갈대 생육지에서 질소 시비가 사초의 생육과 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

서성,박진길,김원호,김맹중,이상학,정종성,박형수,성하균,이종경,Seo, Sung,Park, Jin Gil,Kim, Won Ho,Kim, Meing Jooung,Lee, Sang Hak,Jung, Jong Sung,Park, Hyung Soo,Sung, Ha Guyn,Lee, Joung Kyong 한국초지조사료학회 2013 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 질소(N) 시비가 부존 조사료자원인 갈대(Phragmites communis)의 생육과 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 2012년에 충남 천안과 경기 안산지역에서 실시되었다. 천안 국립축산과학원 갈대 재배지에서는 N 무시비구, N 50 kg/ha구, N 100 kg구 등 3처리를 두고 4월 30일 시비, 6월 21일 수확하였으며, 안산 시화간척지 갈대 자생지에서는 N 무시비구, N 60 kg/ha구 등 2처리를 두고 5월 1일 시비, 8월 1일 수확하였다. 갈대의 초장과 엽색은 N 시비구에서, 그리고 N 시비수준이 높을 때 양호하였다. 건물률은 N 시비구에서 약간 낮아지는 경향으로 천안지역은 무시비구 39.8%, N 시비구 37.6%, 36.7%, 안산지역은 무시비구 39.4%, N 시비구 37.6%였다. 천안지역의 건물수량, 조단백질 수량 및 가소화 건물수량은 무시비구에서 ha당 각각 4,026 kg, 235 kg, 1,850 kg, N 50 kg 시비구는 각각 4,658 kg, 306 kg, 2,388 kg, N 100 kg 시비구는 각각 5,622 kg, 446 kg, 3,143 kg으로 유의적으로 증가하였으며 (p<0.05), 안산지역은 무시비구에서 각각 2,802 kg, 177 kg, 1,288 kg, N 60 kg 시비구는 각각 3,876 kg, 294 kg, 1,853 kg으로 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 천안지역의 조단백질 함량, 건물 소화율 및 상대사료가치 (RFV)는 무시비구에서 각각 5.85%, 45.96%, 64.0 (품질 5등급), N 50 kg 시비구는 각각 6.58%, 51.27%, 72.3 (5등급), N 100 kg 시비구는 각각 7.94%, 55.91%, 72.7 (5등급)로 높아졌으며, 안산지역도 무시비구에서 각각 6.30%, 45.98%, 70.2 (5등급), N 60 kg 시비구는 각각 7.59%, 47.80%, 78.3 (4등급)으로 높아지는 경향이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 갈대 생육지는 시비가 가능한 조건이라면(하천변이나 강변 등 수질오염이 우려되는 지역이 아닌), ha당 N 60~100 kg을 생육기에 시용해 주는 것이 생산량과 사료가치를 크게 개선시켜줄 수 있어 바람직하였다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the forage growth, production and quality of native reed (Phragmites communis) grasses. Field experiments were conducted in Cheonan and in Ansan, 2012. Treatments were control (no N fertilization), 50 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha in Cheonan plots (fertilization on April $30^{th}$, and harvest on June $21^{st}$). Treatments in Ansan plots were control (no N fertilization) and 60 kg/ha (fertilization on May first, and harvest on August first). Forage growth and leaf colors were improved in N fertilized plots. However, the drymatter (DM) percentage was slightly decreased with N fertilization. Forage yields, in terms of DM, crude protein (CP) and digestible DM (DDM), were significantly increased with N fertilization in both sites. In Cheonan, DM, CP and DDM yields per ha were 4,026 kg, 235 kg and 1,850 kg, respectively, in the control plot, and were 4,658 kg, 306 kg and 2,388 kg, respectively, in the N 50 kg plot, and 5,622 kg, 446 kg and 3,143 kg, respectively, in the N 100 kg plot. In Ansan, DM, CP and DDM yields per ha were 2,802 kg, 177 kg and 1,288 kg, respectively, in the control plot, and were 3,876 kg, 294 kg and 1,853 kg, respectively, in the N 60 kg plot. Forage quality in terms of CP content, in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) were also increased with N fertilization in both sites. In Cheonan, the CP content, IVDMD and RFV were 5.85%, 45.96% and 64.5 (grade 5), respectively, in the control plot, 6.58%, 51.27% and 72.3 (grade 5), respectively, in the N 50 kg plot, and 7.94%, 55.91% and 72.7 (grade 5), respectively, in the N 100 kg plot. In Ansan, the CP content, IVDMD and RFV were 6.30%, 45.98% and 70.2 (grade 5), respectively, in the control plot, and 7.59%, 47.80% and 78.3 (grade 4), respectively, in the N 60 kg plot. In conclusion, N fertilization of 60~100 kg/ha was desirable for greater forage production, with a higher quality of native Phragmites communis achievable. This should only be applied if the fertilization area is not located at a riverside/streamside or in riparian land where there is a high risk of water pollution by fertilization.

Effect of Non-animal-Derived Nitrogen Sources on the Production of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus sp. KL0188

Lee, Gil-Yong,Ha, Suk-Jin,Jung, Jong-Hyun,Seo, Dong-Ho,Park, Jong-Yul,Kim, Su-Rin,Park, Nam-Woo,Kweon, Dong-Keon,Park, Sang-Hoo,Park, Cheon-Seok The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.3

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear high-molecular-weight polysaccharide with useful biomedical applications. Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a typical HA-producing bacterium, requires an animal-derived nitrogen source such as tryptone, peptone or sheep blood as a nutrient. Sixteen non-animal-derived (NAD) nitrogen sources were tested as a replacement for the expensive animal-derived nitrogen sources, which may have safety issues. Among the sixteen tested NAD nitrogen sources, a yeast-derived nitrogen source (YE 0251) showed the highest HA productivity, which was equivalent to the control HA production medium containing tryptone in a 5-L jar and in 3,000-L industrial fermentations. In the 3,000-L fermentation, YE 0251 increased cell mass (dry cell weight) and HA production by 11% and 8%, respectively, compared with the control HA production medium. The fmal specific volumetric productivity (0.41 g/L h) was improved by about 70% after reducing the fermentation time from 20 h to 12 h, compared to the conventional production medium.

몬순기후와 복잡지형의 특성을 갖는 광릉 산림유역의 물과 탄소순환에 대한 교차규모 연구로부터의 교훈

이동호 ( Dong Ho Lee ),김준 ( Joon Kim ),김수진 ( Su Jin Kim ),문상기 ( Sang Ki Moon ),이재석 ( Jae Seok Lee ),임종환 ( Jong Hwan Lim ),손요환 ( Yo Whan Son ),강신규 ( Sin Kyu Kang ),김상현 ( Sang Hyun Kim ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim 한국농림기상학회 2007 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.9 No.2

광릉 슈퍼사이트에서 대기와 식생간의 에너지와 물질교환 규명은 지형과 식생의 복잡성으로 인해 많은 기술적인 어려움에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 KoFlux 연구에서는 상호보완적인 다중 분야의 연구를 통해 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위한 시도를 해 오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 진행중인 KoFlux 연구의 예비결과 중 특히 광릉사이트에서의 물/탄소수지, 물과 탄소순환의 상호관련성 그리고 몬순기후하의 생태계에서 탄소순환에 미치는 수문학적 요인의 중요성에 대해 중점적으로 논의하고자 한다. 광릉낙엽활엽수림의 순생태생산량 (NEP)은 광범위한 생태학적 연구결과에 따르면 약 ~2.6 t C/ha/y로 예상된다. 이를 미기상 플럭스 관측 결과와 함께 고려할 때 광릉 산림은 탄소의 중요한 육상흡원으로서 기능함을 예상할 수 있다. 다양한 생태수문 관측에 의해 규명된 유역단위 물수지에 의하면 연단위 전체강수량의 약 30-40%가 증발산 (ET)에 해당함을 나타내고 있다. 광릉산림의 대표적인 수종인 졸참과 서어나무의 잎에서 얻어진 탄소 안정동위 원소 조성에 근거하여 계산된 식물 성장기간의 평균 물 이용효율(WUE)은 약 ~12 μmol CO2/mmol H2O에 해당된다. 얻어진 증발산량과 물이용효율은 유역단위의 생태계 생산량을 산출하는데 이용될 수 있다. 나이테 성장량과 토양호흡량의 연단위 변화는 강수량과 강수의 패턴에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 보이고, 이는 몬순기후에 영향을 받는 동아시아 지역 생태계에서 탄소 순환과정이 수문학적 조건과 밀접한 상관관계를 가짐을 지시한다. 연구지역의 공간적 특성을 정량화하기 위해 관측지의 구조 및 기능적 단위를 규명하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있고 이를 통해 서로 다른 시공간 규모에서 진행되고 있는 연구의 결과물을 체계적으로 연결 통합하고 나아가 보다 광역적인 규모에서 대표적인 물/탄소 수지를 산출하기 위한 연구가 시도되고 있다. KoFlux Gwangneung Supersite comprises complex topography and diverse vegetation types (and structures), which necessitate complementary multi-disciplinary measurements to understand energy and matter exchange. Here, we report the results of this ongoing research with special focuses on carbon/water budgets in Gwangneung forest, implications of inter-dependency between water and carbon cycles, and the importance of hydrology in carbon cycling under monsoon climate. Comprehensive biometric and chamber measurements indicated the mean annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of this forest to be ~2.6 t C ha-1 y-1. In conjunction with the tower flux measurement, the preliminary carbon budget suggests the Gwangneung forest to be an important sink for atmospheric CO2. The catchment scale water budget indicated that 30~40% of annual precipitation was apportioned to evapotranspiration (ET). The growing season average of the water use efficiency (WUE), determined from leaf carbon isotope ratios of representative tree species, was about 12 μmol CO2/mmol H2O with noticeable seasonal variations. Such information on ET and WUE can be used to constrain the catchment scale carbon uptake. Inter-annual variations in tree ring growth and soil respiration rates correlated with the magnitude and the pattern of precipitation during the growing season, which requires further investigation of the effect of a monsoon climate on the catchment carbon cycle. Additionally, we examine whether structural and functional units exist in this catchment by characterizing the spatial heterogeneity of the study site, which will provide the linkage between different spatial and temporal scale measurements.

2010 파주, 안산지역 갈대, 억새 등 야초류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

서성(Sung Seo),김원호(Won Ho Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),박형수(Hyung Soo Park),심재진(Jae Jin Shim),박진길(Jin Gil Park),성하균(Ha Guyn Sung),김종덕(Jong Duk Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2011 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원의 이용을 활성화하여 수입사료를 줄이고 가축 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 경기 파주 (민통선 지역)와 경기 안산 (시화지구)에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초자생지를 탐색하고, 수확?이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 파주 민통선 내억새 (Miscanthus sinensis)와 갈대 (Phragmites communis) 혼합 자생지는 90~100 ㏊ 규모로, 1차 곤포작업으로 사일리지 520톤 (㏊당 6톤), 2차로 380톤 (㏊당 4톤)을 조제하여, 연 사일리지 900톤 (㏊당 10톤)을 생산하였다. 곤포의 유통가격은 롤당 52~55천 원으로 ㎏당 130~137.5원이었다. 곤포는 자가소비 50~70%, 판매유통 30~50%로, 수익성은 인건비 정도로 추정되었다. 초장 70 ㎝의 재생 억새는 조단백질 9.6%, 상대사료가치 82.4 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 67.7%, 초장 70 ㎝의 재생 갈대는 각각 13.8%, 84.3 (4등급), 67.9%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 수확이 늦어짐에 따라 사료가치는 크게 낮아졌다. 안산 시화지구 (3공구)의 갈대 등 야초류자생지는 100 ㏊ 정도로 2009년도에는 50 ㏊에서 사일리지 550톤 (㏊당 11톤)을 생산하여 롤당 50천 원에 유통하였으며, 2010년도는 잦은 강우와 장마로 부분 이용에 그쳤다. 고초기의 갈대는 건물률 89.8%, 조단백질 2.2%, NDF 80.6%, ADF 55.4%, 상대사료가치 52.9 (5등급), 건물 소화율 36.4%로 볏짚에 비해서도 사료가치는 크게 낮았다. 초장 80 ㎝의 재생 갈대는 조단백질 12.9%, 상대사료가치 99.8 (3등급), 건물 소화율 66.6%로 사료가치는 양호하였으며, 개화기의 초장 150 ㎝ 갈대는 조단백질 4.5%, 상대사료가치 59.9 (5등급), 건물 소화율 42.2%로 볏짚의 사료가치와 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거?이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성을 고려한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전 (늦어도 7월까지)에 수확?이용하는 것이 권장된다. 본 연구에서 조사된 대부분의 야초류는 상대사료가치가 75 이하인 건초 5등급으로 사료가치는 매우 낮았으며, 키가 작은 영양생장기에 수확한 경우에만 4등급으로 나타났다. 부존 조사료자원의 이용은 양질의 사료작물 생산과 병행하여 추진하는 것이 바람직하였다. This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and nutritive value of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions within the Civilian Control Line in Paju and Sihwa region in Ansan were surveyed. In Paju, the yearly silage production was 900 MT harvested from 90 ha (10 MT/㏊). About 30~50% of these were sold out at the marketing price of 52,000~55,000 Won per roll (130~137.5 Won/㎏). Regrown Miscanthus sinensis of 70 ㎝ in length contained 9.6% of crude protein (CP), 82.4 of relative feed value (RFV), and 67.7% of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Regrown Phragmites communis of 70 ㎝ in length contained 13.8% of CP, 84.3 of RFV, and 67.9% of IVDMD. As harvesting was delayed, the quality was decreased dramatically. In Ansan region, Phragmites communis plantation covers 100 ha. The silage production was 550 MT from the area of 50 ha (11 MT/㏊) in 2009. And the marketing price was 50,000 Won per roll. But in 2010 only a small amount of grasses could have been baled due to frequent and much rainfall from spring to summer season. However, the good forage quality was observed from regrown Phragmites communis of 80 ㎝ in length, 12.9% CP, 99.8 RFV and 66.6% IVDMD, while that of late matured grasses was very low, 2.2% CP, 52.9 RFV and 36.4% IVDMD, greatly lower than forage quality of rice straw. The quality of grasses at bloom stage of 150 ㎝ in length was similar to that of rice straw, showing 4.5% CP, 59.9 RFV and 42.2% IVDMD. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses in this survey were very poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis should be harvested during June or July to obtain better forage quality which is richer in forage values than rice straw. Production of high quality forage crops was also desirable for self sufficiency of forage.

Carbon monoxide prevents TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation by inhibiting NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p biogenesis

Choi, Seunghwan,Kim, Joohwan,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Park, Wonjin,Park, Minsik,Kim, Suji,Hwang, Jong Yun,Won, Moo-Ho,Choi, Yoon Kyung,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong Nature Publishing Group 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.11

<P>Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide prevents inflammatory vascular disorders. To date, there is no clear evidence that HO-1/CO prevents endothelial dysfunction associated with the downregulation of endothelial NO synthesis in human endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Here, we found that the CO-releasing compound CORM-2 prevented TNF-α-mediated decreases in eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production, without affecting eNOS promoter activity, by maintaining the functional activity of the <I>eNOS</I> mRNA 3′-untranslated region. By contrast, CORM-2 inhibited MIR155HG expression and miR-155-5p biogenesis in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells, resulting in recovery of the 3′-UTR activity of <I>eNOS</I> mRNA, a target of miR-155-5p. The beneficial effect of CORM-2 was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor, a miR-155-5p mimic, a HO-1 inhibitor and siRNA against HO-1, indicating that CO rescues TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation through NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p expression via HO-1 induction; similar protective effects of ectopic HO-1 expression and bilirubin were observed in endothelial cells treated with TNF-α. Moreover, heme degradation products, except iron and <I>N</I>-acetylcysteine prevented H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated miR-155-5p biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. These data demonstrate that CO prevents TNF-α-mediated eNOS downregulation by inhibiting redox-sensitive miR-155-5p biogenesis through a positive forward circuit between CO and HO-1 induction. This circuit may play an important preventive role in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction associated with human vascular diseases.</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

A Study on Crisis Management and Negotiation Strategies for the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula

Ho Jung Kim,Jong-ha Kim 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Crisisonomy Vol.14 No.8

The purpose of this article is to examine what types of crisis management and negotiation strategies the Korean government should pursue in the denuclearization process of the Korean peninsula. The findings are as follows. First, it is necessary to make political and diplomatic commitments to the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un for the security of his regime. Second, North Korea sanctions should remain in place until complete denuclearization. Third, the US-South Korea military cooperation must be reinforced to put pressure on North Kore. Fourth, a ‘win-win’ cooperative negotiation strategy should be used, even if North Korea abandons its nuclear program. The implications of these findings include that South Korea needs to boost strategic and tactical responsiveness in the debates on the dismantlement of North Korea’s nuclear weapons and prepare for crisis management and negotiation strategies to ensure and maximize national interests. 본 논문의 목적은 한반도 비핵화를 추진해 나가는 과정에서 한국정부가 어떤 위기관리 및 협상전략을 추구해 나가야 하는지를 고찰하는데 있다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 북한의 김정은 위원장에게 체제보장에 대한 정치적 ·외교적 공약을 제시하는 것이다. 둘째, 북한에 대한 경제측면에서 봉쇄적 제재를 비핵화가 완성될 때까지 지속하는 것이다. 셋째, 한미 간의 군사 협력과 안보협력 강화를 통한 대북 군사적 압박을 하는 것이다. 넷째, 북한이 핵을 포기하더라도 상호 윈-윈(Win-Win)할 수 있도록 협력적 협상이 되도록 하는 것이다. 이런 연구결과의 시사점은 북핵 폐기를 위한 남북 및 북미 실무회담에서 전략적, 전술적 대응력을 강화하고, 최대의 국익을 보장하기 위한 위기관리 및 협상 전략을 마련할 필요가 있다는 것이다. 따라서 한국은 철저히 준비된 위기관리전략과 협상전략으로 북핵 폐기를 완성해야 할 필요가 있을 것이다.

Vinblastine이 백서 배양 Type-1 별아교세포에 미치는 세포독성에 관한 연구

하상호,박승택,문연자,김종영,김정중,정연태 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1994 圓光醫科學 Vol.10 No.1-2

It has been reported that vinblastine, anticancer drug, is a neuroteratogen inducing various neural malformations such as microcephaly and neural tube defect(NTD), but the study on the toxicity of neuroglial cells, especially type-1 astrocytes using culture system is not well established. In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of vinblastine on cultured type-1 astrocytes of neonatal rat brain in vitro. MTT assay and also light and electron microscopic studies were carried out. The results were as follows: 1. MTT_90 and MTT_50 in cultured type-1 astrocytes were 1×10 exp (-1) μM and 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine, respectively. 2. Vinblastine was highly toxic in cultured type-1 astrocytes(MTT_50 ≤ 100 μM). 3. In a light microscopy, cultured type-1 astrocytes showed decrease of cells in number, cytoplasmic perforation, vacuolization and cytoplasmic granulation after cultured type-1 astrocytes were treated with 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine for 24 hours. Cultured type-1 astrocytes damaged by vinblastine showed degenerative changes of cells morphologically. 4. In an electron microscopy, increment of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), increased free-ribosomes, cisternal dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). few dense bodies and vacuoles were shown in cultured type-1 astrocytes treated with 1×10 exp (2)μM of vinblastine for 24 hours. The results indicate that vinblastine has markedly cytotoxic effect on the type-1 astrocytes of neonatal rat brain in vitro study.

지양호의 오염원 및 수질 조사

하호성,서정윤,진종석,이근석 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1994 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

The upper area of the Chinyang Lake was devided into four segments, the Gyeongho River, the Yangcheon River, the Deokcheon River and the vicinity of the Chinyang Lake. The water pollution sources and the water quality of four segments were investigated and evaluated. This region was composed of a Dong in a city and 141 Ries in 6 Guns except for Yurunggun and Namwongun. Population density is low in all area except for Hamyang Up and Sancheong Up. Population is 84.903(58%) in the vicinity of the Gyeongho River, 26,093(18%) in the Yangcheon River, 23,039(16%) in the Deokcheon River and 11,468(8%) in the Chinyang Lake. Total occurance of BOD in the upper area of the Chinyang Lake was 45,493 ㎏/day, whose 66% was generated from domestic animals, 17% from the land and 26% from human wastes, respectively. The occurance of BOD in the views of segments analysis showed that 57.1% originated from the vicinity of the Gyeongho River, 28.4% from that of the Yangcheon River, 9.8% from that of the Deokcheon River and 4.8% from that of the Chinyang Lake. The most amount of BOD was discharged to the Gyeongho River, the second to the Deokcheon River and the least to the Chinyang Lake. Total occurance of SS in the upper area of the Chinyang Lake was 137,445 ㎏/day. The most amount of SS was discharged to the Gyeongho River, the second to the Yangcheon River, and the least to the Chinyang Lake. The waste of domestic animal produced the 66% of BOD and the 92% of SS in their total occurance and the 31% of BOD and the 76% of SS in their total discharge. It is concluded that the waste of domestic animal is the important pollution sources, which greatly impact the water quality of the Chinyang Lake. Total nitrogen and phosphorous content in the water of the upstream of the Chinyang Lake were very high. The water quality of the Yangcheon and the Deokcheon River was classified as 4 grade by high pH and numbers of coliform group especially. The high nitrogen content in the upstream of the Gyeongho and the Yangcheon River implies that much nitrogen is originated from the farm land. It is found that the Chinyang Lake is in the process of the eutrophication.

Bridgman법에 의한 CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정 성장과 defect 연구

하종호,홍명석,홍광준 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.2

수평 전기로에서 CdIn₂Te₄ 다결정을 합성하여 Bridgeman 법으로 3단 수직 전기로에서 CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정을 성장하였다. 성장된 결정의 특성은 x선 회절과 광발광 측정으로 조사하였다. CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정 시료는 Laue에 배면 반사법에 의해서 (001)면으로 성장되었음을 확인하였다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293K에서 각각 8.61×10^(16) /㎤, 242 cm²/V·s였다. CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정의 광흡수와 광전류 spectra를 293K에서 10K까지 측정하였다. 광흡수 스펙트럼으로부터 band gap E_(g)(T)는 Varshni 공식에 따라 계산한 결과 1.4750eV-(7.69×10^(-3) eV/K)T²/(T+2147 K)임을 확인하였다. 막 성장된(as-grown) CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정 시료를 Cd-, In-, Te 분위기에서 열처리하여 10K에서 photolumine science(PL) spectra를 측정하여 점 결함의 기원을 알아보았다. CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정내에서 내재된 결함들의 기원을 10 K에서 광발광을 측정하여 연구되었다. PL 측정으로부터 얻어진 V_(Te), Cd_(int), 그리고 V_(Cd) Te_(int)는 주개와 받개로 분류되어졌다. CdIn₂Te₄ 단결정 시료를 Cd 분위기에서 열처리하면 n형으로 변환됨을 알 수 있었고, In 분위기에서 열처리하면 열처리 이전의 PL spectra를 보이고 있어서 I₂, I₁ 및 S.A emission에 의한 PL peak에는 영향을 주지 않는다고 보았다. A stoichiometric mixture for CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. The CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal was grown in the three-stage vertical electric furnace by using Bridgman method. The quality of the grown crystal has been investigated by the x-ray diffraction and the photoluminescence measurements. The (001) growth plane of oriented CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal was confirmed from back-reflection Laue patterns. The carrier density and mobility of CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal measured with Hall effect by van der Pauw method are 8.61×10^(16) ㎤ and 242 ㎠/V·s at 293K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, E_(g)(T) = 1.4750 eV - (7.69× 10^(-3) eV)T²/(T+ 2147). After the as-grown CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal was annealed in Cd-, In-, and Te-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal has been investigated by the photoluminescence(PL) at 10 K. The native defects of V_(Te), Cd_(int), and V_(Cd), Te_(int) obtained by PL measurements were classified as a donors or acceptors type. And we concluded that the heat-treatment in the Cd-atmosphere converted CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal to an optical n-type. Also, we confirmed that In in CdIn₂Te₄ did not form the native defects because In in CdIn₂Te₄ single crystal existed in the form of stable bonds.