신경회로망을 이용한 오프라인 필기체 한글 인식

박경우,방상원,고형대 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1993 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

인간이 받아들이는 정보를 컴퓨터에 자연스럽게 전달하기 위한 수단에 대한 요구 증대로 광학 문자 인식 및 음성 인식에 관한 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인공 신경망을 이용하여 크기, 이동, 왜곡 등의 변형을 허용하는 필기체 한글 문자 인식 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 자음 학습을 위하여 국소적 ��향 기여도를 계산하여 이들 간의 2차 상관 관계를 사용하였으며, 모음 학습을 위하여 기학학적 특징을 사용하였다. 신경회로망에 사용된 학습 규칙은 오류역전과 학습 규칙(error back-propagation learning rule)을 사용하였다. 제한된 한글 인식 실험을 통하여 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템이 크기, 이동, 왜곡 등의 변형을 허용할 수 있음을 보이고, 필기체 한글 인식에 사용될 수 있음을 보였다. Researches on optical character recognition and speech recognition are actively being conducted because of the increased need for a seamless method of computer input of data as humans perceive them. In this paper, we design and implement a Korean character recognition system, which allows translation, acaling and distortion of handwritten Koreans, with an artficial neural network system. For learning Korean consonants, it used the second order correlations among the local directional contribution(LDC) and geometrical characteristics for learning the vowels. The learning rule for the system is an error back-propagation rule. The results the partially restricted simulation show that the system is well suited for the transformation of scaling, translation and distortion, and show the possibilities of recognizing handwritten Korean characters.

다발성 대장암 간전이 환자의 간절제를 위한 새로운 시도

주종우,김형철,임철완,신응진,조규석,유기원,송옥평,홍대식,박성진,조준희,이혜경,김희경,권계원,고은석 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Multiple bilobar liver matastases (MBLM) are the main cause of low resectability in the colon cancer liver metastases. The authors experienced one case of initially non-resectable colon cancer liver metastases. He was curatively and safely treated with a two-stage hepatectomy using the new method of future remnant liver volume growing. A 54-year-old man was referred to our department with the sigmoid colon cancer combined with MBLM, which were checked in two small metastatic lesions in the left lobe and five large sized lesions in the right lobe in the computed tomogram (CT). A laparoscopic assisted anterior resection was primarily performed. We performed the 1^(st) stage hepatectomy 3 weeks after the colon resection. Intra-operative Ultrasonogram (US) found 9 small superficial metastatic lesions in the left lobe. All that lesions were completely removed by non-anatomical wedge resection. An occlusion ballon catheter was placed in the right portal vein through a small branch of the inferior mesenteric vein at that time. The future remnant liver volume was sufficiently increased 3 weeks after the 1^(st) hepatectomy. A right hepatectomy was safely performed 22 days after the 1^(st) hepatectomy. The patient received a regional chemotherapy (interleukin2 based immuno-chemotherapy through hepatic artery) for 4 months, then received 9 cycles of systemic chemotherapy (biweekly Oxaliplation, leucovorin, plus 5-fluorouracil) without any recurrence evidence.

효율적인 컴포넌트 개발을 위한 확장 객체지향 분석 및 설계

왕기철,박경우,고형대 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1999 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

Component Based Development(CBD) is an emerging paradigm of software development. Its goal is composing an application with plug & play software components on the frameworks. This CBD requires existing software analysis and design approaches to be reconsidered. In this paper. we present the extended method from Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. To provide a clear separation of component specification form its design and implementation. we add interface design step and component implementation design step to the process of Object-Oriented Methodology. To provide a method of tracking each step in the development process, we add "use case-behavior-control object-interface mapping table", "component-interface-implementation class mapping table", and "interface-implementation class-integrated implementation class mapping table" to the Object-Oriented Models. Object-Oriented Models could be easily re-engineered to Component System Models by the proposed method. Component System Models also could be easily back tracked by the proposed method.

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

직무스트레스와 뇌 · 심혈관계질환의 관련성

황창국,고상백,장세진,박종연,차봉석,현숙정,박준호,이강명,차경태,박우진,전형준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

口眼渦斜 患者의 Gadolinium-DPTA enhanced MRI 所見에 대한 臨床的 考察

김재수,최우석,김용석,고형균,강성길,김창환 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

This study is designed to evaluate the clinical implications of Gd-DPTA (Gadolinium-diethyl - enetriamine pentacetic acid) enhanced MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging) in Bell's palsy and find it's usefulness in Oriental Medicine In this study, 25 outpatients with Bell's palsy were studied that MRI was performed. To evaluate degree of facial palsy, H-B(House-Brackmann) Grade was used. In Oriental Medical therapy, Acupuncture and Herbal medicine were treated. Subjective causes was divided into exposure to chill, fatigue, stress, mixed cases. Enhanced site was compared with symptoms which were disorder of eye, hearing, taste, and facial muscle palsy. Also, Relation between time which was performed MRI and enhancement was analyzed. The enhanced lesion in MRI was divided into five segments; Internal auditory canal, Labyrinthine segment, Geniculate ganglion, Tympanic segment, Mastoid segment. In Bell's palsy, 20 of 25 patients(80%) had abnormal contrast enhancement of the facial nerve. The H-B grade and interval performed MRI from onset were directly proportionate to enhancement. That is to say, Severe facial palsy short interval show high possibility of enhancement. There was no relation between subjective causes and enhanced site of facial nerve in MRI. Also Clinical symptoms didn't coincide with MRI findings.

Orignal Paper : Effect of Vibratory Stimulation on Recovery of Muscle function from Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

( Hyung Woo Koh ),( Cheol Yong Kim ),( Gye Yoep Kim ),( Kyung Yoon Kim ),( Soo Geun Kim ),( Hong Gyun Lee ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.16 No.1

This study was designed to investigate the effect of vibratory stimulation on recovery of muscle function from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Volunteers performed 3 set of 70 % maximal voluntary eccentric muscle contraction and induced DOMS. volunteers were allocated to one of three treatment group after DOMS : groupⅠ (control), groupⅡ (ultrasound), groupⅢ (vibration). Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range Of Motion (ROM), Root Mean Square (RMS), Median frequency (MDF), Blood Serum Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were recorded at baseline, and 24, 48, 72 hours post-exercise. In MVIC measurement, there was a statistically significant difference in groupⅢ compared to groupⅠ (p < .05). In VAS measurements, there were a statistically significant difference in groupⅡ and Ⅲ compared to groupⅠ (p < .05). In ROM measurement, there was a statistically difference in groupⅡ and Ⅲ compared to group Ⅰ (p < .05). In Muscle Volume with Ultrasonography measurement, there was no statistically significant difference in any groups (p > .05). In RMS and MDF measurement, there were a statistically significant difference in groupⅡ and Ⅲ compared to groupⅠ (p < .05). In Blood samples of CK and LDH measurements, There were no statistically significant difference in any groups (p > .05). From the above result, Vibratory stimulation had a positive effect on recovery of muscle function from delayed onset muscle soreness. Further studies should be undertaken to ascertain the more effectiveness of vibratory stimulation and may be a promising treatment modality.

국내도시락 생산업체의 기기류현황 분석

고하영,신동화,강통삼,박형우 한국식생활문화학회 1987 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

서울시와 경인지역을 중심으로 도시락 생산업체 16개사를 선정하여 방문 조사한 기기류 보유 현황은 다음과 같다. 1. 조리기기는 주로 레인지, 튀김기, 국솥, 밥솥을 사용하고 있었다. 2. 전처리기기는 푸드 캇타, 푸드 슬라이서와 야채 탈피기, 야채 캇타를 주로 이용하고 있었다. 3. 냉동 냉장고는 16개사에서 모두 보유하고 있었으나 냉장고의 용량을 늘려야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 4. 살균기로 자외선 살균기를 주로 사용하고 있었으나 살균시의 능력이 부족하고 살균기의 용량이 처리량에 비해 적었다. 5. 싱크·작업대는 16개사에서 모두 보유하고 있었으나, 싱크·작업대를 품목별로 구분하여 사용할 필요가 있었다. 6. 식품을 보온하거나 가온하는 기기류는 보유율이 대체로 낮았다. 7. 스팀발생용 에너지는 가스를 많이 사용하고 있었다. 8. 운반기는 평운반기, 키친 웨건을 주로 이용하고 있었다. 9. 포장기는 �N 포장기가 주종을 이루고 있었으며 자동포장기, 집진기, 에어커텐 등의 기기류는 보완되어야 한다고 판단되었다. To determine and improve the holding machinery for the production of convenient food (Dosirak) making Company in Seoul and Kyeongkido, a survey was conducted of 16 relative companies in 1986. The majority of the holding machinery are composed to work table, sink, rice cooker and fryer. It is necessary that the machinery are reinforced like packaging machine, air cleaner, cold and refrigeration room, sanitary arrangements.

泌尿器科領域에서 Solantal^(�)의 臨床效果

禹泰炯,高聖鍵,金世景 최신의학사 1977 最新醫學 Vol.20 No.6

Solantal, a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, was administrated to 30 patients for treatment of urinary tract infection during the period from April to June 1976. Solantal was given 300-600 mg/day for one to 50 days according to the severity of the infection. The results were as follows: 1. Among 11. cases of chronic prostatitis, 4 cases were excellent and 4 cases were good results. 2. Among 3 cases of chronic epididymitis, 2 cases were good results. 3. 2 of T. U. R. cases. were excellent results. 4.Among 6 cases of acute cystitis, there were excellent in 3 cases and good in 3 cases. In 2 cases of subacute cystitis, 1 case was excellent and 1 case was good result. In 2 cases of chronic cystitis, 1 case was good result. 5. Good analgesic effect was also showed after circumcision and during cystoscopy. 6. No serious side effects were observed except mild indigestion in 1 case and slight generalized edema in 1 case.

한식의 편의식화를 위한 주방동선에 관한 연구

고하영,강통삼,박형우 한국식생활문화학회 1987 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

한식을 편의식화하기 위해서 10개 품목의 量目表 및 가공 순서를 정했다. 62.8㎡와 32.4㎡ 의 상업용 식당과 모델 식당에서, 주방기기류의 배치에 따른 작업원의 작업동선, 소요 에너지를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 62.8㎡식당의 경우 C-스토아에서 작업원의 동선, 소요시간 및 소요 에너지는 각각 1,922m, 2,986분 및 4,704㎉였고 T-스토아는 각기 2,134m, 3,173분 및 5,001.7㎉였으며 모델 식당에서는 1,704m, 2,808분 및 4,414.5㎉로 기존 주방들에 비해서 289.5㎉(6.6%)와 587.2㎉(13.3%)의 에너지가 절약되었다. 2. 32.4㎡식당의 경우 S-스토아에서 작업동선, 소요시간 및 소요 에너지는 각각 1,277m, 2,926분 및 4,588㎉였고 H-음식점에서는 1,425m, 3,108분 및 4,873.8㎉였으며 모델 주방에서는 1,167m, 2,798분 및 4,381.4㎉로 기존 주방에 비해서 206.6㎉(4.7%) 및 492.4㎉(11.2%)가 절약되었다. 3. 4개 품목은 직접 생산하고 6개 품목은 편의식화할 경우 S-스토아에서 작업동선, 소요시간 및 소요 에너지는 각기 554.7m, 972분 및 1,586㎉였고 H-음식점에서는 각각 684.7m, 991분 및 1,579.2㎉였으며 모델 주방에서는 각기 523.1m, 938분 및 1,479.5㎉로 기존 주방들에 비해서 106.5㎉(7.2%)와 99.7㎉(6.7%)의 에너지 절약 효과가 있었다. 4. 동선 절약형 시스템 주방의 경우 모델 주방에 비해서 동선은 42%, 소요 에너지는 20.4%가 절약되었다. In order to develop a convenient Korean food service system in commercial kitchen, processing procedure and recipe of 10 kinds of Korean food to be served as a convenient foods were decided. Moving distance and required energy of laborer in the commercial and model restaurants which have the area of 62.8㎡ and 32.4㎡, respectively, were measured by arranging these machinery. The results obtained were summarized as follows. In case of restaurant with the area of 62.8㎡, moving distance, working hours and required energy of laborers were 1,922m, 2,986min and 4,704㎉ in C-store, 2,134m, 3,173min and 5,001.7㎉ in T-store, and 1,704m, 2,808min and 4,414.5㎉ in model restaurant, respectively. Therefore energy requirements of the model restaurant were less 289.5㎉(4.5%) and 587.2㎉(10.1%) than those of C and T store. In case of restaurant with the area of 32.4㎡, moving distance, working hours and required energy of laborer in S store were 1,277m, 2,926min and 4,588㎉, 1,425m, 3,108min and 4,873.8㎉ in H restaurant and 1,167m, 2,798min and 4,381.4㎉ in model restaurant, respectively. Therefore energy requirements of the model restaurant were less 206.6㎉(4.7%) and 492.4㎉(11.2%) than those of S store and H restaurant. When 6 kinds of convenient foods and 4 kinds of direct cooking foods were produced, moving distance, working hours and required energy of laborer in S store were 554.7m, 972min and 1,586.0㎉, 684.7m, 991min and 1,579.2㎉ in H restaurant, 523.1m, 938min and 1,479.5㎉ in model restaurant. Therefore energy requirements of the model restaurant were less 99.7㎉(6.7%) and 106.5㎉(7.2%) than those of S store and H restaurant. In case of the energy saving system kitchen, moving distance and required energy were saved less by 42% and by 20.4% than those of model kitchen, respectively.