컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

유지 투석중인 만성 신부전환자에서 허혈성 심질환의진단 지표로서의 심장트로닌-I의 유용성

신병철,강대웅,정지용,류봉관,서영욱,김정인,김범윤,김현리,정종훈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Background : Coronary disease is highly prevalent in patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and account for much of their observed morbidity and mortality. Troponin-I consistently maintains a high sensitivity and specificity and is most sensitive marker for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Method : We examed 49 hernodialyzed patients (22 male, 27 female) without evidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) for 6 months. Biochemical markers were measured in serial predialysis blood samples. For analysis, we used two cardio-specific assays for troponin-T (cTnT) as well as for troponin-I (cTnI) and compared the results with CK-MB (reference value ≤ 4.0 ng/mL) concentration. Results : Myocardial ischemia was observed in 47% (23/49) of patients. cTnT level above 0.1 ng/mL. and cTnI level above 0.5 ng/mL, were observed in 22% (11/49) and 20% (10/49) of patients respectively. cTnI revealed significantly higher positive rate in patients with myocardial ischemia than the patients without myocardial ischemia (43 % vs 30%) (p<0.05). cTnT and CK-MB revealed no difference in positive rate between the patients with and without myocardial ischemia (cTnT : 30% vs 15% and CK-MB : 30% vs 19%). The sensitivity and specificity of cTnI to myocardial ischemia were higher than those of cTnT and CK-MB (sensitivity 43% vs 30% and 30%. specificity 100% vs 85% and 81%). Conclusion: Both cTnT and cTnI are useful in ruling out myocardial injury in chronic renal failure patients. But. cTnI is a more sensitivity and excellent specificity of ischemic heart disease than cTnT and CK-MB in hemodialyzed patients. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the presences of DM and advanced age were higher than those in patients without ischemic heart disease (p<0.05). Among the baseline characteristics old age, elevated LDH and diabeties were significant more frequent in the patients with elevation of cardiac troponin-I (p>0.5 ng/mL) than those with cardiac troponin-I (p<0.5 ng/mL), p=0.038, p=0.049, and p=0.045, respectively. Our results suggest that these cTnI is the potential diagnostic marker for the prediction of IHD in ESRD patients.

균 spheroplast 및 large unilamellar vesicle의 식물 protoplast로의 도입

주충노,강철호,이희봉 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1987 學術論文集 Vol.19 No.-

A. tumefaciens의 식물 protoplast로의 도입을 확인하는 방법으로 방사성 인산(Na_2H^32PO_4)을 함유한 0.8% nutrient broth에서 증식한 Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58를 사용하여 방사성 spheroplast와 방사성 Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome을 만들어 Danus carota protoplast로의 도입을 시도한 결과 다음과 같은 실험 성적을 얻었다. 1. A. tumefaciens에서 추출한 Ti plasmid를 Reverse Phase Evaporation 법으로 phosphatidyl-choline, stearylamine과 함께 Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome을 제조한 결과 17%의 Ti plasmid가 liposome안으로 편입되었다. 2. 방사성 Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome과 Dacus carota root protoplast를 polyethyleneglycol-Ca^2+법으로 처리한 결과 introduction frequency는 38%이었다. 3. A. tumefaciens C58의 spheroplast와 Dacus carota root protoplast를 polyethyleneglycol Ca^2+ 법으로 처리한 결과 introduction frequency가 47.6%였다. 4. 본 연구에서 얻은 실험결과로 부터 liposome법, spheroplast법 모두 Ti plasmid의 식물 protoplast로의 도입은 용이하게 일어나는 것으로 생각된다. It was attempted in the present study to prepare radioactive Ti plasmid to identify the introduction frequency of Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome into Dacus carota root protoplast. Agrobcterium tumefaciens C58 was cultured in 0.8% nutrient broth containing radioactive phosphoric acid(H_3^32PO_4) and the radioactive Ti plasmid wad isolated. Radioactive Ti plasmid was encapsulated into phosphatidyl choline-stearylamine liposomes by reverse phase evaporation technique and the encapsulation frequency was found to be about 17%. Radioactive Ti plasmid encapsulated liposome and Dacus carota root protoplast was treated by polyethyleneglycol Ca^2+ procedure. The introduction frequency was 38%. The spheroplast of A. tumefaciens C38 was prepared from the bacteria cultured in 0.8% nutrient broth containing radioactive phosphoric acid using lysozyme. As much as 47% of the spheroplast were found to be introduced into Dacus carota protoplast.

소아기 간종대의 임상병리학적 관찰 : 특히 원인불명성 간종대에 관하여 emphasized on the needle biopsy finding of hepatomegaly unknown etiology

김정규,이철희,이두봉 대한소아과학회 1970 小兒科 Vol.13 No.8

모반을 실로 묶어 발생된 화농성 육아종양 병변 1예

신봉석,정병수,최규철 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular, inflammatory proliferation that appears following minor trauma in children and young adults. The exact pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma is unknown, but its formation is closely related to minor trauma, chronic irritation, and hormonal influences. A 52-year old woman visited us with a protruding nodule on the right zygoma area. The nodule was pedunculatedby trauma of tied up nevus. Based on the histological finding, we diagnosed post-traumatic pyogenic granuloma like lesion developed within melanocytic nevus.

다발성 모기질종 1예

신봉석,정병수,최규철 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

Pilomatricoma, often called calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a tumor with differentiation toward hair cells, particularly hair matrix cells. It presents as a firm, deep-seated nodule that is covered by normal or pink skin. It is occuring usually as a single lesion which is most commonly found on the face, neck, or proximal upper extremity. Multiple lesions are quite unusual, comprising only 2-3.5% of cases. A 32-year old man had 3 subcutaneous nodules on the both upper extremities. Histological findings of the lesion showed the typical pattern of pilomatricoma. We presented herein one case of multiple pilomatricoma with the review of literatures.

혈액투석중인 말기신부전 환자에서 Fludrocortisone acetate (FCA) 투여 후 혈청 칼륨 저하 효과

류봉관,강대웅,정지용,윤나라,신병철,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Background: Hyperkalemia is a commonly encountered problem in dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of mineralocorticoid therapy (fludrocortisono acetate) on serum potassium level in the serum of hyperkalemic end-stage renal disease patients. Methods: Fourteen patients on hemodialysis receiving fludrocortisone acetate (FCA) 0.1 mg/day were observed for 2 months periods. Consecutive monthly biochemical profiles were compared for the druration of the pre-and post-treatment of FCA. Result: Fourteen patients with mean age (±SE) of 51.5 years (4 males and 10 females) and mean hemodialysis period of 51.9 months were studied. Mean serum potassium levels significantly fell (p<0.05) during the post-FCA period (5.2±0.66 mEq/L) compared with potassium levels during the pre-FCA (5.8±0.43 mEq/L) period. Pre-and post-FCA values were not different for sodium, chloride, protein, albumin, AST/ALT, glucose, blood nitrogen, creatinine, phosphate and calcium. Conclusions: FCA appears to decrease serum potassium value in patients with end-stage renal disease. These results suggested that FCA could be effective to treat hyperkalemia without any adverse effect in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

격막형 액막에 의한 코발트 이온 및 니켈이온의 분리

金春泳,鄭奉佑,李鉉哲 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The separation of the cobalt ion and nickel ion was carried out which was based on the principle of coupling facilitated transport. The principle of coupling facilitated transport was developed and validated by predicting the cobalt ion and nickel ion fluxes through membrane as a function of hydrogen ion concentration in the feed solution, carrier concentration in the membrane, and content of metals ion in the feed solution, flow rate of the feed solution and acid concentration in the stripping solution. Diffusion coefficients of Co-di(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid and Ni-di(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid through polytetrafluroethylene membrane were 1.2×10^7㏖/sec and 5.5×10^8㏖/sec, respectively.

한국 고전문헌 데이터베이스의 설계·구축 및 응용 방안 연구

안병학,정우봉,정출헌 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2001 民族文化硏究 Vol.34 No.-

본 연구는 한국 고전문헌 데이터베이스의 설계 및 구축에 필요한 방법론, 모형 설계, 표본·본격 데이터베이스 구축, 교정·활용 도구의 개발 및 응용 방안 모색을 목적으로 수행되었다. 먼저 Ⅱ장에서는 분류체계 수립과 표준코드로 처리할 수 없는 비표준 문자에 관한 처리 방안, TEI 방식에 기반하여 문서 마크업 표준화 방안 등을 검토하여 우리의 고전 문헌의 실상에 부합하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 이어서 Ⅲ장에서는 Ⅱ장에서 제시된 방법론을 기반으로 제1수준 문서 마크업 지침을 확정하고 『珍本 靑丘永言』, 『洪吉童傳』, 『國朝詩刪』, 『詩經』를 대상으로 표본 데이터베이스를 구축한 내용을 서술하였다. 그리고 이를 검증하기 위해 개발한 '한문 및 고전 자료를 위한 통계 분석 도구', '교정목록에 의한 오류 어절 자동교정 및 사전에 미등록된 글자 전환 프로그램', 'TEI 헤더 및 마크업 검사 프로그램'의 알고리즘과 특징에 대해 서술하였다. Ⅳ장에서는 표본 데이터페이스를 기반으로 본격 데이터베이스를 구축한 내용을 서술하였다. 일차 자료 전사문제와 비평적 주석을 중심으로 제3수준 문서 마크업 지침을 확정하고, 이를 기반으로 『松江歌辭』와 『三國遺事』를 대상으로 구축한 데이터베이스를 제시하였다. 그리고 이의활용을 위해 개발한 '용례 검색 프로그램'과 '공기분석 프로그램'의 알고리즘과 특징을 서술하였다. 용례 검색 프로그램은 각종 문자열 검색, 마크업 세트를 이용한 색인어 검색 등이 가능하다. 共起(concurrence)분석 프로그램은 용례 검색프로그램이 수행할 수 없는 일정 범위내의 어휘 빈도, 그 특성이나 패턴 등을 연구하는데 매우 유용하게 활용할 수 있다. 마지막으로 Ⅴ장에서는 응용 및 활용 방안으로 ①새로운 한국학 연구 의 새로운 방법론 개척, ②각종 사전 편찬 사업에 응용, ③유니코드(Unicode)시대 다국어 정보 처리를 위한 학술적 기반 조성, ④XML방식으로의 활용을 제시하였다. This study is implemented for the purpose of finding a methodology for constructing an Old Korean literature database, a model planing, a sample and real database, and developing/searching for applications of proofreading and ractical implements. First, in chapter Ⅱ, there is presented a method designed to deal with non-standard characters which could not properly be handled by classification systems and standard codes available. While examining methods of the document mark-up standardization based on TEI approach, we present the method that is coincident with Old Korean literatures. In chapter Ⅲ, following on the method introduced in chapter Ⅱ, we describe the contend of the sample database regarding <Cheongguyongeon: Jinbon(靑丘永言:珍本)>, <Honggildongjeon(洪吉童傳)>, <Guksoshisan(國朝詩刪)>, <Chunhyangcheon(春香傳)>, and <Shiking(詩經)>, having determined the instructions for the first-level document mark-up. And we also describe the characteristics of the algorithm, developed for verifying the above works, of 'the statistic analysis instrument for Chinese writing and old literatures', 'Automating correcting system of error segmentation by proof-list and the Conversion program of unlisted letters in dictionary'. and 'TEI header and Mark-Up verification program'. In chapter Ⅳ, we describe the real database construction based on the sample database. While focusing on the problem of the first-hand database and critical comments, we decide the instruction for the third-level document mark-up. Based on it, we first suggested the database regarding <Songganggasa(송강가사)>, <Samgukyusa(三國遺事)>, and described the algorithm and the characteristics of the 'Sample searching program' and the 'Co-occurrence analysis program'. The Sample search program can be used for searching for various kinds of character strings, and indexes using mark-up sets. Moreover, the Co-occurrence analysis program is very useful for studying a certain scope of word frequency, characteristics, and patterns that cannot be done by sample searching programs. Finally, in chapter Ⅴ, we suggest several ways of practical applications: ① opening up a new methodology for a new ways of Korean Studies, ② applications for various kinds of dictionary compilation, ③ building an academic bases for multilingual information flow in Unicode era, and ④ applications for XML approach.