니체의 방법론적 해석을 통한 포퓰리즘 분석 : 원한 감정과 양심의 가책을 통한 포퓰리즘 고찰

박성진 한독사회과학회 2021 한독사회과학논총 Vol.31 No.2

포퓰리즘에 대한 무조건적인 비판은 내재적 모순을 넘어 다른 문제를 가지고 있기도 하다. 우리는 이러한 사실을 권력의 일반적인 작동방식을 보면 알 수 있다. 권력은 항상 가치를 선점하고 그 가치에 기반하여 제도와 법을 생산하는 형식으로 작동한다. 지금의 ‘포퓰리즘’에 대한 부정적 평가도 이러한 권력 작용의 산물일 수 있다. 어떤 것이 ‘나쁜 것’ 혹은 극복의 대상이 되었다면 그 사유 내부의 권력 작용에 대해 탐구해 보고 그것이 정당성이 있는지를 검토해야 한다. 역사적으로 우리의 믿음은 권력의 믿음과 크게 다르지 않았으며 기득권과 권력이 있는 사람들이 믿으라 하는 것을 믿어왔고 그들이 생각하라고 하는 것을 생각해 왔다. 이러한 사실은 누군가 혹은 어떤 권력이 우리로 하여금 ‘포퓰리즘 은 나쁜 것이다’라고 생각하게 했을 가능성이 있다는 것을 의미하며 현대 정치를 철학적으로 사유하고자 한다면 포퓰리즘에 대한 근본적인 재성찰이 필요하다는 것을 뜻한다. 따라서 여기서는 포퓰리즘 비판이 가진 문제들을 분석하기 위해 니체의 방법론에 기반하 여 포퓰리즘에 대한 부정적인 사유가 어떻게 시작하게 되었는지 살펴보고, 그 사유 내부의 권력작용에 대해 탐구해 볼 것이다. 포퓰리즘이 나쁜 것이 되었다면 왜 그렇게 되었는지 우리는 그 시작점에서 고찰해 볼 것이다. 또한 포퓰리즘을 빌미로 상대 정치인 을 비난하는 행위가 왜 광범위하게 퍼지게 되었는지도 알아볼 것이다. 포풀리즘을 단지 민주정치의 타락된 형태인 중우정치로만 이해하고, 그저 인기에만 영합하는 것으로 보는 시도는 포퓰리즘의 내부에 위치해 있는 권력의 작동과 작용을 간과하는 것이다. 포퓰리즘에 대한 일차원적인 고찰 속에서 포퓰리즘은 단지 대중에 영합한다고 생각되는 모든 정치 현상에 갖다 붙여지는 수식어 혹은 장식물의 의미만을 가질 뿐이다. 따라서 본 연구는 니체의 방법론에 기반하여 포퓰리즘이 왜 ‘악’의 이미지를 가지게 되었는지 그리고 포퓰리즘에 대한 ‘양심의 가책’은 무엇인지 즉 대중의 의지 혹은 욕망의 두려움에 대한 반작용으로서의 이데올로기를 분석하고자 한다. Unconditional criticism of populism also has other problems beyond inherent contradictions. We can see this fact by looking at the general way power works. Power always operates in the form of preoccupying value and producing systems and laws based on that value. The negative assessment of current populism may also be a product of this power action. If something is "bad" or subject to overcoming, we should explore the power work within the reason and see if it is justified. Historically, our beliefs have not been much different from those of power, we have believed in what vested and empowered people have to believe, and we have thought about what they have to think. This fact means that there is a possibility that someone or some power may have made us think that "populism is a bad thing," and that if we want to think philosophically about modern politics, fundamental reflection on populism is needed. Therefore, to analyze the problems of populist criticism, we will examine how negative reasons for populism began based on Nietzsche's methodology, and explore the power action within the reasons. If populism has become a bad thing, we will consider why it has become so. It will also find out why the act of criticizing other politicians under the pretext of populism has become widespread. An attempt to understand populism only as a degenerate form of democratic politics, and merely cater to popularity overlooks the operation and action of power located within populism. In a one-dimensional view of populism, populism only has the meaning of modifiers or ornaments attached to any political phenomenon thought to cater to the public. Therefore, based on Nietzsche's methodology, this study attempts to analyze why populism has an image of "Evil" and what is "Bad Conscience" for populism, or ideology as a reaction to the fear of people’s will or desire.

전곡리 85-12번지 출토 초대형 양면석기의 기술-기능적 분석

박성진 한국고대학회 2025 선사와 고대 Vol.- No.77

이 연구는 최근 전곡리유적 발굴조사에서 출토된 화강편마암제 초대형 주먹찌르개를 기술-기능적 관점에서 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본문에서는 먼저 그동안 아프리카와 유럽의 이른바 ‘아슐리안 시기’에 제작되었던 대형 양면석기들의 현황과 연구 동향을 소개하고, 다음으로 현재 경기도 일대에서 확인되었던 대형 양면석기의 지역적 특징, 돌감의 사용, 형식 등에 관해 간략하게 논했다. 이번 연구에서 대형 양면석기는 최소한 길이가 20cm가 넘는 유물로 그 기준을 잡았다. 이러한 석기는 경기, 충청, 강원, 전라 등 여러 지역에서 발견되었지만, 이중 경기도가 대형 양면석기가 가장 많이 발견된 지역이다. 특히 경기도에서도 임진-한탄강유역이 대형 양면석기가 집중적으로 출토된 지역이라는 사실이 주목된다. 형식분류학적으로 대형 양면석기는 대개 주먹도끼 또는 주먹찌르개로 분류될 수 있는데, 주로 규암과 석영을 돌감으로 하여 제작되었다. 그렇지만 이번 연구 대상인 초대형 주먹찌르개는 화강편마암을 이용하여 제작되었다는 점에서 특이하다. 국내에서 대형 양면석기 제작에 화강편마암 자갈을 이용한 사례는 지금까지 이 석기가 유일하다. 화강편마암은 입자가 매우 굵을 뿐만 아니라 엽리 작용으로 뗀 면의 상태가 심하게 거칠어, 그리 선호되던 돌감은 아니다. 아마도 석기의 무게와 운반 거리와 같은 요소들을 고려하여 비록 돌감의 질이 떨어지지만, 유적 주변에서 쉽게 공급할 수 있다는 이유 때문에 화강편마암을 돌감으로 사용했던 것으로 추정된다. 한편 초대형 주먹찌르개가 출토된 층에서 화강편마암제 격지가 단 한 점도 출토되지 않았다는 사실은 초대형 주먹찌르개는 최소한 발굴 지점이 아닌 외부에서 생산되고 유적에서는 단지 사용만 되었음을 지시한다. 석기의 제작에는 오직 경질 망치만 사용되었다. 적어도 크기와 무게가 다른 두 종류의 망치가 사용되었을 것이다. 한편 제작 과정은 성형 단계와 마감 단계로 나뉜다. 성형 단계에서는 도구의 좌우 균형과 양면 균형이 이뤄졌고, 마감 단계에서는 석기의 둥근 끝 날을 다듬는 잔손질이 이뤄졌다. 석기의 크기와 무게, 그리고 암석학적 특징을 종합적으로 고려할 때, 이 석기는 두 손으로 잡고 뭔가를 향해 내려치는 행위처럼 순간적으로 끝나고 강력한 힘과 파괴력이 요구되는 일에 사용되었던 것으로 판단된다. 비록 한 점뿐이지만, 초대형 주먹찌르개는 전곡리유적 최하층의 기능적 성격을 규명하는 데 중요한 실마리이다. This study aims to analyze the techno-functional characteristics of a giant granite gneiss biface excavated from the recent excavation of the Jeongok-ri site. In this article, we first introduce the current status and research trends of giant biface produced during the ‘Acheulean period’ in Africa and Europe, and then briefly examine the regional characteristics, stone tool use, and forms of giant biface stone tools confirmed in the Gyeonggi-do area to date. Giant bifaces are artifacts that are at least 20 cm long. Up to now, such artifacts have been discovered in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gangwon, and Jeolla. Gyeonggi-do is the region where the largest number of giant biaces have been discovered, and the Imjin-Hantan River basin in Gyeonggi-do is the region where the largest number of giant bifaces have been excavated. In terms of typological classification, giant bifaces are artifacts that can be classified as hand axes or picks, and they are mainly made using quartzite and quartz as raw materials in Korea peninsular. However, the giant pick, the subject of this study, was made using granite gneiss, and this pick is the only giant biface made using granite gneiss pebbles as a raw material in Korea. Granite gneiss has very coarse grains and the foliation leaves a very rough surface when it is flaked, so it seems that it was not a preferred raw material. However, considering factors such as the weight of the stone tool and the distance it had to be transported, it seems that granite gneiss was used as a raw material because it was easily available around the site, even though its quality was not good. Meanwhile, considering that not a flake in granite gneiss was excavated from the layer where the giant pick was excavated, it appears that the giant pick was produced at least outside the excavation site and was only used at the site. The giant pick was made using only a hard hammer, and it is presumed that at least two types of hard hammers of different sizes and weights were used. The manufacturing process is divided into a shaping stage and a finishing stage. In the forming stage, the bilateral equilibrium and bifacial equilibrium of the tool were achieved, and in the finishing stage, the round distal edge of the stone tool was retouched. Considering the size, weight, and petrographical characteristics of the ultra-giant pick, it seems that this stone tool was used for a task that required great force and destructive power, such as holding it with both hands and striking it toward something. Although this stone tool is only one, it will be an important clue in identifying the nature of the lowest layer of the Jeongok-ri site.

분산 데이터베이스에서의 다중 측면을 고려한 데이터 할당 기법

박성진 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

보상체계 효과는 리더십과 업무열의의 관계를 조절하는가?: 서울시 사회복지시설을 중심으로

박성진,오문준,남궁현 한국공공관리학회 2024 한국공공관리학보 Vol.38 No.3

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of transactional and transformational leadership in enhancing job engagement within social welfare organizations and to examine whether this relationship is moderated by the reward system. The study subjects are 1,008 employees of social welfare facilities in Seoul. By analyzing the survey responses of them, the impact of transactional and transformational leadership on employees’ job engagement was analyzed. Furthermore, the study distinguished between monetary and non-monetary rewards within the organization to determine whether the impact of leadership on job engagement is moderated by each type of reward system. The analysis results are as follows. First, both transformational and transactional leadership have a positive relationship with job engagement, with transformational leadership having a greater impact than transactional leadership. Second, both monetary and non-monetary reward systems have a moderating effect on the relationship between transactional/transformational leadership and job engagement. Third, When the primary reward systems of each leadership style were aligned, we found that the positive moderating effect of leadership on job engagement was greater. Based on these results, this study suggests enhancing the leadership capabilities of managers within social welfare facilities and strengthening the reward system.

Fat-soluble Vitamin K2 as a Bio-Safe Electrode Material for Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries

박성진,권지언 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.2

가공된 층상조직의 구상화에 대한 연구

박성진,위명용 대한금속재료학회 1990 대한금속재료학회 학술대회 개요집 Vol.1990 No.0

The Critiques of Liberalism in Korea and the New Liberalism

박성진 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2016 탈경계인문학 Vol.9 No.1

The critiques on liberalism in Korea only take into account a unilateral aspect, dismissing the diversity of liberalism. In this circumstance, the new liberalism that appeared in England in the late eighteenth century is able to serve as a new alternative in Korea. New liberalism presents a framework for Korea that facilitates a free market economy and an advanced welfare state.

신석기시대 적색토기의 양상과 의미

박성진 한국신석기학회 2019 한국신석기연구 Vol.- No.37

Aspect and Meaning on the Red Painted Pottery in Korean Peninsula during the Neolithic period Park, Seong Jin (Department of Archaeology, Graduate School of Pusan National University) The main aim of the present study is to review the red painted pottery in the Neolithic period and to examine the pattern of the pottery during the Neolithic period. The red painted pottery was categorized into bowls, pots, and jars. With regard to the properties, most of them were associated with unglazed, but pots were associated with Doorip pattern A and jars were associated with complex patterns. Also bowls and pots were strong in polishing and jars were strong in handling. In the correlation between the pattern and the property, the unglazed and the impressed pattern were strong in polishing, and raised pattern has a high rate of hanmding. Looking at the patterns by period, there are many eruptions in the early part of the east coast, and only the motifs and the crests are confirmed. In the first half of early phase, there are many bowls, and It shows only unglazed and impressed pattern in the east coast, In the handling technique, polishing is overwhelming and many inner and outer surfaces are painted. In the second half of early phase, the ratio of pots increases, jars appear, and a round bottom is identified. In the frontal technique, polishing is overwhelming and many inner and outer surfaces are painted. The number of impressed pattern has decreased significantly from the first half, and the proportion of water-handling has increased significantly. Middle phase of the east cost has less population, but seems to have the characteristics of pottery in middle phase. In the early phase of south coast, there are a lot of unglazed bowls, and the absence of water -handling is characteristic. In second half, jars appears and the number of complexed and cordmarked pattern was more frequent than other patterns. Although the first phase has a large number of bowls, the number of jars increases greatly. Although the unglazed patterns are the most common, the number of complexed pattern has decreased significantly compared to the early period and the number of impressed and cord-marked pattern has increased, which is similar to that of early phase on the south coast. In the middle phase, there is the highest number of deep-bowls, and unglazed pattern. In addition, the red painted pottery excavated from the Jukbyeon-ri, Sinam-ri, Sejuk, Dongsandong, Sugari was analyzed by an optical microscope and SEM-EDS. The pigments were identified as mineral oxidant ferrite (Fe₂O₃), and the middle layer identified in the previous study was visible on the cross-section. However, the mass concentration did not differ significantly from the base layer, so it is difficult to say that the middle layer was deliberately applied to red painted pottery of the Neolithic period. Furthermore, the prehistoric ritual was divided into rite of passage, production, and life; the relevance of red pottery was also reviewed. Rite of production was considered to be related to red painted pottery, and it is thought that the ritual of hunting, gathering, fishing, and respecting of game were related to red painted pottery.

문명의 조건: 제4천년기 서아시아의 우룩 팽창 현상

박성진 숭실대학교 역사문물연구소 2024 숭실사학 Vol.- No.52

This study aims to analyze the conditions that led to the birth of the Mesopotamian civilization, the world's first civilization in human history, and the development of early civilizations in Southwest Asia, a phenomenon known as the "Uruk Expansion". Southern Mesopotamia, where early civilization occurred, was a region where agricultural development lagged behind that of the Levant and the so-called "Fertile Crescent" region, but large-scale settlements were formed before reaching the civilization stage due to the ecological environment favorable to hunting and gathering activities. However, aridification beginning in 3500 BCE, or the Late Uruk Period, led the complex hunter-gatherer societies of southern Mesopotamia to face an ecological crisis, and the process of increasing social and ecological "resilience" to overcome it led to the development of irrigated agriculture, which ultimately led to the development of cities and states. Thus, irrigated agriculture is not a prerequisite for civilization, but rather a consequence, and the conventional view that irrigated agriculture was a condition for the development of early civilization should be reconsidered. A key feature of Mesopotamian civilization is that long-distance trade developed rapidly as soon as the civilization was formed, and in the process, the southern Mesopotamian culture represented by the 'Uruk culture' spread extensively not only to Upper Mesopotamia but also to the surrounding regions such as the Levant, Turkey, and Iran. When this phenomenon, called 'Uruk expansion' was first raised in academia, it was perceived as an asymmetrical relationship between the center and the periphery from the perspective of 'world system theory' and interpreted as a result of imperialism and colonialism. However, in recent years, there has been a growing consensus that it is not possible to interpret this phenomenon simply in terms of political and economic relations, and that it is necessary to approach the phenomenon symmetrically from a more diverse perspective. The 'International interaction model' and 'World culture theory' are currently gaining attention as alternatives to the 'world system theory'. What these alternative hypotheses have in common is that they move away from the standard politico-economic narrative and emphasize concepts such as koiné, assimilation, hybridization, and social imitation competition from a cultural perspective, and they seek to identify the diverse spectrum of what is meant by 'Uruk culture'.

기업지배구조보고서 정정공시에 대한 연구

박성진,김태동,배창현 한국회계정책학회 2024 회계와 정책연구 Vol.29 No.4

[Purpose] The Korea Exchange has been announcing the results of analysis of disclosures of corporate governance reports since 2020, and is requesting corrective disclosures in cases where the disclosures are insufficient. A corrective disclosure refers to the process of correcting data that was initially disclosed inappropriately in order to correct errors due to work errors or numerical errors. Therefore, this study is intended to examine the present situation of corrective disclosures of corporate governance reports to see whether they are being carried out in accordance with the relevant authorities’ intentions (enhancing disclosure fidelity) and discuss related problems and improvement measures. [Methodology] A total of 1,165 samples of governance reports published in the listing disclosure system from February 2019 to May 2023 were used, and the relevant data were collected manually. [Findings] First, looking at the present situation of corrective disclosures, it was found that 146 corrective disclosures of corporate governance reports were published during the analysis period, comprising those published by 20 companies in 2021, 38 companies in 2022, and 49 companies in 2023. Rather than the form of corrective disclosures with the title [Corrected] corporate governance report for the purpose of distinguishing them from the initial disclosures, the ratio of the form of corrective disclosures that corrected errors in the attached documents of the initial reports was shown to be relatively high, and it is judged that a solution to this problem is urgently necessary. Second, looking at the reasons for correction and correction items, the ratio of corrections to attachments (statements) and corrections to attached data was found to be relatively high among the reasons for correction, and the ratio of CoE correction (82 cases/146 cases) was found to be high among the correction items. In addition, it was found that there were cases that the reason for correction was stated as attached corrections, but there was no entry in the correction items or the exact content of the correction of errors cannot be known. Third, looking at the key indicators related to the correction of the CoE of the governance reports, key indicators No. 1 (announcement of the convening of the general shareholders’ meeting 4 weeks before the general shareholders’ meeting), No. 6 (preparation and operation of internal control policy), and No. 14 (internal audit organization holds meetings with external auditors without management attendance at least once per quarter) appeared relatively frequently. [Policy Implications] This study is the results of the first domestic study on the present situation related to corrective disclosures of corporate governance reports, and the relevant authorities will be able to refer to the results of this study to utilize them in future policies. In particular, companies should avoid making repeated disclosure errors, and information users should keep this in mind when utilizing relevant information.