N-acetyl cysteine inhibits H2O2-mediated reduction in the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by down-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

( Daewoo Lee ),( Sung Ho Kook ),( Hyeok Ji ),( Seung Ah Lee ),( Ki Choon Choi ),( Kyung Yeol Lee ),( Jeong Chae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2015 BMB Reports Vol.48 No.11

There are controversial findings regarding the roles of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway on bone metabolism under oxidative stress. We investigated how Nrf2/HO-1 pathway affects osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or both. Exposing the cells to H2O2 decreased the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteoblast markers, such as osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor-2. In contrast, H2O2 treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells. Treatment with hemin, a chemical HO-1 inducer, mimicked the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the HO-1 expression and decreasing the osteogenic marker genes. Pretreatment with NAC restored all changes induced by H2O2 to near normal levels in the cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that H2O2-mediated activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway negatively regulates the osteoblast differentiation, which is inhibited by NAC. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 636-641]

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

삽목방법이 묘소질과 토마토 생육에 미치는 영향

채윤석,박상대,강호종 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2007 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.20 No.-

본 시험은 60일 된 토마토 실생묘의 정단부를 제외하고 상위, 중위, 하위 각 2마디를 하나로, 푸르미, 토실이 용토에 마디삽목하여 묘의 소질을 조사하고, 육성된 마디삽목묘를 저단밀식 재배하여 토마토의 생육과 과실의 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다 1. 삽목 10일과 30일 후 신초장 및 신초경의 생육은 하나로, 푸르미용토가 유의적인 차이가 있었으며, 20일 후 신초장과 신근은 푸르미용토에서 삽수채취 하위부분에서 길었다. 2. 최종수확기에서 잎수는 푸르미상토가 많았고, 마디수는 중·하위절이 많았다. 초장과 엽장, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중과 건물중은처리간 유의성이 없었다. 3. 생육중기의 엽록소함량은 푸르미용토와 중·상위 절이 많았으나 최종수확기 무렵에는 처리구간 비슷하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the bedsoils(H,P and T) and the cutting sites the seedling quality, growth and fruit characters in the dense planting culture of tomato. The samples for test were prepared by dividing three parts(upper, middle and lower part) of 60days old healthy seedlings of tomatoes and collecting 2 modes from each part except the shoot position. The tomato's major characters, seedling quality, fruit character and soluble solids content were measured after 10, 20, and 30 days. 1. The new shoot length grew up bed soil of Hanaro, Promi but Hanaro soil thicken new shoot diameter and new root grew highly of promi soil, lower node in the 10 days after cutting. The growth of new shoot length in the 20 days after cutting grew up highly Promi soil and upper position node, middle position node, the growth of new root grew up highly Promi soil, middle position node and lower node. The growth of new shoot length in the 30 days after cutting grew up highly Hanaro soil and new root number was good enough in Hanaro soil and upper position, middle position node. 2. Leaf number was a lot in Promi soil at harvest time but node number was a lot in middle and lower position node. Flesh and dry weight of plant heigh, leaf, stem and root was similar. 3. The chlorophyll content of growing period on 20 May and 20 June was high in Promi soil and middle, lower position node but on 20 July was similar to all treatments.

우울증 환자에서 Cortisol 일일변화 검사의 의의

채영래,한상익,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.4

This study was designed to investigate whether depressed patient showed increased plasma contisol level compared with nondepressed patients and to examine whether diurnal variation is preserved or flattened in depressed patients and whether diurnal variation itself could be a useful diagnostic procedure in depression. We studied also the possible relationship between the diurnal variation of cortisol secretion and the degree of symptomatic improvement with antidepressant administration in major depression patients. The results were as follows : 1) The value of serum cortisol levels checked before antidepressant administration were 8.44±4.89㎍/dl, 5.74±3.19㎍/dl, 3.18±3.54㎍/dl, 10.75±5.23㎍/dl at 12AM, 4PM, 11PM and 8AM respectively in endogenous depression group, and 6.39±3.29㎍/dl, 6.25±3.75㎍/dl, 2.74±1.85㎍/dl, 10.79±4.77㎍/dl respectively in control group. There were no significant differences in serum cortisol levels between both groups(Table 2). 2) In 31 endogenous depressives, 18(58.1%) maintained diurnal variation of cortisol level and 13(41.9%) showed flattened variation. However, of 16 control group(schizophrenics and dysthymic disorder patients), 11(68.8%) maintained diurnal variation of cortisol secretion and5(31.2%) showed flattened variation. As a result, the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of diurnal cortisol test for endogenous depression were 42%, 67%, and 72% respectively 3) In 26 major depression patients, 11 patients who showed flattened diurnal variation of cortisol secretion had significantly high "agitative depression" factors of Hamiltion Rating Scale for Depression compared with 15 patients who maintained diurnal variation. 4) Among 15 major depression patients whose diurnal variation was preserved, 12(80.0%) showed marked improvement of depressive symptoms with antidepressant administration and 3(20.0%) did not. Among 11 major depression patients whose diurnal variation was disturbed, 6(54.5%) improved and 5(45.5%) did not. There were no significant differences in symptomatic improvement between two groups.

十二變에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論을 중심으로

채영진,남호현,이석모,여성원,한성규,이재원,안민식,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

The six kinds of natural factors(It refers to wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire.) is constantly moving to maintain the balance of whole climate of one year. Four seasons are the largest mediation of whole climate of one year. The cold and the heat have the relationship of mutual intervention. The dampness and the dryness have it also. In this process they raise various climate appearance. And that various climate appearance influence the whole lives on the earth. This paper is concerned with the classification of them.

기분장애를 주소로 내원한 Binswanger씨 병 1례

채정호,전태연,윤수정,최성빈,김대진,김광수 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

We report a 70 year-old man with Binswanger's disease associated with mood symptoms. He was apparently well until 15 years ago when the treatment-resistant atypical mood symptoms had been appeared. He showed a fluctuating course in mental disturbance, such as irritable and labile affect, emotional incontinence, and irritable behavior. Two years ago, he was diagnose as hypertension, renal failure, and heart failure. He was admitted to psychiatric ward due to irritable mood, dysarthria, lack of bladder control, gait disturbance, and impulsive behaviors, which had been aggravated during the last 2 months. In physical examination, he had hypertension and both pretibial pitting edema was revealed, and also in neurological examination, exaggeration of deep tendon reflexes and weakness of extremities were found. On mental status examination, he showed irritable and labile mood with mild cognitive disturbances. Brain MRI demonstrated multifocal high signal intensity in periventricular white matter, both basal ganglia, and thalami on the T2 imaging. These findings were compatible with Binswanger's disease with mood symptoms.

개선된 Bridgman법으로 성장한 Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8+δ) 單結晶의 초전도성

채건식,손인호,설정식,이수대,김영국,전동성,오재근,강성욱 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 환경연구 Vol.17 No.-

The Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) single crystals are grown from the melt using a stoichiometric starting composition fer the cautions. The size and thickness of the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) crystals depends on the cooling rate. The lower the cooling rate, the bigger and thicker the Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) crystals become. Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_(8)+_(δ) X-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements of the single crystals were carried out using the radiation source of Cu Kα . In these Patterns only the (0,0,2n) diffraction appeared. The result indicated that the cleared surface of the single crystal was of the a-b face, and that the single crystal had a single phase without any undergrowth with 7K and 85K phases. In addition, although the figure is not shown, XRD patterns from (006) to (00□) were observed in the range of 2θ=0 to 60 degrees. The characterization of as-grown single crystals have been analyzed by Laue X-ray backsdattering along the c-axis and X-ray precession experiments. The result of magnetic moment vs Tc in 10 Gauss for a crystals were measurements indicated that the samples have a superconducting transition temperature of 85K.

딸기 育苗方法에 관한 硏究 : (Fragaria grandiflora E.)

姜鎬宗,蔡潤錫,李相雨 진주산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

"아끼히메"의 공중육묘에 관한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 7월 10일에 조사하여 정리한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모주의 분지 발생율은 편아가 6.3%, 2아가 36.8%, 3아가 44.3%, 4아가 12.4% 그리고 5아가 0.2%로 나타났다. 2. 주당 런너발생수는 1아에서 7.33개, 2아에서 14.67개, 3아에서 20.00개, 4아에서 24개가 발생되었으며, 분지당 런너발생수는 6.0∼7.3개였다. 3. 런너당 자묘발생수는 1.4∼3.0주 였다. 4. 묘의 차수별 중량은 1차 자묘가 5.23g, 2차 자묘가 4.52g, 3차 자묘가 2.85g, 4차 자묘가 1.37g으로 나타났다. 5. 삽목시 발근에 소요되는 일수는 10∼14일이었다. This study aims at obtaining basic data on aerial raising of strawberry seedling, 'AKIHIME', The results of study are as follows: 1. The ratio of ramification from stock plant was 6.3% in the first shoot, 36.8% in the second, 44.3% in the third, 12.4% in the fourth and 0.2% in the fifth, respectively. 2. The number of runners per plant was 7.33 in the first shoot, 14.67 in the second, 20.00 in the third and 24.00 in the fourth, and the number of runners per branch was 6.0˚≠7.3. 3. The number of daughter seedlings per runner was 1.4˚≠3.0. 4. The fresh weight at each stage of seedling was 5.23 at the first daughter seedling stage, 4.52g at the second, 2.85g at the third, and 1.37g at the fourth. 5. 10-14 days were required for rooting after seedlings had been cut.

수박종자의 크기가 묘의 소질 및 수량에 미치는 영향

강호종,채윤석,이상우,문국이 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2007 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.20 No.-

수박종자의 크기에 따른 발아율과 배축 굵기, 뿌리발육상태, 접목묘 생육 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종자 크기별 발아율은 대립은 97%, 중립은 94%, 소립은 91.9%로 종자의 중량이 큰 대립종자 일수록 발아율이 높았다. 2. 종자의 크기별 배축 굵기는 대립이 1.63mm, 중립이 1.45mm, 소립이 1.29mm로 종자의 중량이 클수록 배축이 굵고 뿌리무게도 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 3. 종자의 크기별 접수의 소질은 종자의 중량이 큰 것일수록 좋은 경향이 있었으나 초장, 엽장 등은 소립종자에서 유의적인 경향이 나타났다. 4. 종자의 크기별 접목묘 소질은 대립종자에서 유의적인 차이를 보였고, 뿌리중량은 중립종자에서 다소 높은 경향이었으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 5. 종자 크기별 착과 절위별로 과중은 자만 7~8절에서 6.6kg, 자만 9~ 10절에서 7.4kg, 자만 11~13절에서 7.2kg으로 자만 9~10절에 착과시킨 처리구가 가장 좋았다. 6. 접목융합의 정도에 따라 생육과 과실의 품질에 유의성이 있었다. 7. 종자의 크기가 클수록 발아율과 배축 굵기, 균일도 등이 높아 접목작업이 용이하여 접목능률을 향상시켰다. Effects of seeds size(small, medium and large) in watermelon(citrulus vulgaris schard) on seed germination, seedlings growth and the quality of fruit were investigated. The results are as followings. The seeds of watermelon were classified according to the weight of seeds into 3 groups, small (〈34mg), medium(44-35mg) and large( 〉45mg). Germination rate increased from 91.9% to 97% as the seed size increased. Hypocotyle thickness increased from 1.1mm to 1.5mm as the size of seeds increased. The heavier root weight was the larger the seeds were. The quality of seedlings improved as the seed size increased. Fruit quality was better at larger seed. At the same time, the efficiency of grafting improved since larger seeds produced higher uniformity at germination rate and hypocotyl thickness. The fruit weight was 6.6kg at 7-8 node, 7.4kg at 9-10kg and 7.2kg at 11-13kg.

멀티미디어 응용에 적합한 화상 크기 변환에 관한 연구

朴商周,劉采浩 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

In multimedia applications, image data are very widely used. Usually, images are not stored in desired size. So resizing the original image is important and very frequently used technique in multimedia applications. Two methods are widely used. One is pixel repetition/dropping method, and the other is optimal resizing technique using interpolation and decimation method originally developed for sampling rate conversion. The former is very simple to implement, but it requires separate prototype low pass filter that needs to be designed for each different resizing factor. Pixel prediction method is newly proposed. This method basically combines the merits of pixel repetition/dropping method and optimal resizing method. It needs only one prototype low pass filter for any resizing ratio. This filter can be designed off-line, which reduces the complexity of computation significantly. Quality of the resized image by this method is almost identical to that generated by optimal resizing method.