Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics

Gui-Sun Moon,Sun-Woong Kim,Jeong-Ah Shin,Hae-Kyung Wee,Jong Un Park,Myung-Kwan Park,Wonil Chung 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.99 No.-

Gui-Sun Moon, Sun-Woong Kim, Jeong-Ah Shin, Hae-Kyung Wee, Jong Un Park, Myung-Kwan Park, and Wonil Chung. 2018. Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics. Studies in Modern Grammar 99, 85-115. This paper aims to investigate Korean advanced L2 English learners’ strategies for ellipsis resolution during sentence processing. Ellipsis resolution is known to involve several stages of information processing from the initial step of detecting an ellipsis-licensing element by the parser to the final stage of integrating the ellipsis site with the information retrieved from the antecedent of the ellipsis site. In examining these steps, we have manipulated three factors: (i) TP vs. VP-ellipsis; (ii) two types of discourse coherence relations (resemblance(-contrast) vs. cause-effect relations); (iii) voice match vs. mismatch. We found through the ERP recordings that voice mismatch in TP ellipsis elicited N400, followed by P600, irrespective of discourse coherence relations. In contrast, voice mismatch in VP-ellipsis registered N400 only in resemblance(-contrast) relation, but not in cause-effect relation. These findings lead us to conclude that Korean advanced L2 learners of English seem to undergo the full sequence of processing stages required for ellipsis resolution.

Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

기업광고의 기업 이미지 변화 효과에 관한 실험연구

정희선,박철 德成女子大學校 1993 德成女大論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Hi-sun Chung & Cheol Park. An Experimental Study of Corporate Advertising Effectiveness on Corporate Image Change. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of corporate advertising on corporate image through an experimental research design. The major findings of the study are as follows: (1) the corporate advertising has a positive effect on the corporate image change, but it is not strong enough to be of any statistical significance; (2) a significant difference in audience response is found with varying types of corporate advertising and also with varying nature of the pre-existing corporate image-the sympathetic advertisements are more successful than the persuasive ones in inducing the more positive response, and the groups with favorable pre-existing image showed a more positive response than those with hostile pre-existing image; and (3) the nature of pre-existing corporate image is more influential than the nature of corporate advertising in shaping new corporate image.

Elevated TRAF2/6 expression in Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of Parkin E3 ligase activity.

Chung, Ji-Yun,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hye,Kim, Jin Sik,Jung, Youn-Sang,Hwang, Sang Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Seol, Won-Gi,Lee, Jaewon,Park, Bum-Joon United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.6

<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease, and is known to be induced by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Among the verified genetic mutations of PD, Parkin, isolated from the PARK2 locus, shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is known to be an E3 ligase. However, the physiological target of Parkin and the molecular mechanism of Parkin-deficiency-induced PD have not been clearly demonstrated until now. It has recently been proposed that inflammation, suggesting as a causal factor for PD, is enhanced by Parkin deficiency. Thus, we examined the relationship between inflammation-related factors and Parkin. Here, we provide the evidence that Parkin suppresses inflammation and cytokine-induced cell death by promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2/6 (TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2/6). Overexpression of Parkin can reduce the half-lives of TRAF2 and TRAF6, whereas si-Parkin can extend them. However, mutant Parkins did not alter the expression of TRAF2/6. Thus, loss of Parkin enhances sensitivity to TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced JNK activation and NF-κB activation. Indeed, si-Parkin-induced apoptosis is suppressed by the knockdown of TRAF6 or TRAF2. We also observed elevated expression levels of TRAF6 and a reduction of IκB in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model. Moreover, elevated expression levels or aggregation of TRAF6 were detected in approximately half of the human PD tissues (7/15 cases) and 2 cases, respectively. In addition, TRAF6 and Parkin expression levels show a reverse relationship in human PD tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the reduction of Parkin or overexpression of TRAF2/6 by chronic inflammation would be the reason for occurrence of PD.</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

대중매체 속의 여성과 남성

박충선 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1999 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구에서는 우리 생활속에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 대중매체의 성차별적 요소를 알아 보고자 하였다. 대중매체의 총아라고 할 수 있는 텔레비전의 드라마를 대상으로 하여, 드라마속의 등장인물들에 대한 이미지 분석을 통해 남성과 여성에 대한 고정관념을 살펴 보았다. 구체적인 연구 방법은 드라마의 등장인물들에 대한 평가를 하기 위하여, 등장인물의 특성, 등장인물간의 관계분석, 사회적 관계, 그리고 성 차별적 현상 등의 영역으로 나누어 문항을 구성하였으며, 분석기법은 주로 내용분석이였고, 시청자들의 평가에 대하여 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여, 전반적으로 과거 보다는 긍정적으로 변하기는 하였지만, 여전히 대중매체가 여성과 남성의 고정관념을 부정적으로 전달하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 등장인물들도 성별에 따라 고정된 활동 범위, 언어사용, 행동, 가치관 속에서 묘사되므로써 시청자로하여금 무의식적으로 그러한 이미지를 수용하게 하고 있음을 보여 주었다. 대중매체는 없어서는 안될 의사전달 수단인 동시에 문화형성의 중요한 역할을 한다는 점에서 성차별적 요소를 제거하여 성평등적인 이미지 전달을 담당해야 할 것으로 본다.

여성노인의 복지욕구실태와 대책에 관한 연구

박충선 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2001 社會科學硏究 Vol.9 No.3

본 논문의 목적은 여성노인의 복지 욕구를 보다 정확히 파악하기 위하여, 여성노인들이 현재 처하고 있는 실태를 살펴보고, 이들이 복지 욕구를 분석하여 대책을 마련하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는데 있다. 지난 20여년 동안 전체인구에서 노년층이 차지하는 비율을 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 이러한 노년층의 상당수가 여성노인임을 감안할 때, 노년층의 복지를 증진시키기 위하여서는 무엇보다도 여성노인들의 복지 욕구를 파악하여 이에 대한 대책을 세우는 것이 효율적인 방법이라고 생각된다. 본 논문에서는 여성노인들의 복지욕구를 가족관계, 경제적 측면, 건강, 여가활동, 주거, 그리고 소비활동의 영역으로 나누어서 각 영역에서의 실태를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 여성노인들의 복지욕구는 더 이상 단순한 개인적 차원에서 충족될 수 있는 것이 아니라 보다 거시적이고 지속적인 정책적 틀 속에서 해결되어야만 한다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 앞으로 여성노인을 위한 복지정책은 여성노인이라는 사회적 특수성과 개인적 특성을 고려한 적절한 정책이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Nutcracker 증후군의 진단에 있어서 도플러 초음파검사의 유용성 : Diagnostic Usefulness of Doppler US

박병관,김승협,조정연,성창규,박선원,한만청 대한초음파의학회 1998 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.17 No.2

약물로 인해 유발된 좌불안석증에서 세로토닌 차단제인 Cyproheptadine의 효과

정동선,박인준,권영준,정희연,한선호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

목 적 : 약물로 인해 유발된 좌불안석증은 항정신병 약물로 치료받은 환자에게서 자주 발생한다. 항세로토닌 제제인 Cyproheptadine은 좌불안석증 환자들을 치료키 위해 사용되어져 왔다. 방 법 : 21명의 항정신병 약물로 치료받은 좌불안석증을 동반한 환자들이 4일간에 걸쳐 하루 16mg의 Cyproheptadine을 투여 받았다. 좌불안석증에 대한 평가는 Barnes' rating scale을 이용하여 이루어졌다. 우울증과 정신병증상의 정도가 Brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS)와 Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D)에 의해 평가되어졌다. 결 과 :좌불안석증을 보인 대부분의 환자들이(20/21) Cyproheptadine 치료에서 호전을 보여주었다. 치료기간에 정신병이나 우울증의 악화는 없었다. Cyproheptadine 투여가 중단되었을 때 좌불안석증의 증상은 악화되었다. 결 론 : Cyproheptadine은 약물로 인해 유발된 좌불안석증 치료에 유용하다. Objective : Neuroleptic Induced Akathisia(NIA) often occurs in neuroleptic treated patients. Cyproheptadine, an antiserotonergic agent, was used to treat neuroleptic induced akathisia. Method : In an open trial 21 neuroleptic-treated patients with akathisia were administrated Cyproheptadine(16mg/day) over 4 days. Assessment of akathisia was evaluated using Barnes' rating scale(BAS) for neuroleptic induced akathisia. The degree of depression and psychosis were assessed by brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS) and Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D). Result : Most patients(20 of 21) with neuroleptic induced akathsia(NIA) showed improvement under the treatment of cyproheptadine. There was no aggravation of psychosis or depression during the treatment. Symptoms of akathisia aggravated when cyproheptadine was discontinued. Conclusion : Cyproheptadine may be useful in the treatment of neuroleptic induced akathisia(NIA).

呈才 服食 色彩에 관한 硏究

정은혜,박재선 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to know the different styles and symbolic meaning of Jeong-Jae's costumes. For the purpose of this study, it was conducted based on the various variables identified in an extensive review of related literature in the reigns of Sun-Jo(28th and 29th), Hun-Jong(14th), Go-Jong(24th), and Kwang-Mu(6th). The findings of this study were following as; (1)our traditional clothing was influenced by the incoming of the dress system of china which was attributed to the principles of Um-Yang, and the five elements and to the concept of Tae-Il. This foreign color concept was applied to the Jeong-Jae: (2) the Jeong-Jae had been changing in its many aspects through the time. But according to the five colors, the dress and its color had been changing: (3) with the color of the dress and its omament, there is a difference between the upper and lower suit in the colors of the Yang are blue, red, yellow, black, white and the Um are red, green , dark blue, jade green and black green. These compound colors were used in a very colorful way and the principles of Um-Yang and the five elements lie at the root of using these colors particularly in blue, white, red, black and yellow: (4) in the 29th year of Sun-Jo's reign, the Lee-Nam-Saek-Sang-Pyo-Hong-Cho-Sang was used widely. This used colors could not be used by a non-official civilian. There was the strict restriction of dress and omament. So, the queen wore dresses with yellow and red, the queen and the crown princess with red and the princess and the woman in a noble family with green. But in the Jeong-Jae dress and its omament, there was no classification: (5) the Mu-Go and the Cheo-Yung dancing dress which use the five colors clearly have their dress and its omament by the principles of Um-Yang, and the five elements. The Jeong-Jae-Yeo-Ryeong dress has the basic dress and its omament. The findings of these results implied that with isokinetic exercise programs used in this study, it is possible to recover muscular function in athletes with chronic ankle sprain. It was also indicated that extensive training involving a high number of repetitions and eccentric contractions was safe, effective, and well tolerated for the athletes with chronic ankle sprain.