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유기물과 탁질의 변동에 따른 모래여과/막여과시스템에 의한 정수처리
김지연 ( Ji-yeon Kim ),현길수 ( Kil-soo Hyun ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.1
A lake water having a good quality has been used for a drinking water source. However, the lake water quality depends on a seasonal change. The objective of this study was carried out to investigate the effects of rapid sand filteration (RSF) coupled with membrane filtration (MF) processes for an advanced treatment of lake water with the level of organics and turbid matters. Applied filtration rates during this experiment were < 120 m/d for RSF and 0.5 ㎥/㎡.d for MF. Influent concentration were on average turbidity < 100 ntu, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) < 9.5 mg/L, dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) < 0.560 mg/L, dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) < 0.016 mg/L, and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV<sub>254</sub>) < 0.240 cm-1,respectively. As a result, both SF process and RSF/MF system achieved 90% efficiencies in removing turbid matter. The removal efficiency of UV<sub>254</sub> and DOC were 30-40% for SF process and 69-78% for RSF/MF sytem. This indicates that the SF/MF system achieved 2 times higher than that of SF process in removing UV<sub>254</sub> and DOC. For transmembrane pressure (TMP), TMP increasing rate of MF was in proportion to an increasing rate of humic acid from 2 mg/L to 10 mg/.L These results indicate that the introduction of SF process prior to membrane filtration process is necessary for an cost-effective lake water treatment due to both efficient reduction of organic and turbid matters and membrane fouling mitigation due to the efficient reduction of TMP.
호소수 수질변동에 따른 GAC/MF시스템에 의한 정수처리
김지연 ( Ji-yeon Kim ),현길수 ( Kil-soo Hyun ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Membrane filtration technology has been applied to drinking water treatment and, grown steadily with public demand for high water quality and strict regulations. Membranes are considered a promising material to provide better quality drinking water by removing bacteria, viruses, microorganisms as well as particulate and organic matter. This study aims to investigate the effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption as a pretreatment before membrane filtration (MF) processes and evaluate the performance of GAC/MF systems for the treatment of lake water. Specifically, on water that has a relatively safe drinkable quality, which will depend on seasonal changes. Applied filtration rates during this experiment were <100 m/d for GAC and 0.5 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>.d for MF. As a result, both GAC bed and GAC/MF system achieved more than 90% efficiency in removing turbid and organic matters corresponding to UV254 and dissolved oxygen carbon (DOC). This indicates that the GAC adsorption and filtration was considerably effective for reducing foulants. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) at increased MF rates was in proportion to the increased humic acid rates in the range of 2 to 10 mg/.L These results indicate that the addition of a GAC bed prior to the membrane filtration process is necessary for cost-effective lake water treatment due to both efficient reductions of organic and turbid matter and membrane fouling mitigation due to reduction of the TMP.
리튬 이차전지 제조 공정으로부터 발생한 리튬 폐액의 재활용을 위한 전기 투석 수처리 장치의 리튬 농축 효율에 관한 연구
한덕현 ( Deokhyun Han ),정항철 ( Hangchul Jung ),김보람 ( Boram Kim ),김대원 ( Dae-weon Kim ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.5
The rapid market growth in recent years for eco-friendly electric vehicles and more generally, energy storage technologies, has led to an increase in demand for lithium which is a major raw material for lithium secondary batteries. The technology for producing lithium ions from lithium carbonate in seawater 25 L has been developed, but there are about 60 kinds of various ionic components, which is a difficult process, and only about 4 mg of lithium is recovered. In order to meet the demand of lithium, research is being actively conducted to recycle lithium secondary batteries that contain lithium and can be recycled as a circulating resource, but there is little research on recycling of waste liquid generated during the manufacturing process of lithium secondary batteries. Wastewater of lithium is thought to be able to efficiently concentrate lithium metal during recycling using an environmentally friendly electrodialysis water treatment process. In this study, lithium was concentrated using the electrodialysis of wastewater generated during the production of lithium-ion batteries. The efficiency of the electrodialysis varied according to the applied voltage and the volume ratio of the solution. However, due to the disadvantages of employing limited current densities, optimum conditions for the process needed to be selected. Therefore, the concentration efficiency of lithium was confirmed according to the process conditions, and optimum process conditions were derived. Lithium concentrated at the optimum conditions secured a concentration increase of about 128% compared to the initial concentration of wastewater.
장기운영을 통한 친환경 수처리 기술의 하천수 수질개선 효율 평가
한소정 ( Han So Jeong ),김병군 ( Kim Byung Goon ),김동섭 ( Kim Dong Sup ),강석형 ( Kang Suk Hyung ),이선주 ( Lee Sun Ju ),유혜원 ( Yu Hye Weon ),조유진 ( Jo Yu Jin ),김홍석 ( Kim Hong Suck ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2021 한국수처리학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Eco-friendly water treatment technology is emerging as a countermeasure to improve the quality of river water and source water. Among various eco-friendly water treatment technologies such as subsurface flow (SSF) and surface flow (SF) wetlands, vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) which is one of the SSF wetland is being used in the Netherlands as post-treatment for decentralized sewage treatment plants due to greater cold tolerance than general SF wetlands. In addition, SSF wetlands are less affected by seasonal water temperature fluctuations than SF wetlands, so they have the advantage of providing stable water treatment. In this study, an eco-friendly water treatment test-bed was installed for evaluation of applicability on river water (Yeongsan river water) at near Seung-chon weir and was operated for more than one year. A VFCW with 0.4 m/d showed excellent treatment efficiency of 83.8% turbidity 83.8%, SS 95.6%, BOD 93.6%, and T-P 73.7% and showed low treatment efficiency of 33.8% TOC and 31.0% T-N. At 1m/day, the treatment efficiency was similar to 0.4m/day. However, in the case of 2m/day or more, the treatment efficiency tended to decrease somewhat as the filtration speed increased. In the seasonal evaluation, there was little change in treatment efficiency by season in most of the water quality items except for T-N. As a result of organic material characterization, the proportion of non-degradable organic matter in both accounted for most of 74.4~81.4%, resulting in a low treatment efficiency of about 5.7%.
개인하수처리시설의 평가와 ANO-GS-SBR공정의 질소저감 영향인자 분석
김지연 ( Ji-yeon Kim ),현길수 ( Kil-soo Hyun ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2021 한국수처리학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Individual sewage treatment process (ISTP) is classified into a sewage treatment system which treats all the domestic sewage and a water-purifier tank which treats only effluent flushing from the toilet. The granular sludge-sequencing batch reactor (GS-SBR) represent an attractive alternative to the ISTP due to their small footprint and their low energy consumption and excess sludge production. The objectives of this study is to analyze an operating factors of the ISTP for enhancing nitrogen removal and to figure out the performance of anaerobic/oxic GS-SBR as an alternative of ISTP (activated sludge process, contact oxidation process, biofiltration process). As a result, the efficiencies of the real ISTP showed a very fluctuating effluent qualities (BOD 0.5-47.6 mg/L, COD 1.4-71.1 mg/L, T-N 1.1-114.7 mg/L, T-P 0.073-15.041 mg/L). This indicates an alternative of cost-effectiveness process is needed to enhancing nitrogen removal rate despite a fluctuating influent concentration. As an alternative to the ISTP, the GS-SBR performance achieved high nitrogen efficiencies of <79.8 % at influent carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ration of 1-3, the food/microorganism (F/M) ratios of 0.25kgCOD /kgMLVSS/d, and the operation mode of aeration/non-aeration (1.5:1-3:1). This result indicates the anaerobic/oxic GS-SBR could be used as an alternative of the ISTP to improve the river water quality.