정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 예비연구

윤진상,신상문,국승희,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

Object : The Composite Scale by Smith et al.(1989) has been proposed as an improved measure of morningness-eveningness. This study attempted to endorse that a Korean translation of Composite Scale(KtCs) can be useful to differentiate people according to circadian-rhythm types. Method : KtCS and Life Habit Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 561 university students. LHQ consisted of items questioning sleep habits on weekdays(bedtime, rising time and sleep length), the time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical), time of perceived peak performance(mental, physical and academic), and quality of academic performance during the morning, afternoon and evening. Subjects were categorized on basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E) types, intermediate(I) types, and morning(M) types. The cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. In addition 7 E-type and 7 M-type subjects were selected from the student population who had participated in the previous survey and then, oral temperature of each subject was taken every hour from 08:00 to 22:00. To assess both the internal and the external measurement properties of KtCS, descriptive statistics, reliability and validity were examined. Results : The distribution of KtCS scores was significantly, negatively skewed. The KtCS scores closest to the 10th and 90th percentiles were 26 and 41 respectively. The split-half reliability(.85), test-retest reliability(.91), and internal consistency(Cronbach alpha, .82) were obtained above the expected. Inter-item correlations were all positive and ranged from .10-.59 with a mean of .25. Item-total correlations varied from .33 to .63 with a mean of .45. Common factor analyses confirmed three factors : preferred times of performance and going to bed, arising time, and morning alertness. The validity of KtCS was further demonstrated through strong relationships between the scale and external criteria. A discernable difference in oral temperature between the M-type and the E-type across morning to evening provided additional evidence for validity of the scale. Conclusions : The results would suggest the possibility that KtCS can be employed as a tool for selection of E-type people or M-type people. It is as yet, however, uncertain that KtCS might be suitable to select people for night shiftwork because the subjects of this study are limited to university students. Therefore, future research among varying types of people are required to endorse this study.

아침형과 저녁형 사람에서 야간의 졸리움, 수행 및 체온의 비교

윤진상,국승희,신일선,신만식,최영,이무석,이형영 大韓睡眠-精神生理學會 1994 수면·정신생리 Vol.1 No.1

항정신병 약물치료하에서 주관적 안녕감을 평가하는 한국형 척도의 개발

윤진상,국승희,이형영,이철,백인호 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 1994년 Naber 등이 개발한 38문항의 '항정신병 약물치료하에서 주관적 안녕감을 평가하는 자가평정척도(a self-rating scale to measure subjective well-being under neuroleptic tre-atment : SWN)'를 문항수를 줄이고 문항내용을 수정하여 한국형으로 개발하고자 하였다 방 법 : 204명의 정신분열병 환자들에게 22문항의 KmSWN과 General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12(GHQ/QL-12)를 실시하였고, 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특징을 조사하였다. 자료분석에는 척도에 대한 반응과 정보가 신뢰로운 176명의 자료를 포함시켰다. 첫째, KmSWN의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하였다. 둘째, KmSWN총점과 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특징의 관계를 조사하였다. 끝으로 KmSWN의 총점을 예측하는 변인들을 알아보기 위해 KmSWN총점과 유의한 상관이 있는 변인들을 독립변인으로 하고 KmSWN총점을 종속변인으로 하여 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 22문항의 KmSWN중 세문항은 내적 일치도가 낮아서 추후분석에서 제외되었다. 19문항의 KmSWN(KmSWN-19)은 반분신뢰도(.91), 문항간 상관의 평균(.38), 내적 일치도(Cronbach alpha .92)가 높았다. 요인분석에서는 '불만족', '신체 및 정신기능', '정서조절 및 자기통제'의 3개요인이 추출되었다. KsSWN-19총점과 GHQ/QL-12총점간의 상관은 -.83으로 공존타당도가 높았다. 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특징중 연령, 용돈, 사회경제적 수준, 과거 입원횟수, 투약에 대한 순응 투약에 대한 만족도는 KmSWN-19 총점과 정적 상관이 있었던 반면, 질병의 심도, 파킨슨 증상의 심도, 지연성 운동장애의 심도, 투약횟수 및 투약을 빠뜨린 횟수는 KmSWN-19 총점과 부적 상관이 있었다, 단계적 중다회귀분석결과, KmSWN-19총점을 유의하게 예측하는 변인은 투약의 만족도, 투약을 빠뜨린 횟수 및 용돈이었으며, 변량의 24%를 설명하였다. 결 론 : KmSWN-19는 정신분열병 외래환자의 주관적 안녕감을 측정하는 자기평정척도로서 신뢰롭고, 타당하며 실용적임이 확인되었다. 아울러 KmSWN-19는 항정신병 약물과 관련한 주관적 안녕감에만 특이한 척도가 아니라, 척도에 응답할 수 있는 모든 정신분열병 환자나 기타 정신증 환자들에게 적용할수 있는 일반적 척도임이 시사되었다. 한편, KmSWN-19총점에 대해 독립변인들의 설명변량이 크지 않는 점을 주관적 안녕감 혹은 삶의 질의 평가에서 개인의 가치나 신념, 성격특성 같은 개인내적 특성을 고려해야 할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean modification of SWN(KmSWN), based on the original 38-item SWN(a self-rating scale to measure subjective well-being under neuroleptic treatment)by Naber et. al. In 1994, but containing the reduced number of items and the modified content. Methods: The KmSWN with 22 items and General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12(GHQ/QL-12) were administered to 204 out-patients with schizophrenia. Also, their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were investigated. Data analyses were conducted based on 176 patients whose responses to the scale, as well as whose related informations, were reliable. First, the reliability and validity of KmSWN were assessed comprehensively. Second, the relationships between the total score of KmSWN and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined. Finally, in order to identify the predictable variables on the total score of KmSWN, the stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted, where the inde-pendent variables were already shown significant correlations with the total score of KmSWN. Results : Three of 22 items of KmSWN were excluded from the following analysis due to their poor internal consistency. KmSWN comprised with 19 items(KmSWN-19) showed high levels of spilt-half reliability(.91), mean of inter-item correlations(.38) and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha .92). Factor analysis of the KmSWN-19 revealed that a three-factor solution accounted for 100% of total explained variance. The three factors were interpreted as 'diss-atisfaction','physical and mental functioning', 'emotional regulation and self-control', The concurrent validity of KmSWN-19 with GHQ/QL-12 was very high(-.83). Of the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, age, disposable money, socioeconomic level, number of previous hospitalizations, compliance with medication and satisfaction with medication were positively correlated with the total score of KmSWN-19, while severity of illness, severity of parkinsonism, severity of dyskinesia, administration frequency of medication and omission number of medication were negatively correlated. However, the total score of KmSWN-19 was not correlated with medication, the omission number of medication and the disposable money were significantly contributed to the total score of KmSWN-19, and they explained 24% of the variance. Conclusions : The above findings indicated that KmSWN-19 was a reliable, valid and pra-ctical self-rating scale to measure subjective well-being in out-patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, KmSWN-19 seemed to be a general scale applicable to all the schizophrenic or other psychotic patients if they were able to complete it, rather a specific scale only for the patients undergoing the neuroleptic treatment. Based on the results of the predictable variables on the total score of KmSWN-19, one may argue that intra-individual characteristics such as value, belief and personality traits, although they were not evaluated in this study, should be considered in assessing subjective well-being or the quality of life.

만성 화농성 중이염의 세균학적 고찰

윤신의,문문만,김승찬,박희완,나한조,최봉남 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

The chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common disease in the otologic field. And the works on bacterial distribution of chronic suppurative otitis media were studied by many otologist, but there is some difference. The bacteriologic study was done on 126 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Chosun University Hospital between January 1989 and December 1989 and the following conclusions were obtained. 1) In sex distribution, the male had higher incidence rate than female (M: 56.3%, F:43.7%). 2) In age distribution, 3rd decade (34.1%), 2nd decade (34.1%), were most prevalent. 3) In duration of the disease, the hightest frequence was below 5 years duration 4) Among 126 cases, 98 cases(77.8%) were unilateral (right ear was 47 cases(37.3%) and left ear was 51 cases(40.5%))and 28 cases(22.2%) were bilateral. 5) The 136 cases(88.3%) showed the positive results under culture, but 18 cases(11.7%) didn't growthed. Among 136 cases 95 cases(61.7%) had single infection and the 41 cases(26.6%) had mixed infection. 6) The most frequently isolated bacteria was staphylococcus(38 strains, 27.9%) and next were proteus(27 strains, 19.9%) and pseudomonas (22 strains, 16.2%). 7) The Staphylococcus was sensitive to cephalothin(94.7%), amikacin(78.9%) and resistant to penicaIin(63.2%). 8) The Proteus was sensitive to amikacin(92.6%), cephalothin(88.9%) and resistant to minocycline(81.5%) and gentamicin(70.4%). 9) The Pseudomonas was sensitive to amikadn(86.4%), gemtamicin(59.1%) and resistant to minocycline(90.9%), ampicillin(86.4%) and cephalothin(86.4%).

성장과 운동수행능력 향상에 도움을 주는 식이조성물의 개발

윤승원,정은희,양동식,이홍석,윤유식 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.3

We developed a dietary supplement using natural herbs and nutrients for the growth and exercise performance improvement. It called JR-22 supplement containing distilled extracts of natural herbs to remove bitterness and the addition of Vitamin B1, B6, Ca and xylitol. We investigated on the effect of JR-22 supplementation on the maximal exercise performance, IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) concentration and antioxidant activity in SD rat model. In result, JR-22 supplement group was better than control group about 10% in exercise performance test and increased about 63% of IGF-1 concentration in blood. In addition, the oxidative damage induced by exercise was reduced by JR- 22 supplementation. Therefore, we suggested that JR-22 supplementation enhanced effectively exercise performance and IGF-1 concentration and reduced to oxidative stress in muscles. Also, we analysed biochemical factors in blood for the safety of JR-22 supplement. We known that there is no change of blood lactic acid, ammonia, inorganic phosphorous ion and creatine kinase activity.

효과적인 항공기 사고조사에 관한 연구 : 증인 진술을 중심으로

윤승중,은희봉 한국항공대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

항공기 사고는 기술적인 측면에서의 비약적인 발전에도 불고하고 1970년대 중반 이후에 3에서 4%의 일정한 율로 지속되고 있으며, ICAO 통계에 의하면 2005년까지 년 20건씩 지속될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이러한 항공기 사고는 막대한 생명과 재산상의 피해로 인하여, 다른 교통수단에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 사고율에도 불구하고 치명적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 사고조사의 목적은 과학적이고 논리적으로 사고원인을 규명하므로써 유사사고의 방지에 있으며, 본 연구는 특히 사고조사에 있어 물적증거와 함께 매우 중요한 부분인 증인의 증언에 관하여 문헌연구를 통하여 연구하였다. 논문의 구성은 제1장에서 연구의 목적과 구성, 방법에 관하여 기술하였으며, 2장에서는 항공기 사고의 개요, 사고의 현황에 대하여 국·내외 관련 자료를 통하여 조사하였다. 제3장에서는 사고조사의 의의와 사고조사에 관한 법률, 사고조사 과정에 관하여 연구하였으며, 제4장은 증인인터뷰에 관하여 그 의의 및 계획, 기법에 관한 내용을 기술하였다. 마지막으로 제5장에서는 이상의 연구 내용을 근거로 증인 인터뷰를 중심으로한 효과적인 사고조사에 관하여 결론을 도출하였다. The aircraft accidents have been happened at the constant rate of three to four percentage after the middle of 1970 era, in spite of well-developed technology and equipments in the civil aviation ICAO expects the twenty worldwide aircraft accidents every year until 2005. Even though, the rate of aircraft accidents is very low in comparison with the one of other transportations, the need of perfect flight safety is reuired because of the great sacrifice of life and property. Therefore, the investigation of aircraft accidents is for the purpose of preventing the analogous accident by finding out the causes of accidents scientifically. This study is organized into four part. The first part presents the summary and situation of aircraft accidents. the second part presents the meaning and process of the investigation of accidents and the third part involves the meaning, planning and technique of witness interview. The final part presents the purpose of this study for the effective investigation of aircraft accidents especially with respect of witness interview.

한국판 스미스클라인 비챰 '삶의 질' 척도에 관한 예비연구

윤진상,국승희,이무석 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.2

목 적: 정신의학에서는 환자의 주관적 관점에서 삶의 질(quality of life : QOL)을 평가할 수 있는 표준화된 적도가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 Dunbar등이 개발한 스미스클라인 비챰의 QOL척도(Smi-thkline Beecham'Quality of Life'Scale'SBQOL)를 한국판(Korean version of SBQOL:KvSBQOL)으로 표준화하고자 하였다. 이는 궁극적으로는 국내의 정신장애 환자의 QOL및 치료가 QOL에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 응용하기 위한 것이었다. 방 법: 대학생 377명에게 KvSBQO교과 함께 공존타당도를 알아보기 위한 스트레스 설문지와 Eysenck의 성격차원검사를 실시하였고, 구성타당도를 알아보기 위해서 간이정신진단검사의 신체화 증상차원. Beck의 우울척도, 상태-특성 불안척도. 내-외 통제척도를 실시하였다. KvSBQOL은 세 가지 요소 즉 '현재의 자기'. '이상적 자기'. '아픈 자기'를 가정하여 응답하도록 하였고, 일주일 후 100명을 무선적으로 선발하여 '현재의 자기'요소에 관한 KvSBQOL만을 다시 실시하였다. 결 과: KvSBQO교의 '현재의 자기' 요소 점수는 정상분포였고. '이상적 자기'의 요소 점수는 유의미한 부적 편포를 보였으며. '아픈 자기'의 요소 청수는 유의미한 정적 편포였다. KvSBQO교의 새 요소 점수간에는 유의미한 차이가 있었다. KvSBQOL의 반분신뢰도는 .83, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .84였고. 내적 일치도 Cronbach alpha는 .898로 시간에 따른 안정성과 문항반응의 일관성이 높았다. KvSBQOL의 요소간 거리(이상적 자기와 현재의 자기)와 스트레스 점수, Eysenck의 신경중 차원 점수는 정적 상관이 있었으며, 외향적 차원 점수와는 부적 상관이 있었고. 신체화 증상. 우울. 외부 통제와는 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었다 오인분석에서는 '유능감', '정신적 안녕'. '안정성 '신체적 안녕' 및 '활력'의 5개 요인이 확인되었으며, 전체 설명변량은 34.24%였다. 동시회귀분석 결과, 신체화 증상, 우울, 불안 및 외부 통제의 심도가 KvSBQOL외 5개 요인 각각에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 결론 . KVSBQOL의 신뢰도와 타당도는 높았다. 이는 KvSBQ0L이 정신과적 장애를 가지고 있는 환자들의 QOL을 측정하는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 아울러 KVSBQL의 적용 대상의 범위가 논의 되었으며. KvSBQOL을 환자에게 적용하는 실용성과 관련하여 세 가지 정신상태 모두의 QOL를 평가하기보다는 '이상적 자기'와 '현재의 자기'의 요소거리만을 사용하는 방법이 제안되었다. Objectives : The SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life scale(SBQOL) by Dunbar et al. was developed in an attempt to produce a valid scale which would be justice to the complexity of human experience which constitutes perceived quality of life. This study was attempted to verify the reliability and validity of the Korean version of SBQOL(KvSBQOL). Methods: KvSBQOL was administered to 377 university students. Subjects were asked to rate the same 23 items in the aspect of three states, i.e.,'self now'-as they fe1t at present ,'ideal self-how they would feel as their ideal person ,'sick self-how they would feel as a person who is sick or unwell. The distribution and the differences of KvSBQOL for three mental sets, as well as the split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency for the self now were assessed. For the evaluation of concurrent validity, the Stress Questionnaire(SQ) and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) were employed as the external criterion. Construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship between the inter-element differences and the scores of other scales : Somatization(SOM) of SCL-90-R(Symptom Checklist-90-Revision), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAl) and Internal-External Control Scale(I-E Scale). And then, common factor analyses with varimax rotation and multiple regression analyses were carried out. Results : The element score of self-now was normally distributed, that of ideal serf was significantly negatively skewed, and that of sick self was significantly positively skewed. The significant inter-element differences(ideal self/self now, ideal self/sick self, self now/sick self) were found. The split-half reliability(.83), test-retest reliability(.84), and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha, .898) were found to be high. The inter-element distance(ideal self and self now) of the KvSBQOL score was positively correlated with the SQ score and neuroticism score of EPQ, while negatively correlated with extroversion score of EPQ. The inter-element distance showed significant correlations with SOM of SCL-90-R, BDI, STAI,1-I Scale scores. Parlor analysis of 23 items resulted in a five factor solution accounting for 34.24% of total explained variance. The five factors were interpreted as competence, psychological well-being, stability, physical well-being, and activity. The severity of somatization, depression, anxiety and external control contributed to five factors of KvSBQOL. Conclusions: These findings confined the high reliability and validity of KvSBQOL and suggest the possibility that KvSBQOL could be a useful measure of QOL in patients with psychiatric disorders.

다발성 위 용종이 동반된 가족성 용종증

윤완희,노승무 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.2

one of the first recognized descriptions of familial polyposis coli(FPC) was recorded in 1847, and its familial nature was outlined in 1882 by Cripps. The main features of the disease and its malignant potential were brought out by Lockhart-Mummery in 1925 and Dukes in 1930 Since then, accompanying extracolonic growth, such as bone and soft tissue tumors, brain tumors, and thyroid cancers, have been described. Gastric and duodenal adenomas and carcinomas have occasionally been described in FPC by different authors, and systemic studies have recently been conducted in Japan on gastric and duodenal neoplasia in FPC, which suggest that the incidence of these tumors may be higher than previously suspected. Accompanying gastric lesions in FPC were reported only sporadically and not systemically. In 1895 Hauser first described multiple polyps of the gastric antrum in an autopsy in a patient with FPC. Early in the 1970’ histologic classification on the gastric lesions in FPC gradually evolved, and a high incidence of accompanying gastric lesions was systemically demonstrated for the first time recently by Japanese investigators and later in the West. This association has not previously described in Korea, probably because to special attempt has been made to detect polyps in these situation. We experienced two cases of polyposis of the stomach in association with FPC in one family, so report them with the brief review of the literatures.

日帝 統治時代 『皇民化』敎育政策에 關한 硏究 : 初等敎育을 中心으로 Centering Around Primary School Education

윤희승 부산외국어대학교 교육대학원 1999 敎育論叢 Vol.- No.-

The「Imperialist」 educational policy was established during the period of a Japanese militaristic control of the 1910s as a basis for a colonial education. Under such colonial education, children of most workers were forced by the obscurantist policy to have no opportunity of leaning an a few allowed such opportunity were brought up by the 「 Imperialist」 policy as sub assistants to a colonial rule. Private schools were not allowed to expand their self-education and instead the were regulated to have the same curriculum as national and pubic schools did. The cultural control of the 1920s mixed violence and excursion, differently from militaristic control of the 1910s which depended only on violence. As a part of excursion, a reform of the school system was enforced by the New Education Ordinance enacted in 1992 according to the mainland expansionsim. The reform included the extension of the term of teaching by educational institutions, emphasis on Japanese(national) language education, location of primary schools at the lowest-level administrative districts on a one to one basis, and training by middle education of sub-assistants to Japanese colonial rule. These were not different with educational policies of the militaristic control period in the they were means to facilitate the colonial rule although having not an intensive but moderate quality. The 「Imperialist」Policy during the Period of a supply base of the 1930s had five main purposes of the clearness of national polity, the identification of Korea and Manchuria, educational promotion, the parallel advancement agriculture and industry and the purification of officialdom. For the. purposes, the 「Imperialist」 Policy was materialized as the enforcement of shrine worship for the identification of Korea and Japan, the enactment and enforcement of the oath by people under imperial control, the optionalization and actual abolition of Korean Language education, the enforcement of common use of Japanese language and the forced justification of Korea-Japan annexation through a distorted history education. Ultimately these were seeking toward the mobilization of Korean human resources, which were affluent next to Japanese main land under regions of the imperialist nation, to workplace and battle fields. In short, the history of Japanese colonial education in Korea was one of Japanesation by Korean people under the imperialist policy, or assimilation to Japan. It was also a thoroughly non-educational process which turned a deaf ear to the essential duty of education, a development of educational invasion and the enforcement of anti-educational situations. Japanese colonists divided the period of such colonial education into several phases, established a view of rationalizing non-educational qualities for each of the phases and applied the view to their colonial education policies. Of course, such colonial education policies were not always smoothly carried out with no resistance by Korean people. The Koreans resisted educational invasion by other ethnic people through the movement of saving education by the whole nation, the nationalism-oriented education and resistance to Japanese colonial education by private schools, and anti-Japanese movements by students.