韓國人의 和合과 相扶相助의 慣行硏究

孫仁銖 서울市立大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this essay is to see in the light of good morals and manners the Korean traditional practice for harmony and mutual aids seen in the Korean traditional community lives such as Dureh, Poomasi, Dongjeh, Hyang Yahk, Gyeh and etc. In the Korean traditional societies people used to work together in cooperation, and the houses were likely to concentrate in certain places to the formation of the villages big or small, in which we see sense of harmony and cooperative spirit on the part of the Koreans. The term 'we' we are willing to use has got unique connotations and denotations; it is meant not only by 'you and I' but also by 'all the people' we are familiar with. Here a question is raised "Why are only the Koreans willing to use the word 'we'?" It is because the Koreans are endowed by nature with instinct that they want to become one and the same with those they like. To the Koreans the word 'we' has referred to good will, sympathy, solidarity and cooperation. As we see here the Koreans used to help with one another and were willing to share happiness and misery with others. The Koreans used to put the prosperity of community before their own individual happiness, which says they hamde high of harmony and of mutual aids. So to preserve and make better these good morals and manners is important to make Korea better and richer. They used to see the true the good and the beautiful in solidarity in the strict sense of the world. Sense of harmony and cooperative spirit are impartant to all other countries, and they are all the more to Korea because it encounters so many problems to solve nowadays. In fact in the contemporary societies we are in wide contact, conscious or unconscious, with the unknown people. To be in good terms and good harmony with the unknown in these complicated societies, the first thing we should do is to accept they are different in nature, thought and personalities from us. To this sense of harmony, cooperative spirit and sense of mutual aids are indispensable, because mutual understanding and acceptance derive from them.

韓國敎育과 庸齋 白落濬 先生

孫仁銖 연세대학교 교육대학원 1979 연세교육과학 Vol.15 No.-

George Paik (Whose pen-name is Yong-jae) is a big tree, all of which we cannot see well at all close at hand. It is very difficult for a man to build up a good personality, to acquire a brilliant scholarship and at the same time to leave an eternal and excellent achivements on educational fields. Dr. Paik has so far been an excellent Bender of both scholarly and educational circles and he is an international figure Korea has ever produced. After eleven years of study in the United States he returned home in the autumn of 1927 to accept the professorship at Chosun Christian College (now Yonsei University), which was the first occasion for him to devote all his life and energy to the great task of education. In 1928 for the first time since the foundation of the College Dr. Paik, in spite of a Korean, sat as the Chairman of the Department of Liberal Arts. In order not to let C.C.C. remain an institute of a fort·sign culture, he tried every effort of his to digest and modify the imported foreign elements into Korean culture. His endeavor resulted in the fact that Yonsei led the development of Korean culture and therefore the Scholarly achievements and culture of Yonhee became an essential part of Korean culture. It is not a mere accident that Yonsei pursues the attitude of "Review the Old and Learn the New" and maintains the position of "Seek the Substantial" for its academic tradition. When Dr. Paik was appointed as the President of Yonhee University after 1945 Liberation from Japan, he did not hesitate to practice the system of co-education because he rightly recognized the vital fact that females who consist the half of the whole population of the World must also be educated at equal terms at colleges and universities and they must be trained to be utilized as resources for the good of the world. His devotion is not merely restricted to the educational achievements of Yonsei. He has so far played a great and important role in the educational circles of Korea as well. When he was appointed as a Committee of council of Korean Educational Law he advocated the conception of Honik Ingan which is stated in the First Act of the law. The spirit of Honik Ingan-for the universal good of all peoples·is the very faith that Koreans have long believed in since their history began. My belief is that Dr. Paik, who had emphasized on the education of moral people and moral society, advocated the spirit of Honik Ingan for the balance between our people's ideal and the education of morality. He has been and devoted only for the good of others. Dr. Paik was appointed as the End Minister of Ministery of Education (from April, 1950 to Oct., 1952) and he put emphasis on the education of 'Moral Conduct', 'One Man One Skill' and 'Nation Defense First'. He also proclaimed 'the Special Educational Law in War Time' and 'the Special Statute for College and University Education in War Time' for the continuance of education in various levels of schools. The system of War-time Confederate Universities was the first. example in the world history of education that he established and succeeded. The establishment of one national university in one province is due to the result of his ceaseless effort. He also enforced the Compulsory Education Law and practised the system of education self-administration. The law and the system are a new start in our educational history and the system especially is significant in the fact that our education started on its own. These two practices number among his greatest achievements in our educational fields. He was appointed as the third and fourth chairman of Education Committee for the City of Seoul (May 1953-Aug 1956) and the Chairman of Confederate Education Committee of Korea from Aug. 1956 to Aug. 1958. He contributed to consolidate the Committee as a Professional Society in its Characteristics and to unite teachers to stand together. He believed that national rehabilitation lay in education and tried his best to solve and achieve our national democratic tasks successfully. He advocates the education to hold man in high esteem and laid stress on the democratic contents of education, democratic administration of schools, 4emocratic community and democratic system of education. For the purpose of achieving our national subjects on hand in educational circles he also puts emphasis on the education of liberal man, moral man, social man, productive man, modern man, and world man. What he asserts is the very educational task in our future which must be carried out without fail. My idea is that his educational philosophy, his love in education, and his achievements in education will remain long in our history. His further achievements in scholarship and education are expected as he still, in his seventies, devotes himself to the profound research and he is willing to give advice for the development of education.

가족성 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병자에서 HMG Co-A Reductasen Inhibitor 및 Bile Acid Resin의 투여로 인한 아킬레스건 황색종의 감소

채인호,한기훈,박영배,조주희,김효수,손대원,김철호,오병희,이명묵,최윤식,서정돈,이영우 대한순환기학회 1997 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.27 No.9

HEAD GEAR가 상악골에 미치는 영향에 관한 유한요소법적 분석

이인수,손병화 대한치과교정학회 1985 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The pufpose of this study was to analyze the stresss distribution and the displacement in the maxillary complex after the application of the three kinds of the head gear.(high pull head gear, straight pull head gear, cervical pull head gear.) Orthopedic force, 300 gram, was applied to the maxilla of the dry human skull in a high, straight and cervical direction. The stress distribution and the dispacement within the maxillary complex was analyzed by a 3-dimensional finite element method. The result were as follow: 1. In crown, the stress of cervical pull head gear was greatest stress and straight pull head gear was the medium stress and high pull head gear was the least stress. 2. The compressive stress was observed on the anterior portion of premaxilla, especially anterior nasal spine area, when the three kinds of head gear were applied to the dry kuman skull. 3. It appeared that the stress of the anterior portion of the zygomatic bone was greater than the posterior portion in the case of three kinds of head gear application and compressive stress was noted only at the below of the frontozygomatic suture of the zygomatic bone. 4. The backward, upward, sideward displcement of the alveolar area was observed in a high pull head gear application but in the case of straight pull head gear and cervical pull head gear application, the backward, downward, sideward displacement was observed. 5. The forward, downward, sideward displacement was observed on the midpalatine suture and premaxilla on the sagittal plane and transverse palatine suture in the case of three kinds of headgear application.

접착제(본드)흡입이 간장의 기능 및 조직변화에 미치는 영향

김인수,손동렬,신인철 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1984 環境科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

접착제의 흡입으로 일어날 수 있는 유해작용에 대하여는 이미 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 그 유해작용은 접착제 제조에 사용된 유기용매의 종류와 순수성에 따라 좌우되므로 만성독성으로 인한 신경장애에 대한 작용이외에 많은 연구들이 일치된 견해가 없고 각 나라마다 자국산의 접착제에 대하여 철저한 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 우리나라에선 거의 연구되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 따라서, 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제의 흡입으로 일어날 수 있는 만성독성에 대한 연구가 필요하여 백서에 장기간 접착제를 흡입시켰을 때 특히 간 기능과 조직변화에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 접착제는 사용된 유기용매의 종류에 따라 toluene과 acetone이 주 용매인 Gt와 hexane과 acetone이 주 용매인 Gh 2 종류로 구분하였으며 실험동물은 체중 180g 내외의 웅성 백서를 대조군, Gt 흡입군과 Gh 흡입군 3군으로 나누었다. 1) 접착제를 10분간 흡입시키는 동안에는 약간의 흥분작용 이외에 별다른 증상을 볼 수 없었으나 40일간의 흡입에서 부터 흥분작용이 증가되어 공격적이며 적의심을 나타냈다. 이러한 중추신경에 대한 영향은 Gt 흡입군에서 더욱 심화하였고 흡입이 중단된지 60일이 경과되어도 정상으로 회복되지 않았다. 2) 혈청 GOT와 GPT는 10일에서 부터 증가되어 30∼40일에 최고의 증가치를 나타냈으나 흡입이 계속되고 있음에도 감소되였다. 혈청 alkaline phosphatase 수준은 20일에서부터 증가하여 50 일까지 지속되었으나(59.2%∼73.1%) 60일에서는 감소되었다. 총 bilirubin은 전 실험기간에서 별 변동이 없었으며 혈청효소의 변동은 흡입이 중단된 후 20일에서는 거의 정상수준으로 회복되었고 Gt와 Gh 흡입군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 간의 무게를 체중비로 나타낸 결과 20일에서 부터 25% 증가되었고 60일에서는 50%의 증가를 나타냈으나, 흡입이 중단된 후 50일이 경과되어서는 정상으로 회복되는듯 하였다.(Gt 12.2%, Gh 16.3%) 4) 간의 병리 조직학적 소견으로는 20일에서 문맥주변부의 염증 세포 침윤, 충혈 및 간세포 종창이 관찰되었으나, 흡입이 계속되고 있음에도 더 이상 약화되지 않고 60일간 같은 변화를 보였다. 흡입이 중단된 후 40 일에서는 정상 조직상태를 나타냈으며 이러한 조직변화는 Gt와 Gh 흡입군에서 별 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제의 만성흡입은 내성의 출현으로 인하여 특정적인 심한 간 손상을 유발하지 않는 것으로 판단되며 간 기능 손상은 조직변화에 선행되어 나타나고 간 기능 및 조직손상은 회복성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제는 비교적 장기간 백서에 흡입하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 접착제의 만성흡입은 특징적인 심한 간 손상을 유발하지 않았으며 이는 내성의 출현으로 인한 것으로 판단되고 간 기능 손상은 조직 변화에 선행되어 나타나고 간 기능 및 조직 손상은 회복성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. There have been a number of studies on the acute and chronic toxicities induced by continuing, heavy exposure to glue or its solvents. However the reports besides on the neuronal damage are still controversial, for the toxic actions probably depend on the kind and purity of the solvents used in glue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to the inhalation of glue on the functional and histological liver damages. 210 healthy Sprague-Dawely male rats weighing about 180g. were divided into 3 groups: 1)control group exposed to the inhalation of fresh air, 2) Gt group exposed to the inhalation of glue whose main solvents were toluene and acetone, 3) Gh group exposed to the inhalation of glue whose main solvents were hexane and acetone. The results obtained were as follows: 1) During 10 minutes exposure to the inhalation of glue, slight excitement was observed in all rats and in 40 days exposure, excitement was more profound and aggressiveness and hostility were found in Gt group rather than Gh group. The excitement was not subsided even 60 days after stopping inhalation. 2) Serum GOT and GPT levels were elevated in 10 days exposure and reached to the highest level in 30∼40 days exposure followed by decrease to normal ranges. Serum alkaline phosphatase level remained raised from 20 days to 50 days exposure (59.2%∼73.1%) and returned to almost normal level in 60 days exposure. Total bilirubin level were within normal limits in all experimental period. The serum enzyme levels were recovered to normal ranges 20 days after being exposed to the final inhalation and have no significant difference between Gt and group. 3) The relative liver weights were increased by 25% in 20 days exposure, and by 50% in 60 days exposure but it seemed to be returned to normal weight 50 days after stopping inhalation (Gt 12.2%, Gh 16.3%). 4) The histopathological changes induced by 20 days exposure to the inhalation of glues Gt and Gh were mononuclear cell infiltration in periportal zone, congestion and cellular swelling on the liver and were not enhanced even by increase in exposure time. These findings were completely subsided 40 days after receiving the final exposure. From these results, it may be concluded that the chronic inhalation of glues available in Korea fails to cause severe or characteristic liver disease, the functional damage is followed by the histological changes in liver and the functional and histological damages are reversible.

한국의 조기난소부전 환자에서 Inhibin 유전자의 변이 분석

김영진,손인숙,이지영,김수녕 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-

The clinical models for studying ovary-determining genes may be premature ovarian failure(POF). POF is a condition causing amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropins in women under 40 years old. The prevalence of POF among reproductive women is 1%. POF is a highly heterogenous condition, but its etiology remains unknown in approximately two-thirds of cases. Many causes of POF were reported, including Turner syndrome, genetic disease, iatrogenic agents such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, infection and autoimmune disease. FSH receptor, LH receptor, inhibin, GDF-9(growth differentiation factor), BMP-15(bone morphogenetic protein), DIAPH2(diaphanous gene) and XPNPEP2(X-prolyl aminopeptidase) genes were proposed as a possible candidate gene, but only mutations of FSH receptor, LH receptor, inhibin genes were reported in women with POF. The present study was performed to investigate whether the mutation of inhibin gene is observed in Korean patient with premature ovarian failure and whether mutation of these genes is a likely cause of POF. Eighty-six women with premature ovarian failure were studied and thirty-six normal women were enrolled as control. Mutation screening of these genes were established by denaturing HPLC and were confirmed by automatic sequencing. No mutation of inhibin gene was identified in Korean women with POF. In conclusion, premature ovarian failure was not likely caused by mutations of inhibin gene.

1~2기 본태성 고혈압 환자들에서 Imidapril 대 Enalapril의 항고혈압 효과를 평가하기 위한 무작위, 이중맹검 임상시험

최영진,손대원,김용진,이홍자,채인호,김효수,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,채윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

심근침범을 동반한 Becker형 근이영양증 환자에서 확인한 Dystrophin 유전자 Exon결실

김광일,오병희,이무용,채인호,신수,박성섭,김효수,손대원,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

Amiodarone 投與에 의한 肝의 燐脂質症

김동훈,장금미,서인수,손태중 대한병리학회 1991 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.25 No.1