Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

Yang Ho Park,Jang Uk Kim,Dong Hwi Kim,Yeon Kyu Sonn,Jin Ha Yun,Huhn Pal Moon,Soo Yeon Cho 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers’ fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5∼3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0∼10.0 ha and in large scales of 30∼700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100∼130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0∼5.2, soil EC was 0.93∼3.78 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, organic matter was 37∼35 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, nitrate nitrogen 63∼490 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, available P2O5 55∼163 mg kg-1, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30∼0.98, Ca was 6.5∼14.0, Mg was 1.1∼5.3 cmolc kg<SUP>-1</SUP> in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10∼11 t of compost, 200∼400 kg ha<SUP>-</SUP>1 of complex fertilizer and 750 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

Current Status of Ginseng Cultivation and Soil Characteristics of Northeastern Three Provinces in China

Park, Yang Ho,Kim, Jang Uk,Kim, Dong Hwi,Sonn, Yeon Kyu,Yun, Jin Ha,Moon, Huhn Pal,Cho, Soo Yeon 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers' fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5~3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0~10.0 ha and in large scales of 30~700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100~130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0~5.2, soil EC was $0.93{\sim}3.78dS\;m^{-1}$, organic matter was $37{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$, nitrate nitrogen $63{\sim}490mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $55{\sim}163mg\;kg^{-1}$, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30~0.98, Ca was 6.5~14.0, Mg was $1.1{\sim}5.3cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10~11 t of compost, $200{\sim}400kg\;ha^{-1}$ of complex fertilizer and $750kg\;ha^{-1}$ of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

수피 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 분광학적 특성 변화

박창진,김정규,김정제,박용하,신명교,양재의,최문헌 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 수피 부산물 비료의 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 시료의 유기물 분획의 함량 변화, Δlog K값과 RF값 등의 분광학적 특성 변화, 원형여지 chromatograp의 변화를 측정하여, 부숙도의 판정 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수피와 돈분 부산물빌 중 HA-C와 FA-C의 함량은 대체로 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하는 경향이었고, HA-C/FA-C 비는 증가하였다. 수피와 돈분 부산물 비료의 Δlog K값은 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하였으며, RF값은 증가하였다. 생수피의 부식산 형태는 R_p 형태였으나, B형태를 거쳐 120일경과 후 A형태로 변화하여 거의 완숙상태에 도달하였으며, 돈분 부산물 비료의 경우 40일경과 후에도 B형태로 나타나 유기물질의 부숙이 진행중인 것으로 판단되었다. 수피부산물 비료의 원형여지 chromatograph는 120일경과 후에 규칙적인 톱니 모양을 하고 있어 완숙단계에 이른 것으로 판단할 수 있었으나, 돈분 부산물의 경우는 40일이 경과한 후에도 부분적으로 불규칙적인 모양을 하고 있어 부숙이 진행되고 있는 상태인 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. Changes of the spectroscopic characteristics of the organic matter fractions and circular filter paper chromatograph were assessed for the bark and piggery manure composts during the composting. as an approach to base the criteria of the compost maturity evaluation. Contents of humic acid-C (HA-C) and fulvic acid-C (FA-C) in both bark and piggery manure composts were decreased as the composting got closer to maturity, but the ratios of HA-C/FA-C were increased. During the composting. Δlog K values were decreased, but RF values were increased. Humic acid of the mature bark compost after 120 days of composting was A-type, as compared to Rp-type for the raw bark and B-type for the immature compost. However. humic acid of the mature piggery manure composts after 40 days of composting was B-type, indicating the humification of the organic matter fractions continued at this stage. Circular filter paper chromatograph of the mature bark compost exhibited the regular sawteeth pattern at the edge, but that of the mature piggery manure showed an irregular sawteeth pattern. Results demonstrated that spectroscopic characteristics and circular filter paper chromatograph of the organic by-product composts might be employed for the compost stability assessment.

일 농촌지역의 우울 증상에 관한 역학연구 -위험요인 및 요인구조분석

하양숙,홍진표,김한규,이군희,한경자,조맹제,김용익,송미순,박성애,김창윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 세계적으로 널리 사용되는 우울증 척도인 the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)을 이용하여 지역사회 주민의 우울증상의 정도를 평가하고, 우울증상의 위험요인을 분석하고, 한국인에서 우울증상의 요인구조를 알기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 경기도 일 농촌 지역의 30세 이상 주민에 대해 무작위 군집 집락 추출을 실시하였고, 훈련된 면담원들이 가정 방문을 통하여 면접 및 자기보고 검사인 CES-D를 실시하였다. 총 1,315명에서 응답을 하였고 응답율은 59.3%이었다. 결 과 : CES-D에 의한 우울증 점수는 0∼5점이 57%정도를 차지하였고, 평균 점수는 남자 7.8점 여자 9.5점으로 비교적 낮은 편이었다. ANCOVA 분석 결과 비결혼, 저학력, 여성이라는 위험요인은 독립적으로 우울증상을 악화시키는 요인이었으나 연령은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. CES-D 결과를 요인분석을 시행한 결과 4가지 요인이 추출되었는데 우울증상 및 신체증상이 한 개의 요인으로, 다른 나라에서 보고되지 않는 정서적 고통이 별도의 요인으로 추출되었다. 결 론 : 국내 역학 조사에서도 외국과 유사한 우울점수 및 위험요인이 확인되었으나 우울증의 요인에서는 특이한 요인이 추출되었다. 한국인에 독특한 우울 반응에 관한 추가 연구가 필요하다. Objectives :The rates, correlates, and factor structure of depressive symptoms in a Korean rural sample were examined using Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Methods : Door to door visiting survey was conducted by trained interviewers. A random cluster sample of 1,315 respondents, aged 30 and over completed the CES-D scale along with additional sociodemographic questionnaire. Results : In this sample, mean CES-D score of male and female were 7.8 and 9.5, respectively which were lower than those reported previously. Symptoms of depression were most common among the less educated, non-married and female according to ANCOVA. Age was not a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Different factor structures emerged from this sample as compared to other studies using this approach. Somatic symptoms and affective symptoms were combined as one factor and emotional hardship emerged as a separate factor. Conclusion : Symptoms scores and risk factors were similar to the results reported in other countries but unique factor structures were found in this study. Further research is needed about the Korean depressive symptomatology and related areas.

Polyallylamine hydrochloride로 처리한 수피를 이용한 수용액상의 인 제거

양경민,김하나,김영관 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2007 産業技術硏究 Vol.27 No.A

본 연구는 목재로서 활용가치가 적은 수피(bark)를 활용하여 수질오염물질을 제거할 수 있는 여과 시스템에 대한 기초연구로서 소나무의 일종인 loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.) 수피의 인(PO_(4)-P) 흡착특성을 연구하였다. 실험에 사용된 수피는 입상형태로서 polyallylamine hydrochloride로 전처리하여 회분식 등온 흡착실험을 수행하였다. 회분식 등온흡착실험은 수용액 pH 3~pH 8범위에서, 인의 농도별(10, 20, 30, 40 mg/L)로 수행하였다. PH 5에서 가장 높은 인 제거 효율을 나타냈으며, 수용액의 pH는 실험 후 pH 3으로 감소하였다. 이러한 감소는 수피에 의한 phosphate의 흡착이 Lewis acid-base 반응으로서 이 과정에서 H^(+)의 방출로 인하여 나타난 현상인 것으로 여겨지며, 주된 반응 메카니즘은 더 연구할 필요성이 있다. 인 흡착은 초기에 빠른 속도로 진행되었으며 대략 200분 이후에 평형에 도달하였고, 시간이 지날수록 흡착양이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 인의 흡착특성결과는 Langmuir 등온흡착식과 Freundlich 등온흡착식으로 설명될 수 있으며, 등온흡착식 적용결과, 흡착제에 대한 최대 흡착능은 7.14mg/g이며 다른 흡착제와 비교하여 더 높았다. 실험결과와 모델에 의한 흡착능을 비교 하고자 pseudo second-order model을 적용하여 흡착 동역학 상수를 구하였다. 또한 EDXA분석으로 회분식 흡착실험 후 수피와 인이 결합되어있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

국내 종합병원 병동부의 리모델링 수행전략에 관한 연구

김하진,양내원 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

As hospitals change continuously and rapidly, the way of growth and change becomes another important factor in the design of a hospital. The hospitals are also adapted for the continuous growth and change during their life span, because of the requirement of the hospital that changes endlessly, and develops continuously. But the ward areas built in 1970's and 80's have been expanded and reconstructed without reasonable plan of growth and change. So, there is required to the architectural planning on the remodeling strategy of the ward areas. The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental data for the reasonable design planning and the basic principles of the construction plan in the ward remodeling. So, this study is to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the ward remodeling, the remodeling planning, and the scheduling process in terms of construction. As a result, this study would apply to design strategy for the ward remodeling of general hospitals.

국내 종합병원의 리모델링 공사수행전략에 관한 연구

김하진,양내원 한국의료복지시설학회 2005 의료·복지 건축 Vol.11 No.1

The construction can proceed in different ways according to the acquired profitability of the hospital during the construction and to the features of departments or areas. This study is an analysis of remodeling construction processes to resolve major tasks of remodeling. The remodeling strategies gained from this study can be summed up as follows: 1) Remodeling work in hospitals involves the acquire relocation of space through extensive area renovations and then moving back to the space, and lastly working on the empty space. Thus, it is more advantageous in terms of construction work to demolish the existing buildings than to acquire the relocation space through extensions or renovations. That is, demolition after the maximum utilization of the existing buildings is the most desirable in terms of space availability. 2) The construction methods for remodeling are two: a method of carrying out construction by dividing the plane areas into several individual ones and of working on it floor by floor. In case of ward areas, and the outpatient area, the construction proceeds after securing the relocation space and partially setting construction areas in order to minimize the decrease in profitability due to the smaller number of beds and treatment rooms during construction. If the outpatient diagnosis/ treatment area and the supply area relocate together with the ward areas, there may be extra expenses. Thus, doing construction by area, while partially operating those areas or after relocating the whole areas.

흰쥐에서 절식과 고지방식이가 콜레스테롤 및 지방대사에 미치는 영향

양정례,박경아,진현화,김양하 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 생활과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study was performed to investigate the effects of diet pattern on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed four types of diets for four weeks, respectively: a control diet, 40% energy restriction diet, high animal fat diet or high plant fat diet. Control and 40% energy restriction diets were composed by AIN-76 diet and high fat diets were composed by 53.6% of animal or plant fat. In rats fed with 40% energy restriction diet showed significantly low body weight gain, liver, abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights compared to rats fed with control diet. In rats fed with high animal fat diet showed significantly high body weight gain, liver, abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights compared to rats fed with control diet. In rats fed with high plant fat diet showed similar body weight gain. The increase of adipose tissue weight was much smaller in rats fed with high plant compared to rats fed with high animal fat diet implying the effect of high fat diet on fat accumulation on adipose tissue may defend on the kinds of fats. Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased in rats fed high plant fat diet. However, liver total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were signigficantly increased in rats fed high animal fat diet. The fibrinolytic activity of serum was significantly increased in rats fed high plant fat diet compared to rats fed with control diet.

역상 HPLC를 이용한 혈청에서의 haloperidol 측정

金瑛洙,鄭夏承,楊秉煥 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1988 精神健康硏究 Vol.7 No.-