by law. The second suggestion is to have the de facto husband punished for adultery when he takes another woman as wife. The third is to give the de facto wife the right to inherit her husband's property.

財産分割請求權에 관한 小考

孫湞仙 湖南大學校 1984 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Under our existing civil law, in the case of divorce, only the defective of side's responsibility of compensation for the other's financial and mental damages is authorized, not claim of property-division. In the present condition where claim of property division is not athorized, the conjugal relations apparently seem to secure the freedom of divorce, but indeed for wives who have little financial self-supporting ability, they have no choice but submit to a miserable marriage life because of living-threat from divorce. Especially a divorced wife's claim of property-division is not authorized in the process of property division after divorce, only because all the property is registered in the name of her husband, despite the fact that the formation of their property is made by mutual effort during marriage life. Thus it is appropriate, form the viewpoint of the world's legislation tendency, that joint property formed by hasband and a wife during marriage life should be divided justly in divorce according to his or her degree of contribution, or the one side with enough property and living-ability should support the other with no measure for living, and it is considered to correspond to the equilibrium principle of substantial sex-equality and social justice. For the reason, the property-division claim by a divorce must be legislated in our civil law as soon as posible

住宅賃貸借保護法에 관한 考察

孫偵仙 호남대학교 1986 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Nowadays many people lacking in their own house generally hold the other's by lease to take up their residence. Most of them can hardly stand in competition with the third person by dint only of their rights on account that they have no other choice but depending upon contact. In consequence, they are frequently compelled to suffer damage beyand their disposal. Accordingly, it is required that the fragile lessee should be protected from being taken unfair dealing to. Our government enacted "on the protectionof leaseing a Dwelling House". I will analyze and investigate the prlblems here and furthermore Suggest a better plan by which I wish the intention of Housing lease protection Law could be fulfilled. I studied the improvements of this law here. 1. Although this law is applied to the lease of the combination using for shop and residence, I think its application should be expanded to the poor merchant, leasehold business buildings or offices. 2. This law allows a lessee the Power of Antaganism When he occupy the leasehold houses and register his residence. But the vacuum is left between the occupancy of it and the resident registration. So I think a lessee should be allowed the Power of Antaganism as soon as he occupy it. 3. The government should introduce the Permanent Lease House Which is prevalent in Europe and support the building company which largely construct the Permanent Lease House or Apartment.

내과계 중환자실의 다빈도 사용 약물에 의한 유해 사례 조사 연구

김경애,정선회,이혜숙,손인자 한국병원약사회 2009 병원약사회지 Vol.26 No.2

Abstract: The patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) are known to have more Adverse Drug Events(ADEs), but there are few voluntary ADE reports from ICU. The objective of this study was to form the basis of active ADE monitoring system by reviewing the charts of medical ICU patients who took high-use drugs in a university hospital rcu. We reviewed charts of patients who were in the MICU between January 1^(st) and July 31^(st) in 2007, and obtained ADEs for high-use drugs. High-use drugs were defined as the top fifty percent drugs of the quantities of prescrip-tion except for fluids , and they were dopamine, midazolam, salbutamol nebulizer, ipratropium nebulizer, vecuronium, furosemide, dobutamine, norepinephrine, nafamostat, NaHC03, ambroxol and KCl. Adverse drug events were defined as adverse drug reactions on Drug Information Handbook and CCIS. Probability and the severity of the ADE were decided by the Naranjo algo-rithm and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(CTCAE) version 3. We checked patients who matched for the ADE laboratory test signal which was set in the hospital. 37(12.2%) of 303 patients went through 44 ADEs(1O.6 events per 1000 patient days). The average age of ADE-suffering-patient was 65.1 , 20(54.1%) patients were women. The medication which is asso-ciated with the most ADEs(14 , 31.8%) was furosemide and the most frequent event(5, 11.4%) was hypokalemia. All the ADEs were possible or probable at Naranjo scale, and 36(8 1.8%) cases were moderate or severe in severity. There were 5(11.4%) cases that might be preventable Adverse Drug Events. Therefore it would be possible to use drugs more safely if Adverse Drug Events are moni-tored systemically in the ICU.

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor의 간독성 평가

이정란,정선회,이혜숙,손인자,오정미 韓國病院藥師會 2008 병원약사회지 Vol.25 No.3

First statin approved by U.S Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in 1987 was Lovastatin and the statins are now one of the most widely prescribed classes of medications. The statins have shown evidence of reducing coronary heart disease events, but on the other hand they have been implicated in causing complications in muscle, liver and kidney. There’re no papers about hepatotoxicity in Koreans even though there’re a lot of papers about muscle-toxicity at home and abroad. So we have studied to assess the risk of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities with Koreans using statin. We retrospectively reviewed of Electronic Medical Records(EMR) of 12,860 new users of six statins(Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, Pitavastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin) during the period 1 May 2003 through 30 April 2006 in Seoul National University Hospital(SNUH).The patients in their 60s were the largest population (36.6%) and 55% of them were female. The spread of patients of statins indicated 30.4%, 2.2%, 8.7%, 1.1%, 10.6% and 47.0% in Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, Pitavastatin, Rosuvastatin and Simvastatin, respectively. Assessing LFT abnormalities, among the patients, 26.1% were more than mild(AST or ALT >40), 5.6% were more than moderate(AST or ALT >80) and 1.7% were more than severe(ALT or ALT >120). Especially, we’ve analyzed the data of Severe(AST or ALT >120) LFT abnormalities by using ‘Ranking by Clinical Significance of the Definition of Liver Function Test’to estimate hepatotoxicity clearly. This trial has revealed same result that all six statins have effecting severe hepatotoxicity around 1% with papers reported abroad. Also severe hepatotoxicity was related with dose but with age(p<0.05). Severe hepatotoxicity is uncommon and is reported in less than 1% of the statins therapy but it is related with dose, it is important to check LFT periodically in case of high dose therapy.

서울대학교병원에서의 희귀의약품 사용현황 분석

홍은정,유성희,정선회,박경호,손인자,조윤경,구현민,장영수 韓國病院藥師會 2004 병원약사회지 Vol.21 No.2

Orphan drugs are used for rare disease, the number of domestic patients suffering from such disease being no more than 20,000 or for disease for which no treatment or no alternative medicine is yet. Orphan drugs are supplied by pharmaceutical companies or by Korea Orphan Drug Center(KODC). Presently, there are total 93 kinds of orphan drugs designated as such by the relevant laws, and Seoul National University Hospital(SNUH) has 49 kinds(53%) of them(as of June 2003). The purpose of this study was to analyze usage of orphan drugs prescribed by SNUH and to improve of the related pharmacy services for effective treatment of patents of the rare disease. We analyzed usage of orphan drugs inside and outside of SNUH, gender of patients, related clinical departments and frequency of use for the period from Jan. 2001 to June 2003. For the purpose, we used KODC data of use by patients in SNUH. The use of orphan drugs in SNUH sharply increased from 2000 through 2001 and was steadily increasing since then. The ratio of usage inside to outside SNUH was 92 to 8(as of June 2003). The clinical department that prescribed the orphan drugs most frequently was the internal medicine department(74~84%). The most frequently used drugs were antiviral agents(74%, oral drug) and antineoplastics(58%, injectable drug). KODC supplied 6 kinds of orphan drugs in 2002 and 4 kinds in the first half of 2003 to SNUH patients. The proportion of SNUH patients to the total patients who used orphan drugs supplied by KODC was very variable. (dantrolen 0.46% ~ ganciclovir 50.5%).

우리나라 일부 석면사업장의 석면폐 유병률

백도명,백남원,최정근,손미아,임정기,이원진,문영한,박정선,최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Asbestos industry has been in operation over 60 years in Korea. However, the prevalence of asbestosis has not been yet reported. With rapid turn-over of workers, previous cross-sectional studies of current workers on the job could not find cases with exposures long enough for the development of asbestosis. This study was done to evaluate asbestosis prevalence of those worksites with operation history of more than 20 years. In total, 139 workers from 5 worksites were examined. Asbestos industries covered in the study include 2 asbestos textile, 1 brake lining, and 2 ship repairing worksites. Chest x-ray was taken from all workers and read by two experts familiar with pneumoconiosis classification according to 1980 ILO guidelines. Those with findings compatible with asbestosis were further ckecked with high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT). Pulmonary function tests were done according to ATS guidelines, and occupational and previous medical history was taken through a standardized interview. Air-borne asbestos was measured according to NIOSH method 7400. The air-borne asbestos concentrations ranged from 0.2-1.3 f/cc for asbestos textile, from 0.7-1.0 f/cc for brake lining, and from 6.3-7.8 f/cc during asbestos removal at ship repairing worksite. Of the 139 workers 25 had abnormal chest radiographic findings, and 10 of them had findings compatible with pneumoconiosis. When work history and current asbestos measurements were accounted, 9 workers who had more than 10 years of asbestos exposure history showed chest radiographic findings of pneumoconiosis with Finally, 4 workers showed finding of pulmonary fibrosis and/or pleural thickening at HRCT, and 2 of them had restrictive lung function changes. The study results showed that, among 139 subjects, there were 4(3%) definite asbestosis cases confirmed with HRCT. The prevalence of probable asbestosis was 7% for 10-14 years of exposure, 13% for 15-19 years of exposure, and 23% for 20 or more years of exposure. The prevalence of compensable asbestosis with abnormal lung function was 4-6% for those with 15 or more years of exposure.