Polymorphism of Cefotaxime sodium

Sohn, Young-Taek,Park, Sun-Hee 덕성여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學論文誌 Vol.16 No.1

Three crystal forms of cefotaxime sodium have been isolated by recrystallization and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dissolution patterns of three crystal forms of cefotaxime sodium were studied in water at 37±0.5℃, 90rpm for 180 minutes. Three crystal forms of cefotaxime sodium showed difference in dissolution rate and solubility. After storage of two months at 52% RH (saturated solution of Na_(2)Cr_(2)O_(2).2H_(2)O / 20℃), all crystal forms showed no transformation.

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

매켈게실의 신티그래피 진단

손명희,한영민,김종수,최기철 의과학연구소 1990 全北醫大論文集 Vol.14 No.2

Meckel's diverticulum is one of the most frequent congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in man and found in approximately 1 to 3% of the general population. This remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct gives rise to symptoms of primarily rectal bleeding in the young. The customary radiographic approach to the gastrointestinal bleeder ususally fails to identify this lesion. Most of the symptomatic Meckel's diverticula are lined with ectopic gastric mucosa. Therefore Tc-99m pertechnetate which is concentrated by the gastric mucosa has been found to be useful in localizing these divertecula. The authors described a case of bleeding Meckel's diverticulum whose pathologic diagnosis was expected preoperatively with Tc-99m pertechnetate abdominal scintigraphy and confirmed postoperatively.

産母의 血液所見이 新生兒 臍帶血中 血色素値에 미치는 影響

孫基勇,林英子,姜熙雄 金原出版 1969 小兒科 Vol.10 No.9

현대사회에서 기호와 상징으로 재현된 국기 디자인의 효용성에 관한 연구

손희영 동덕여자대학교 디자인연구소 2004 디자인포럼21 Vol.7 No.-

전통적으로 국기는 그 나라의 국민과 국가를 상징하는 역할을 했다. 하지만 제2차 세계대전 이후 국기의 용도는 주로 한 나라 안에서만 의미를 갖던 이전의 관례를 벗어나 그 영역이 확대되었다. 그 결과, 오늘날 국기는 국가 간의 커뮤니케이션을 수행하는 데 있어서 각 국의 고유한 특성들을 표현해내는 구실을 한다. 국가들 사이의 관계가 긴밀해지고 그와 함께 국기를 사용하는 일도 빈번해지면서, 특정한 국기들이 지니고 있는 시각적인 표현에 대한 관심 또한 증대(增大)되어왔다. 국기의 시각적 표현은 국기의 커뮤니케이션 기능에서 중요한 측면이다. 국기는 고유한 상징을 동원하여 다양한 이미지 요소들을 사용함으로써 시각적인 커뮤니케이션을 수행하려 한다. 그런데 어떤 국기들은 지나치게 복잡한 구조 때문에 잘못 해석되어 국가의 정체성을 손상하게 된다. 현대 사회에서 일어나는 이러한 정체성의 손상은 국기가 제대로 기능을 발휘하는 데 장애가 된다. 이는 국기가 만들어진 원래의 의도와 그 사용 사이에 일종의 갈등이 있기 때문에 파생되는 것이다. 결론적으로, 어떤 디자인이라도 시간이 흐르면 그 의미가 손상될 수 있으므로 본래 그것이 지니고 있던 성격이나 정체성을 유지하는 범위 안에서 때에 따라 변화를 줄 필요가 있다는 것이다. 그리하여 디자인상의 변화는 물론 해당 사회의 변화하는 요구를 충족할 수 있는 방향으로 수정이 가해져야 한다는 것이다. Traditionally, flags were used as symbols of nations, groups of people, or individuals. But since World war II, the national use of flags has been expanded beyond their original intent. Consequently, flags are being used internationally to visually communicate between nations while representing a distinct characteristic of the country. As the relationship between nations and flags usage increase, concerns regarding the visual depiction of certain flags have increased accordingly. Visual depiction of flags has been an important aspect of its communicative function. Representing an intrinsic symbol, the flag tries to visually communicate through the use of various components or image. Unfortunately, some flags are structurally complex, leading to problems when these flags are interpreted and devaluing the respective country's identity. The devaluation hampers the proper function of the flag in our modern society. This identity crisis arises, because of a struggle between original intent and the modern use of these flags. In essence, no design or trademark is timeless and must occasionally be updated while keeping the integrity and identity of the original message. The design must be adjusted in order to meet the changing needs of our society.

Bi₂Sr₂Ca(Cu_1-xNix)₂O_8+δ단결정의 전류 변화에 대한 활성화 에너지

손인호,김영국,전칠원,문성희,오재근 경남대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Bi□Sr□Ca(Cu□-□Ni□)□O□+δ (x=0, 0.003) 단결정을 개선된 방향성 응고법을 이용하여 성장시켰으며, 표준 4단자법으로 ab-면의 비저항을 측정하였고, Direct four-probe법을 이용해서 c-축의 비저항을 측정하였다. Arrhenius plot slopes의 기울기는 활성화 에너지를 나타내는데 이의 온도 의존성에 대하여 조사하였다. 자기장을 인가하여 활성화 에너지를 측정하면, 고온과 저온에 서로 다른 두개의 TAFF 영역이 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있고, 이들 활성화에너지는 고온 영역에서는 lnB에 비례하고, 저온 영역에서는 B□□ 에 비례하였다. By making use of the improved directional solidification method and, standard and direct four-prove methods respectively. We grow Bi□Sr□Ca(Cu1-□Ni□)2O8+δ (x=0, 0.003) single crystal and measure its resitivities in ab-plane and c-axis. The temperature at the activation energy, which is described by a slope in the Arrhenius plot, is examined. The activation energy measured by applying the external magnetic field, exhibits two different TAFF regimes at low and high temperatures. It is shown that the activation energy is propotional to lnB and B□□ at high and low temperature regimes, respectively.

우유와 두유를 혼합한 이유보충음료의 개발

손경희,윤선,이민준,김순영,김용태,장동훈,강석필 연세대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 生活科學論集 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop an infant supplement composed of cow and soy milk which has acceptable taste and digestability and meets nutritional needs of the infants. Even though soy milk is and excellent source of protein for infants who are allergic to dairy products, its protein quality is still lower than that of regular milk. Therefore in the present study the development of sow-soy milk infant formula was attempted. To make the formula equal amount of cow and soy milk were mixed and supplemented with vitamins and minerals to meet the nutritional standards of breast milk, CODEX and recommended dietary allowances for Korean infants. In animal experimental study, the weight gain rate of weaning rats was highest in the order of 100% milk, cow-soy milk, control, soy milk, commercial soy infant milk group. Feed efficiency ratio(FER) were not significantly different among control, 100% milk and cow-soy milk groups. However, commercialized soy infant milk group showed significantly lower FER than other groups. When the cow-soy milk formula was fed to infant in the age of 5 month to 25 months, it did not show any unsatisfactory results in acceptability and bowel movements of the subjects. Since the cow-soy milk formula has not only all the nutrients for the physical growth of infants but also contains valuable physiological functional ingredients, it is expected to be a good choice of supplements for infants.

2004년 여름 상해지역 여성 정장의 패션트렌드 실태조사

손희순,황혜영 숙명여자대학교 건강·생활과학연구소 2004 生活科學硏究誌 Vol.- No.20

The purpose of research focused on 2004 Summer Shanghai women's formal wear trend by analyzing the product design of 10 women's wear brands highly recognized as a women's formal wear brand in major department store and the Shanghai career women's formal wear design through street fashion research. The research methods are as follows ; 1. The research was conducted in July 11, 2004~July 31, 2004 and the design factors of clothing products(style, color, fabric, pattern, detail, price etc.) of the highly recognized 10 women's formal wear brands in the huge department stores in Shanghai were analyzed. 2. For the purpose of understanding the Chinese women's street fashion trend, the snapshots of the Chinese women aged about 20~30 were taken. The subjects for photographing were asked in advance at a certain place at 3 p.m.~6 p.m.. The number of the pictures is 432 and 350 pictures were used for analyzing except the incomplete ones. 3. The Shop research areas are The First Department Store on the East Road of Nanjing Area, ISETAN, CITIC SQUARE on the West Road of Nanjing, Parkson Department Store on the Yuan An Road in Shanghai, and Pacific Department Store on the Huaihai Road in Shanghai. The summarized results of this research are as follows ; 1. Any noticeable qualitative differences and price margins were not found in the women's formal wear brands in major department store in Shanghai as compared with Korean brands. Most products use the color of monotone in black and white, pastel color and these are different from the trend of casual wear which uses various style, detail and colors. But it supplies its simplicity by using decorations like embroidery, ribbon, shirring, button and frill or using patterns like check, stripe, geometric and flower. The materials are diverse like cotton, linen, linen, and silk as natural fibers and polyester, acryl, nylon, polyurethane as artificial fibers and chiffon for summer season. Check, stripe, paisley and geometric patterns are used mostly and flower patterns are in stock in most outlets. The VMD(Visual Merchandising) of the outlet and the organization of merchandises were modernized, and the display was well harmonized with the concept of the brands. 2. The result of the street fashion research focused on career women's formal wear in the fashion and culture central district of Shanghai in 2004 summer are as follows. 1) The style of Chinese women's formal wear aims simplicity and purity, and it makes modern and urban atmosphere. The styles of basic formal wear are a simple H-line or A-line one-piece dress style or a coordination of H-line skirt in the length of knee and shirt collar blouse with half sleeve, and coordination with tops which expose arms and neck. These kinds of formal wear express neat image which shows body conscious line silhouette naturally. And adding different color cloth to curtail, neckline, armhole and high waist line or wearing leather belts and fringe decorations are supplying the simplicity, and flare skirts and multi-layered skirts makes more feminine atmosphere. 2) Materials like cotton and polyester as thin cloth for summer season which composed with geometrical patterns or pastel, monotone and same colored stripe, check patterns are mostly popular. And thin chiffon, satin and gloss material used one-pieces are mostly common. 51.43 percent of interviewee wear black and white colors, 9.1 percent wear red colors. Especially red is the vivid color which Chinese like, and it is used as a mono-color without another color or pattern. These are findings through the research of street fashion in the central fashion cultual district of Shanghai for working women aged 20~30 : ①Their styles were strongly urbanized lady-like look based on simple and decent style. ②Attentive factor is their luxury goods oriented mind. People who is using Louis Vuitton and Ferragamo's handbags, Jil Sander's shoes etc. are often found.

세포탁심나트륨의 결정형의 용출

손영택,김희경 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1998 藥學論文誌 Vol.9 No.1

Three polymorphic modifications and two pseudopolymorphic modifications of cefotaxime sodium were obtained by crystallization from different organic solvents. The isolated crystal forms were characterized by UV spectrophotometry. DSC, TGA and X-ray crystallography. Crystal forms of cefotaxime sodium were also compared by dissolution rate. The dissolution rate of form 1 was the highest, followed by form 2, form 4, form 6, form5 and form 3. Among these polymorphic modifications the dissolution rate of form 3 and form 5 was much slower than that of cefotaxime sodium on the market. All forms showed no change after 2-month storage test in the silica gel desiccator. But after the storage of 2-month at 95% relative humidity condition, all forms were deliquesced by hygroscopic property except form 1 that showed the highest dissolution rate. At 52% relative humidity condition, form 1, form2 and form 6 had no evidence of phase transformation, but form 3, form 4 and form 5 were also deliquesced.