`78 지방행정에 바란다 / 김동훈

김동훈 대한지방행정공제회 1978 地方行政 Vol.27 No.292

스텐트 내경 측정 시 다양한 다절편 전산화단층촬영 알고리즘의 영향

김동훈,백상현,정명진 순천향대학교 순천향의학연구소 2010 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.16 No.2

This study was carried out to measure diameters of stents within phantom and to know proper algorithm for evaluating patency of stent by using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Phantom model that stent was located in plastic pite with mixed saline and contrast (10:1) and total 80 patients (man:woman = 53:27, mean age, 60.8 years old) who undertaken percutaneous coronary intervention (stenting) were included in this study. Computed tomography scans were performed with 16- and 64-slice MDCT scanner with retrospective electrocardiography gating. Standard scanning protocols were applied. Cardiac radiologist and radiologic technician measured internal diameters of stents. Also, image qualities of stents as 8 points were scored. For evaluation of images,window width and window center were used as 900±100 and 400±100, respectively. In phantom model, average maximal diameters measured by each algorithms were 2.35 mm (B50f in Siemens AG, Medical Solutions [S company]) and 2.53 mm (Xres standard [XCB] in Phillips Medical Systems [P company]), respectively. In patients, in-stent resolution processed by Xres sharp (XCC)was scored as 7.67 (highest). In this study, B40f, B50f (16 slice MDCT in S company), XCB and XCC (64 slice MDCT in P company) are appropriate algorithms for evaluating internal patency of stents.

The Effect of Cryoprotectants on the Survival and In Vitro-Growth of Cryopreserved Mouse Preantral Follicles

김동훈,정덕수,임현주,임기선,이휘철,성환후 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.2

The aim of this study was to examine more effective cryoprotectant for the cryopreservation of mouse preantral follicles. Enzymetically isolated preantral follicles from 12-day-old mice were cryopreserved by a slow freezing protocol with 1.5 M propanediol (PROH), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or glycerol (GLY) and then grown and matured in vitro for 11 days after thawing. The survival of preantral follicles immediately after freezing and thawing was not different among the PROH (68.2%), DMSO (72.4%) and GLY (72.1%). After grown and matured in vitro, the rates of survival and metaphase II oocytes were 54.9% and 36.6% for PROH which was significantly higher rates (p<0.05) compared with the rates obtained from DMSO (16.9% and 9.0%) and GLY (16.3% and 7.5%). The diameter of metaphase II oocytes from preantral follicles frozen in PROH (67.4±1.8 μm) was significantly (p<0.05) smaller than that of the fresh preantral follicles (69.1±2.3 μm). The results from the present study revealed that PROH is more suitable cryoprotectant for the cryopreservation of mouse preantral follicles.

棋戰運營契約의 기초적 법률관계

김동훈 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2006 스포츠와 법 Vol.9 No.-

The Go(Baduk) tournament is promoted by press or broadcasting or internet sites and managed by Korea Baduk Association and sponsored by corporations. Legal basis of tournament is three-parties contract among them. The interests of three parties collide sometimes. Promoters have interest in raising the goodwill of their brands. The manager seeks to get commission as the price of management, which is the main source of profit of the Association. The sponsoring corporations who burden the full cost of tournament, wants to use it as the effective opportunity of advertising. This article analyzes the rights and duties of three parties on the basis of contract, which will contribute to stabilize the management of tournament and to enlarge its market. 기전운영계약은 언론사 등이 주최자가 되고 한국기원이 주관자로서 대회운영의 실무를 담당하며 주로 대회명칭을 사용하는 기업들이 후원자로 나섬에 따라 이들 사이의 삼면계약이 기본형이 되고 있고 그에 따른 권리와 의무의 분석이 문제가 된다. 당사자간에 다양한 이익충돌이 발생하는 경우들이 증가하고 있는데, 주최자로서는 주최를 통해 자사의 홍보효과를 얻거나 수익구조를 창출하고자 하며, 주관자는 대회의 운영을 통한 주관료 수입 및 대회를 통해 생산되는 기보 등에 대한 권리를 확보하는 것이 중요하고, 후원자는 비용을 부담하는 입장에서 기전운영을 통해 최대한의 홍보효과를 얻는 것에 관심이 있다. 그러나 이러한 3당사자의 이해관계는 서로 충돌하는 경우도 있는바, 이 글에서는 주요 국내외 기전의 운영계약서를 기초로 당사자들의 권리의무를 분석해 봄으로써 기전운영이 안정되게 이루어지는 동시에 기전시장이 확대될 수 있는 법적 기초를 모색하고 있다.

대장과 직장의 신경내분비암종

김동훈,이우용,윤해란,최영철,조용범,윤성현,김희철,전호경 대한대장항문학회 2009 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.25 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review our experience with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon and rectum to highlight the clinical and pathological characteristics in this relatively uncommon malignancy. Methods: From December 1995 to December 2006, 11 patients with NEC were identified from our database of 6,143 colorectal cancer patients (0.18%), which does not include carcinoid tumors. The pathology was retrospectively reviewed and the tumors were categorized as pure NEC, including well-differentiated NEC (n=3), poorly-differentiated (n=3) and mixed endocrine/ exocrine tumor (n=5) on the basis of the histology and immunohistochemical findings. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 yr (range, 37 to 69 yr). The tumors were located as follows: 8 in the colon and 3 in the rectum. The diagnosis of NEC was suggested preoperatively from the tissue biopsy in 2 of 9 patients (22.2%). The tumors were advanced at the time of diagnosis, with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III (n=7) and Stage IV disease (n=4). Most tumors stained positive by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin (7/9, 77.8%); however, chromogranin was expressed in 4 of 9 NEC tumors (44.4%). Metastatic disease was detected at the time of diagnosis in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients. The median survival for NEC was 16 mo (3.6-67.4 mo), and for pure NEC and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor was 4.1 mo and 23.6 mo, respectively. Conclusion: NEC had distinctive cytoarchitectural features and was often immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers. Our findings showed that pure NEC had aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to review our experience with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon and rectum to highlight the clinical and pathological characteristics in this relatively uncommon malignancy. Methods: From December 1995 to December 2006, 11 patients with NEC were identified from our database of 6,143 colorectal cancer patients (0.18%), which does not include carcinoid tumors. The pathology was retrospectively reviewed and the tumors were categorized as pure NEC, including well-differentiated NEC (n=3), poorly-differentiated (n=3) and mixed endocrine/ exocrine tumor (n=5) on the basis of the histology and immunohistochemical findings. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 yr (range, 37 to 69 yr). The tumors were located as follows: 8 in the colon and 3 in the rectum. The diagnosis of NEC was suggested preoperatively from the tissue biopsy in 2 of 9 patients (22.2%). The tumors were advanced at the time of diagnosis, with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III (n=7) and Stage IV disease (n=4). Most tumors stained positive by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin (7/9, 77.8%); however, chromogranin was expressed in 4 of 9 NEC tumors (44.4%). Metastatic disease was detected at the time of diagnosis in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients. The median survival for NEC was 16 mo (3.6-67.4 mo), and for pure NEC and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor was 4.1 mo and 23.6 mo, respectively. Conclusion: NEC had distinctive cytoarchitectural features and was often immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers. Our findings showed that pure NEC had aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis.

Stress-induced Alterations in Mast Cell Numbers and Proteinaseactivated Receptor-2 Expression of the Colon: Role of Corticotrophin-releasing Factor

김동훈,조영주,김장희,김영배,이광재 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.9

This study was performed in order to assess whether acute stress can increase mast cell and enterochromaffin (EC) cell numbers, and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) expression in the rat colon. In addition, we aimed to investigate the involvement of corticotrophinreleasing factor in these stress-related alterations. Eighteen adult rats were divided into 3experimental groups: 1) a saline-pretreated non-stressed group, 2) a saline-pretreated stressed group, and 3) an astressin-pretreated stressed group. The numbers of mast cells, EC cells, and PAR2-positive cells were counted in 6 high power fields. In proximal colonic segments, mast cell numbers of stressed rats tended to be higher than those of nonstressed rats, and their PAR2-positive cell numbers were significantly higher than those of non-stressed rats. In distal colonic segments, mast cell numbers and PAR2-positive cell numbers of stressed rats were significantly higher than those of non-stressed rats. Mast cell and PAR2-positive cell numbers of astressin-pretreated stressed rats were significantly lower than those of saline-pretreated stressed rats. EC cell numbers did not differ among the three experimental groups. Acute stress in rats increases mast cell numbers and mucosal PAR2 expression in the colon. These stress-related alterations seem to be mediated by release of corticotrophin-releasing factor.

불안의 항변권과 매수인의 대금지급거절권의 비교 - 대상판결 : 대법원 2006. 10. 26. 선고 2004다24106, 24113 판결

김동훈 국민대학교 법학연구소 2007 법학논총 Vol.20 No.1

본 판결에서 핵심적인 논점은 이행거절권의 실질적 요건이 갖추어진 경우에 선이행의무자는 이행거절권을 행사하지 않고 이행기를 도과하여도 이행지체책임을 면하는가이다. 대상판결은 종래의 판례의 입장을 추종하여 “이행거절의 의사를 구체적으로 밝히지 아니하여도 이행거절의 권능의 자체로 이행지체의 책임은 발생하지 않는다.”고 한다. 그러나 이행의무자의 불안에 기초한 이행거절권 성립의 모호성과 유동성을 고려할 때 이행의무자는 자신의 이행기에 즈음하여 이행거절의 의사를 상대방에게 표시하여야 하는 것이 원칙이라고 보아야 할 것이다. 다만 상대방의 이행이 곤란할 상황의 심각성에 비례하여 거절의사의 표명의 구체성은 다소 완화될 수는 있을 것이다. 나아가 대상판결은 이행거절권은 근거로서 제536조 제2항의 불안의 항변권과 제588조의 대금지급거절권을 병렬적으로 제시하였다. 본고에서는 이에 관해 몇 가지 점에서 분석을 시도하여 보았다. 무엇보다 양 제도가 다 반대급부의 확정적 취득에 대한 불안의 해소를 위한 것이라는 점에서 공통의 기반을 가지고 있으며 이것은 양 제도의 운영에 있어서 서로 참고가 되는바, 불안의 항변권의 해석과 운용에 있어 대금지금거절권이 명시하는 ‘위험의 한도’나 불안의 해소로서 ‘담보제공’ 등의 법리가 고려되는 것은 그 대표적인 예라고 할 것이다. Das gegenständige Urteil behandelt einen Rückgabeanspruch des Käufers von schon bezahlten Verzugszinzen. Der Käufer behauptet er hatte das Recht, Bezahlung des Kaufpreises zu verweigern, weil der Verkäufer ihn sehr unsicher machte, ob der Verkäufer seine Leistung erfüllen konnte. Der Hauptpunkt heisst ob wer Unsicherheitseinrede ausüben will, seinen Willen erklären sollte, oder automatisch seine Verweigerungsrecht entstheht. Im Gengensatz zu dem Urteil behauptet der Aufsatz, dass die Unklarheit der Voraussetzungen der Unsicherheitseinrede benötigt eine klare Offenbarung, seine Vorleistungspflicht zu verweigern. Ausserdem verweist das Urteil als noch einen Grund Kaufpreisverweigerungsrecht des Käufers, das über eine römischen Institution, dh. "exceptio evictionis imminentis" zurückgeht. Der Aufsatz analysiert Verhältniss von beiden Ansprüchen und beschlisst, dass beide gleicherweise auf Erlöschung der Unsicherheit wurzeln.

Evaporated Liquid Nitrogen-Induced Asphyxia: A Case Report

김동훈,이형종 대한의학회 2008 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.23 No.1

A 27-yr-old postgraduate student was found lying at the floor of an unsealed underground dry area, where a valve-opened empty cylinder of liquid nitrogen (150 L) was connected to a cap-removed empty Dewar-flask (10 L) via a copper infusion tube. No injury was found externally or internally. There were petechiae in the bilateral conjunctivae and periorbital skin. The dry area, measuring 300×130×260 cm, had a communication to the basement of the research building by a window measuring 90×60 cm in size at 130 cm above the floor. The scene reconstruction and atmosphere gas analysis revealed that the O2 concentration at 60 cm above the base dropped to 12.0% in 3 min and 10 sec, 10.0% in 8 min and 53 sec, 6.0% in 18 min and 40 sec, and 4.2% in 20 min and 28 sec. The primary cause of death was asphyxia by evaporated liquid nitrogen.

고순도 Aluminum 에 있어서 가공경화가 활성화 Energy 에 미치는 영향

김동훈,황성현,이병휘 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1969 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.6 No.4

99.9% 純度의 aluminum 試片을 加工硬化度에 따라서 恢復에 必要한 活成化 energy를 測定해 보았다. 4.75 ㎜ 直經의 aluminum捧을 10%, 20% 및 29%로 冷間壓縮加工을 實施하여 最終길이가 均一한 6 ㎜로 되게끔 하였다. 10% 및 29% 試片에 對하여 240∼330℃ 溫度區間에서 한時間 간격으로 isochronal annealing을 實施한 hardness data로부터 再結晶溫度가 304℃ 및 285℃ 임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 isochronal annealing을 290℃, 310℃, 및 330℃에서 實施한 結果 恢復에 必要한 活性化 energy는 각각 29,600㎈/㏖, 25,200㎈/㏖ 및 25,200㎈/㏖을 얻을 수 있었다. The effect of plastic deformation on the activation energy of recovery and recrystalization temperature of 99.9% purity polycrystalline Aluminum was investigated. The 10%, 20% and 29% cold compressed aluminum specimen were prepared from 4.75 ㎜ diameter cold drawn rod. From the hardness data obtained by isochronal annealing of one hour between the temperature range of 240℃-330℃ under hydrogen atmosphere, the recrystallization temperatures for 10% and 29% cold compressed were measured to be 304℃ and 285℃ respectively. On the other hand, from the hardness data obtained by isothermal annealing at the temperature range of 290℃-330℃, the activation energy of recovery for 10%, 20% and 29% cold compressed were deduced as 29,600, 25,200 and 22,500 ㎈/㏖ respectively. The activation energy of recovery can be expressible in linear equation in terms of the stored energy of plastic deformation.

스마트 & 그린 오토메이션 기술 현황과 미래

김동훈 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 Workshop Vol.2011 No.10