정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Ag-TiO₂ 광촉매 공정을 이용한 Fulvic acid의 제거

이병헌 ( Byung-hun Lee ),김민경 ( Min-gyeong Kim ) 한국수처리학회 2017 한국수처리학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This study is to remove fulvic acid of natural organic matters(NOMs) that existed in water and polluted in the water system. Fulvic acids show a high reactivity towards chlorine and make trihalomethanes in water treatment. The optimum conditions for the removal of natural organic matters were investigated using photocatalytic oxidation, which is and advanced oxidation process. For the more effective photocatalytic reaction than the conventional photocatalytic reaction, Ag was added and the experiment was conducted. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the appropriate amount of Ag injection. Fulvic acid was selected as Natural Organic Matter(NOM). TiO₂ was fixed to the reactor at 300 g/L and a UV lamp with a wavelength of 254 + 185 nm was used in the experiment. Experiments were conducted under the conditions of Ag of 0.15 - 5.8 g / L, reaction time of 10 - 70 min, and irradiation density of 9.5 - 13.7 W / L. Experimental results showed that the optimum removal rate was Ag 3.5 g/L, irradiation density 13 W/L and reaction time 50 min.

온도 유지시간 제어를 적용한 하이브리드 분말 압출 공정을 통한 요구 특성의 스퍼기어 제조

이경훈(Kyung Hun Lee),황대원(Dae Won Hwang),김병민(Byung Min Kim) 대한기계학회 2011 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.35 No.8

본 연구는 압출 시 성형온도를 유지하여 Zn-22Al 합금분말의 성형성을 향상시키는 하이브리드 분말 압출 공정의 개발 및 온도 유지시간이 압출된 스퍼기어의 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 피치원 지름 1.8mm 의 소형 스퍼기어는 압출온도 290, 300, 310℃에서 성형되었다. 볼밀시간 32h 의 Zn-22Al 합금분말을 압출온도 310℃에서 압출 시 표면 결함이 없는 소형 기어가 제조되었다. 경도분포는 기어 중심부와 치형부에서 불균일하였고 소결공정 후 내부 변형에너지의 차이로 인해 내부균열이 발생하였다. 위와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 온도 유지시간 제어를 이용한 하이브리드 압출 연구를 수행하였다. 압출된 스퍼기어의 평가는 압출하중, 비커스 경도 및 치수정밀도 측정을 통해 이루어졌다. 온도 유지시간 15min 에서 압출된 스퍼기어의 기계적 성질이 가장 우수하였다. In this study, a hybrid powder-extrusion process involving the control of temperature dwelling time for improving the formability of Zn-22Al powder was developed and the effect of dwelling time on the mechanical properties of a spur gear with a pitch circle having a diameter of 1.8 mm was investigated. General extrusion experiments were carried out at different temperatures such as 290, 300, and 310°C. Spur gears with good qualities and without any surface defects were obtained in the case of extrusion temperature of 310°C and ball-milling duration of 32 h. The Vickers hardness distribution was non-uniform, and after the sintering process, an internal crack was generated because of the different deformation energy between gear central part and teeth. To overcome the abovementioned problems, research on controlling the dwelling time of the extrusion temperature in the powder-extrusion process was carried out. Good-quality spur gears were obtained when the dwelling time was 15 min.

일측전정기과 손상 희쥐의 전정보상과정에서 뇌간 신경핵의 cAMP-Response Element Binding 단백질 활성화

윤상대,이정헌,김진호,김민선,박병림 대한이비인후과학회 2001 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.44 No.12

저산소성 허혈성 뇌손상을 유발시킨 어린 백서에서 Myeloperoxidase 측정 검사

양혜정(Hae Joung Yang),피대훈(Dae Hun Pee),임지혜(Ji Hye Lim),최병민(Byung Min Choi),이기형(Kee Hyoung Lee),은백린(Baik-Lin Eun) 대한소아신경학회 2002 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.10 No.2

목 적 : 예전에는 뇌경색 부위에서 발견되는 백혈구를 단지 뇌손상에 뒤따르는 생리적인 반응으로만 생각하였으나 최근 10년 사이 재관류 손상에서도 백혈구에 의한 염증 작용이 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려지면서 이들의 역할에 대한 연구가 새롭게 이루어지고 있다. PML의 존재는 세포질내 과립에서 분비되는 MPO를 생화학적으로 측정함으로서 증명할 수 있는데 저자들은 미성숙 뇌에서 저산소성 허혈증에 의한 뇌손상이 발생할 때 백혈구가 침윤되는 과정을 MPO 측정 검사를 통하여 관찰하였고, P와 L-selectin 억제제인 Fucoidin을 투여한 후 MPO의 변화를 확인하였다. 방 법 : 생후 7일된 어린 흰쥐를 사용하여 우측총 경동맥을 전기 응고시켜 자르고 8% 산소에 노출시켰다. 저산소 노출 후 회복 시간에 따라 동물을 희생시키고 뇌를 추출하여 뇌조직 1 g당 10mL의 20 mM potassium Phosphate buffer(pH 7.4)를 첨가하여 50초간 분쇄하였다. 각각의 균질회된 조직 샘플들은 4℃에서 20분 동안 원심 분리하여 상층액을 제거한 후, 침전물은 처음 조직량에 따라 조직 1 g당 10 mL의 0.5% cetylditrimethylethyl ammonium bromide(wt/vol)가 첨가된 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 6.0)를 첨가하였다. Vortex를 이용하여 buffer와 침전물을 잘 섞고 60℃수조에서 120분 동안 방치하였다. 그 후 각 조직 샘플들을 4 watts에서 음파처리하고 4℃에서 15분 동안 원심 분리를 시행하여 상층액을 새로운 tube에 옮겼다. MPO 측정검사를 위한 MPO reaction buffer는 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 6.0) 100 mL에 0.53 mM odianisidine edihydrochlorde와 0.0005% HO를 섞어 만들었다. MPO reaction solution 2.9 mL에 각각의 MPO sample 0.1 mL을 첨가하여 460 nm의 파장에서 5분 동안 MPO에 다른 흡광도 차이를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 조직내 백혈구 침윤의 지표로 측정한 MPO 활성도는 대조군에서는 미미하였으나 총 경동백을 절단한 우측 대뇌군에서는 허혈 및 저산소증 유발 후 8시간째부터 현저히 증가되기 시작하여 24시간 경과 후 발현이 가장 높았으며, Fucoidin 50 mg/kg으로 전처치한 약물 실험군에서는 MPO 활성도가 현저히 감소하였다. 결 론 : 백혈구는 미성숙 뇌의 저산소성 허혈증에 의한 뇌손상에서 중요한 매개체 역할을 하며, 백혈구의 생화학적 활성도를 나타내는 MPO 활성도는 저산소성 허혈성 뇌손상의 정도를 측정하는 지표로 이용될 수 있다고 생각된다. Purpose : Neutrophils found around an infarcted area in the brain was once considered as only the physiologic response following the brain injury, but recent studies have shown that inflammatory responses by neutrophils play an important role in the reperfusion injury. The presence of ploymorphonuclear leukocytes(PML) is proven by biochemical assay of myeloperoxidase(MPO) Secreted in the cytoplasmic granules. We observed the process of PML infiltration on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury of immature rats by the assay of MPO activity and changes of the MPO activity after the administration of fucoidin, inhibitor of P- and L-selectin. Methods : We used a well characterized model of the brains of 7 day-old-rats, which had unilateral hypoxic and ischemic injuries(HI). Those injuries were induced by unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by timed exposure to hypoxic inspiratory gas mixture(8% O). MPO activity was measured in the brain tissue homogenates of HI rats(n=18) at 0, 2, 8, 24 and 48 hrs and in rats that received fucoidin immediately before and again after hypoxia(50 mg/kg, n=6) at 8 and 24 hrs. Controls(n=2) were rats with neither hypoxia nor ischemia. The brain samples were homogenized in 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) for 50 secs. The homogenate was centrifuged at 14,000 g at 4℃ for 15 mins and the supernatant was discarded. The tissue was pulverized, weighed, and suspended in 1 mL of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 6.0) contatining 0.5% cetylditrimethylammonium bromide(wt/vol). The tissue was sonicated and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 15 mins. 200 µL of the supernatant was mixed with 1 mL of 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 6.0) containing 10 μL of 1.325 mM o-dianisidine hydrochloride and 170 µL of 3% hydrogen peroxide(vol/vol). Changes in absorbance at 460 nm were measured for 5 mins by using microplate reader. One unit of MPO activity was defined as that degrading 1 µmol peroxide/min at 25℃, and the result was expressed as units of MPO/100 gm tissue. Results : In HI rats, MPO activity increased at 2 hrs after HI and peaked at 24 hrs in the right hemisphere. In rats with fucoidin treatment immediately before and again after hypoxia, the MPO activity significantly decreased in both hemispheres compared with HI rats(P<0.05). MPO activity in the tissue of control rats was insignificant. Conclusion : The dynamic changes of the MPO activity suggest the important role of PMN on hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries in immature rats. MPO activity could be used as an index of the severity of injuries of hypoxic-ischemic brains.

性非行 靑少年의 家族力動

閔秉根,金憲秀 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.3

The present study was intended to examine the relationship between adolescent's sexual violence and its structural, demographic and psychological variables of the family and to establish basic guideline data for preventing adolescent from conducting juvenile sex crimes. Data were collected through questionnaire survey and direct interview. Subjects served for this study consisted of 2,197 adolescents, including 48 juvenile sex offenders, 709 other misbehavioral delinquents and 1,440 adolescent students in Korea, sample from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutions, using random sampling method. Their age ranged between 12 and 21. The actual number of cases put into the analyses was 1,893 including 489 delinquents and 1,404 adolescent students. Data were analysed by CDC-174 computer of KAIST, using SPSS program. Statistical method employed were Chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Of the 757 delinquents, 48 were cases of sexual violence(rape). Their family structures such as family size and type tended to have significant relationship with juvenile sex violences and other misbehaviors. That is, the extended family type with more than 9 family members including grandparent, parent and siblings was significantly related to juvenile sex crimes, whereas other misbehavioral delinquency was significantly related to the nuclear family type of within 3 family members including parent and himself. 2) In both violent sex delinquents and other misbehavioral delinquents had experienced frequent separation with their parents. their self-reported reasons for separation with their parents were “their own runaway”. “poor socio-economic status of family” and “parental divorce or separation” etc., in the order named. 3) Of all the factors affecting trends in juvenile violent sex behaviors and other misbehaviors, the structural and demographic variables of family including adolescent's ages, religious background, their educational level, and parental ages and education levels seem to exert the greater influence. In the case of sexual delinquents, they had experienced violent sex crimes between 14 and 19 of age(from 2nd grade of middle school to 2nd grade of high school), at the peak age of 13 to 14, while other hand, juvenile violent sex behaviors were significantly associated with their own and parental belief of the Oriental religion, the lower educational level of parents, and the younger age (below 39) or the older ae(over 50) of parents. But other misbehavioral delinquents and their parents seem to believe the Occidental religion. Their parental education level also was lower(graduation from middle school). The age of other delinquent's parent was ranged between 40 and 49. 4) Compared to the respondents involved juvenile sex crimes and other juvenile offends, more parents were clerical or skilled laborers(paternal : 54.2 vs. 48.6 percents ; maternal : 37.5 vs. 28.1 percents). Most parents were dissatisfied with their job situation. the 1st rank order of parental birth was significantly correlated to their children's sex violent behaviors. 5) There was the tendency for the defective parental child-rearing patterns to exert the great influence upon juvenile sex crimes and/or other misbehaviors. The more were maternal attitudes punishment-oriented constrict disciplined, restricted and conservative toward their children, the higher occurred their children's sex violent behaviors. On the other hand, the more were paternal attitudes self-centered restrictedly ruled, and punishment-oriented toward their children, the higher occurred their children's other misbehaviors. 6) The parent's marital bond and the psychological climate of family presented the significant relationship with juvenile sex criminal behaviors and other misbehaviors. Marital bond of dominant mother-weak father and parental overprotection was significantly correlated to juvenile sex crimes. Maternal indifference toward their children due to being busy working and paternal weakness exerted strong influence on their children's sex violent behaviors. Therefore, childrens tended to avoid to closely contact with their parents, and to be dissatisfied with undesirable family environment with uncooperative interaction among family members. On the other hand, in the case of other misbehavioral delinquents, their parent's marital bond was more marital skew. Therefore their misbehaviors were significantly correlated to parental overrejection and alienated parent-child relationship.

알레르기 뮤신을 지닌 만성 부비동염의 임상적 특징

동헌종,김성민,장병찬 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.3

5-Fluorouracil이 鷄胎眠球 成長에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

閔丙憲 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1979 충남의대잡지 Vol.6 No.2

The author has studied the effcet of 5-fluorouracil on the development of the eye-ball in the chick embryo, which is recently drawing attention in the aspect of its relation to the growth inhibition and malformation as anticarcinogenic agent. On the sixth day of incubation, 0.25mg and 0.50mg of 5-fluorouracil were injected into the chorioallantoic membrane each incubated egg of two groups, and the egg was broken for weighing the eye-ball on the day of 12th, 14th, 16th, and 18th. The effects of doses on the growth were analyzed by the analysis of variance method. The formulas applied to determine the specific growth parameters : y=a+bt+ct^2, y= bx^α and relative growth and the results thus obtained were summarized as follows : 1. There was significance of growth quantity between control and injected groups, and between 0.25mg and 0.50mg injected groups (P<0.005). 2. The growth rate was decreased with development in all groups. 3. The specific growth rate of all groups showed tendency of decrease. The order of the tendency is 0.25mg, 0.50mg injected group and control group. 4. The growth centers of the growth gradient in all groups were the eighteenth day of incubation 5. The coefficient of relative growth in injected groups to control group showed positive allometry. 6. When injected with 5-fluorouracil, eye-balls in the chick embryo were observed with remarkable growth inhibition. The effect in the group injected With 0.50mg was stronger than that in the group injected with 0.25mg.

부부관계, 부부역동성 및 가정폭력이 청소년비행에 미치는 영향

민병근,김헌수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 청소년 비행에 대한 부부관계, 부부역동성, 청소년 개인의 성격적 특성과 성별 및 가정폭력의 영향력정도 및 제변수간의 상관성을 파악하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 조사연구로서 자료수집 방법은 설문지 조사법, 학생생활기록부, 소년원 생활기록부 참조와 필요시 면담 방법을 병행하였다. 연구대상자는 현재 중학교 1학년에서 고등학교 3학년까지 재학중인 학생청소년 1,236명과 소년원, 분류심사원에 재소중인 비행·범죄 청소년 707명을 연구대상으로 선정하였으며 연구대상자의 연령범위는 12세에서 18세 사이에 있었다. 표본추출방법은 비례층화 표본 추출법을 적용하여 지역(서울-지방) 및 조사기관의 유형(중학교, 고등학교, 소년원, 분류심사원)을 함께 고려하여 조사대상집단을 무작위로 선정하였다. 총 표집 대상자 1,943명중 불충분한 응답을 한 80명을 제외한 1,863명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 자료처리는 연구자와 보조 연구원들이 면담, 설문지법, 학교생활기록부나 기타 소년원재원 기록에서 얻은 자료를 종합 검토하여 불충분한 자료는 제거한후 SAS프로그램을 통하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 통계방법은 Chi-square검정, t검정, 상관관계 분석 및 경로 분석법 등이었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 가설검정 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 부부관계가 나쁠수록 가정폭력이 많아지고 청소년 자녀의 욕구 좌절이 높아져 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 부부관계가 가정폭력에 미치는 직접효과(0.403), 가정폭력이 청소년 욕구 좌절에 미치는 직접효과(0.096)와 욕구좌절이 비행에 미치는 직접효과(0.076)가 통계적으로 유의하여 이 가설은 지지되었다. 2) 부부관계가 나쁠수록 가정폭력이 많아지고 청소년 자녀의 반 사회적 성향이 높아져 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 부부관계가 가정폭력에 미치는 직접효과(0.403), 가정폭력이 청소년의 반사회적 성향에 미치는 직접효과(0.131)와 반사회적 성향이 비행에 미치는 직접효과(0.262)가 통계적으로 유의하여 이 가설은 지지되었다. 3) 부부관계가 나쁠수록 가정폭력이 많아지고 청소년자녀의 정신신체증상호소성향이 높아져 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 부부관계가 가정폭력에 미치는 직접효과(0.403)가 통계적으로 유의한 수준이었으며, 가정폭력이 청소년 자녀의 정신신체증상호소성향에 미치는 직접적 효과는 없었으나 간접효과(0.060)와 부부관계가 정신신체증상호소성향에 미치는 직접효과(0.084) 및 정신신체 증상이 비행행동에 미치는 직접효과(0.186)가 통계적으로 유의하여 이 가설은 지지되었다. 4) 부부역동성이 역기능적일수록 가정폭력이 많아지고 청소년 자녀의 욕구좌절이 높아져 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 부부역동성이 가정폭력에 미치는 직접효과(0.305), 가정폭력이 청소년 욕구좌절에 미치는 직접효과(0.096)와 욕구좌절이 비행에 미치는 직접효과(0.076)가 통계적으로 유의하여 이 가설은 지지되었다. 5) 부부역동성이 역기능적일수록 가정폭력이 많아지고 청소년 자녀의 반사회적 성향이 높아져 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 부부역동성이 가정폭력에 미치는 직접효과(0.305), 가정폭력이 청소년 자녀의 반사회적 성향에 미치는 직접효과(0.131)와 반사회적 성향이 비행에 미치는 직접효과(0.262)가 통계적으로 유의하여 이 가설은 지지되었다. 6) 부부역동성이 역기능적일수록 가정폭력이 많아지고 청소년 자녀의 정신신체증상호소성향이 높아져 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 부부역동성이 가정폭력에 미치는 직접효과(0.305)가 통계적으로 유의한 수준이었으며, 가정폭력이 청소년 자녀의 정신신체증상호소성향에 미치는 직접적 효과는 없으나 간접효과(0.060)와 부부역동성이 정신신체증상호소성향에 미치는 직접효과(0.105) 및 정신신체증상호소성향이 비행에 미치는 직접효과(0.186)가 통계적으로 유의하여 이 가설은 지지되었다. 7) 남성청소년이 여성청소년보다 욕구좌절, 반사회적 성향, 정신신체증상호소성향이 높아 비행행동을 많이 할 것이다. 성별차이가 반 사회적 성향(0.057)과 비행행동(0.336)에 미치는 직접효과는 통계적으로 유의하였으나 욕구좌절과 정신신체증상호소성향이나 반사회적 성향에는 직접적 영향을 주지 않았다. Object : The family is one of the major socialization agencies for children. Parents are one of the most important models from whom the child and adolescent acquire a wide variety of behavior patterns, attitudes, values, and norms. The aim of this study was to determine the important factors related to family conflicts on juvenile delinquency and to examine relationship between marital relationship, conjugal dynamics, family violence, character of adolescent and delinquent behavior. Methods : Data collection was done through questionnaire survey. The subjects for this study consisted of 1,943 adolescents including 707 juvenile delinquents and 1,236 adolescents students in Korea, chosen from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile corrective institutions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. A sample of 1,863 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 agreed to participate for this study, 80 refused to participate. The actual number of cases put into the analysis was 1,863 adolescents including 657 juvenile delinquents and 1,206 adolescents students. Data were analysed by IBM PC using SAS program. In this study, independent variables were marital relationship, conjugal dynamics, sex distinction of adolescent and intermediating variables were family violence and character of adolescent including need satisfaction/frustration, antisocial personality tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms, and dependent variable was delinquent behavior. Statistical methods employed were χ²test, t-test, simple correlation and path analysis. Results : The results of this study were as follows : In this study, the two group(delinquent adolescents and student adolescents) of adolescents were seen as quite different with regard to the variables affecting the genesis and consolidation of juvenile delinquent behavior. The delinquent adolescents group were reared in the family environment that the significantly higher family violence and the more dysfunctional marital relationship and conjugal dynamics than student adolescents group. And the delinquent adolescent has the higher need frustration and antisocial personality tendency and the more complaints of psychosomatic symptoms than student adolescents. It was revealed that the negative marital relation, the dysfunctional conjugal dynamics raised family violence, as a outlet of intramatrimonial conflictivity. Afterwards the family violence has a significant influence on formation of character of adolescent such as need frustration, antisocial tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptom and consequently delinquent behavior. Especially, the most exerting influential variable on delinquent behavior in this path analysis were antisocial personality tendency(direct effect=0.262, indirect effect=0.103, total effect=0.365) and sex distinction(direct effect=0.336, indirect effect=-0.014, total effect=0.322). Family violence, character of adolescent including the extent of need frustration, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms were assumed a positive influence as direct and/or indirect paths on juvenile delinquent behavior. Marital relationship and conjugal dynamics have indirect influence on delinquent behavior among adolescents and have direct influence on family violence. Conclusions : The home environment including marital relationship and conjugal dynamics is the basis for genesis and aggravation of delinquent behavior. Maladaptive interactions within the family members and domestic violence will thus have negative consequences on a global scale including character of adolescent and delinquent behavior such as smoking, drinking, substance abuse, physical assaults etc. We suggested the cause-and-effect relationship between familial factors and juvenile delinquency. However, we should mention that this interaction can occur in bi-directions. This implies that therapeutic intervention should deal with the various links in the chain(sociofamilial, personality traits, gender difference etc.) involved in the genesis and consolidation of juvenile delinquent behavior.

2 CASES OF RABBIT SYNDROME : 토끼증후군 2례

민병근,이창화,안준호,천두욱,김헌수 울산대학교 의과대학 1994 울산의대학술지 Vol.3 No.2

The application of neuroleptics to schizophrenic and other psychotic patients in the early 1950's led to the therapeutic revolution into the psychiatry, on the other hand neuroleptic-related adverse effects did frequently occur. The authors experienced 2 cases of rabbit syndrome producing by rare complication of neuroleptic medication. Two cases were examined for the rabbit syndrome by the description of Villeneuve(1972) and Sovner and DiMascio(1977). The reciprocal coordination test and the finger-tapping technique to worsen the symptoms also were applied to two patients. The authors emphasized two issues of rabbit syndrome as follows. First, though the literature search showed that the majority of patients presented with rabbit syndrome which is usually seen after a prolonged exposure to neuroleptic medication with the more potency in the middle or elderly aged are over 45 years old, we suggest that this syndrome might be linked to the younger age factor and the low potency thioridazine in our patient. Second, the rabbit syndrome is in the importance of the clinical practice because of being readily reversible with antiparkinsonian agents or anticholinergic drugs. In addition, recognizing this condition and differentiating it from tardive dyskinesia helps in the choice of the proper treatment of orofacial disorders following neuroleptic medication for the long time.