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EGFR and HER2 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
김용석,김정수,김용석 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2018 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.18 No.4
Purpose: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family plays a crucial role in the growth of malignant tumors. EGFR and human EGFR 2 (HER2) protein overexpression are associated with an unfavorable prognosis and are important therapeutic targets in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between EGFR and HER2 expression and clinicopathological factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at a single institution. Methods: A total of 129 consecutive patients with PTC were enrolled in this study and underwent thyroid surgery between October 2013 and February 2015. EGFR and HER2 protein expression was evaluated in the 129 primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, and the results were compared with the clinicopathological features. Results: Of the 129 PTC tumors, 20 (15.5%) were HER2 positive, and 109 (84.5%) were HER2 negative. Moreover, EGFR positivity were observed in 111 (86%) tumors. The mean age of the patients was 46.3±11.9 years (range, 20–74 years), and the mean tumor size was 1.08±0.75 cm (range, 0.2–3.5 cm). Tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, histological subtype, and TNM stage were not significantly associated with EGFR or HER2 expression. Meanwhile, high Ki-67 labeling index was significantly associated with EGFR expression (P=0.002), HER2 expression was significantly associated with younger age (≤45 years) and cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Based on our data, it is not clear whether EGFR and HER2 expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness in PTC.
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구조물-지반 상호작용이 구조물의 동적거동에 미치는 영향
김용석 한국전산구조공학회 1993 전산구조공학 Vol.6 No.2
최근 구조물의 동적해석에서 구조물-지반 상호작용이 구조물의 동적거동에 미치는 영향이 매우 중요하다는 것이 인식되어지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 관성력에 의한 구조물-지반 상호작용이 건물의 동적거동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 유한요소기법을 이용하여 이론적인 연구와 시험적 조사 (Experimental Investigation)연구를 수행하였다. 이론적 연구는 균질한 지반위에 기초가 약간 묻혀있는 낮고 강성이 강한 건물과 높고 가느다란 건물 두개에 대하여 수행하였으며, 시험적 조사연구는 1985년 멕시코 대지진을 겪은 말뚝기초위에 세워진 두개의 건물에 대해 수행하였다. 이 연구 결과를 살펴보면 구조물-지반 상호작용이 구조물에 미치는 주된 영향은 고유주파수 감소와 유효감쇄비 증가인데, 그 영향이 구조물 동적거동에 심각한 영향을 미치는 경우가 있기 때문에 구조물-지반 상호작용 영향을 구조물 동적해석시 필히 고려해야 한다는 것이다. Recently it is recognized that the effects of structure-soil interaction(SSI) on the response of structures are important in the dynamic analysis of structures. In this study, theoretical and experimental investigations were performed to study the SSI effects(mainly inertial interaction) on the dynamic response of buildings utilizing the finite element foumulation. Theoretical studies were performed with two idealized buildings(stubby one and slender one) built on the homogeneous soil layer and having the small embedment ratio. Experimental investigations were also carried out for two buildings built on the pile foundation in Mexico City, experienced the 1985 Earthquake. The results of this study show that the SSI effects are significant on the response of structures due to the change of fundamental frequency and effective damping ratio, and that it is necessary to include the SSI effects on the dynamic analysis of structures.
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