정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

미생물 및 동식물에서 분리된 Carboxypeptidase의 이론적 고찰

박기현,이병조 建國大學校附設 應用科學硏究所 1976 理學論集 Vol.2 No.-

No chemical procedure is at present available for the sequential nonenzymatic degradation of a polypeptide chain starting at the C-terminal residue. The enzymatic method using the pancreatic Carboxypeptidase A and B (CPApse A and B) has been used to fill this gap. This method, however, is restricted by the limited specificity of both enzyme. CPAase A removes C-terminal aromatic and aliphatic amino acid with long side chains most rapidly, but glycine and acidic residues only slowly, while lysine, arginine, proline and histidine block the action of the enzyme. The B enzyme exhibits a narrow specificity and cleaves lysine and arginine most rapidly but neutral amino acid only in certain cases with slow rates. Although any of the normal protein amino acid, expect proline, may be cleaved by either enzyme the differences in the rate of hydrolysis vary considerably. CPAase C has been is isolated from the exocarp of citrus fruits, which has a pH optinmum around 5 and seems to be a common constituent of many angiospermous plants. CPAase purified from culture filtrate of micro-organism exhibits too same results.

前腕部 經穴 取穴에서 骨度分寸法과 一夫法의 比較 硏究

박히준,채윤병,차웅석,박종배,이혜정,이향숙,인창식,고형균,김수영,최일환,김강식,문정배,배기태,유경환,육근영,정병주,손인철,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Background : The cun measurement System, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and Small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height.

부착증식공정에서 내부 반송율 변화에 따른 생물학적 제거특성

박충기,김병욱,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2000 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the contaminants removal efficiency and the optimal operating parameters by the internal recycle(IRR) in the combining A²/O process with fixed film. The average removal efficiency of BOD and COD was 92.5%~94.6%, 73.9%~87.0% in RUN 1 and 91.9%~94.7%, 77.7%~89.0% in RUN 2, respectively. Organic removal efficiency, two different hydraulic retention time of 10 and 14hr, was similar. At 50% of the internal recycle rate, organic removal efficiency was somewhat higher than the other. Total nitrogen(T-N) and total phosphorus(T-P) were removed, highly, at 50% of internal recycle rate. It could be suggested by this study that the optimum internal recycle rate is 50% and hydraulic retention time is 14hr.

3급 부정교합 환자와 정상인에 있어서 하악소설과 Sigmoid Notch간의 거리에 관한 비교연구

박해승,안병근,이건주,김선해,박영주,유기준 한림대학교의료원 1994 人間科學 Vol.18 No.2

RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CHUNGNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

김병수,박상래,김기세,송인춘 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.12 No.2

As the use of hot water in multifamily housing in Korea increases, it is desirable to apply solar hot water(SHW) system into apartments to save energy used for hot water. The study aims to evaluate the energy saving sffect of the solar hot water collectors in multifamily housing. First, the energy costs for hot water in selected 31 pyung apartment were surveyed. Actual SHW system were installed and then the their performance in terms of water temperature and flow rate was monitored. Form the survey and the experiment it found that the use of the solar hot water system applied in the apartments contributes to the enegy saving ofabout over 10%

만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 적혈구 항산화효소의 변화

국기용,이만재,조희충,임영국,박일,김원식,이승일,이병래 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1993 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.18 No.1

Toxic oxygen free radicals have been implicated as important pathologic mediators in many clinical disordesrs. Enhandng the intracellular content of antioxidant enzymes can provide means of limiting biological damage caused by oxygen free radicals. Many investigations have examined the potential of various oxyradical scavengers to modulate oxyradical injury. The oxygen free radicals play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To investigate the pulmonary oxyradical injury and the protective role of antioxidant enzymes, author measured the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactants, the activiteies of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and the sulfhydryl groups in serum and red blood cells from the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease groups and the normal controls. The thiobarbituric acid reactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease groups was increased than the controls in both serum and red blood cells, and the superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells was no statistically difference in both groups. But, the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lowered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease groups than the controls. The sulfhydryl groups in serum and red blood cells were no statistically difference in both groups. These results suggest that the increased thiobarbituric acid reactant in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease groups mean oxygen radical toxicity, and the decreased glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities may play a role in cellular injury.

목탄분말의 입자크기가 양파 생육과 토양 이화학성에 미치는 영향

윤봉기,박인진,유영권,허원영,김병운,김용웅 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

토양개량용으로 적합한 목탄의 입자크기를 구명하기 위하여 양파 재배 토양에서 참나무 목탄분말과 소나무 목탄분말의 입자크기를 각각 1 ㎜이하, 1~5㎜, 5~10㎜의 3처리로 하여 목탄분말을 500㎏/10a 수준으로 사용하고 2001년에 시험 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 시험에 사용된 목탄의 화학적 특성은 참나무 목탄은 pH10.1, T-N 0.04%, P₂O_(5) 1.63%, K₂O 0.34%이었으며 소나무 목탄은 pH 9.3, T-N 0.24%, P₂O_(5) 2.18%, K₂O 0.33%이었다. 2) 수확기의 양파 생육은 초장 50.0~62.6㎝, 엽수 6.0~6.5매, 줄기직경 11.2~16.4㎜이었으며 1 ㎜이하 크기의 목탄 시용구에서 초장. 염수, 줄기직경 등 생육이 좋았다. 3) 목탄 입자크기에 따른 수량 구성요소는 1 ㎜이하 시용 구에서 구고. 구 직경, 구중 등이 좋았으며 수량도 목탄 입자크기 1 ㎜이하 시용구에서 많았다. 4) 시험후 토양 화학성은 토양 pH 5.9~6.3, OM 14.7~15.5 g ㎏^(-1), CEC 15.6~16.8 c㏖^(+)㎏^(-1), Avail. P₂O_(5) 147~186㎎ ㎏^(-1), Exch. K 0.35~0.41c㏖^(+) ㎏^(-1)으로 시험전 토양에 비하여 OM, CEC가 증가하고 Avail. P₂O_(5), Exch. K의 축적이 경감되었다. 5) 시험후 토양의 물리성은 용적밀도 1.20~l.24g ㎝^(-3), 고상 45.1~46.6%, 공극율 53.4~54.9% 이었으며 목탄 입자크기 1 ㎜이하 시용구에서 좋아지는 경향이었다. 6) 시험후 토양의 미생물상은 세균 64.3~200.4(×10^(5))cfu g^(-1),방선균 26.4~70.3(×10^(5)), 사상균 16.9~186.2(×10³))이었으며 <1㎜, 1~5㎜ 크기의 목탄 시용구에서 세균, 방선균, 사상균이 많은 경향이었다. This experiment was conduct to find out moderating particle size of wood charcoal powder for soil improvement in 2001 year. The wood charcoal material was a black oak and pine. The particle size of wood charcoal was 1㎜ below, 1~5 ㎜ and 5~10 ㎜. An amount of wood charcoal application was 500 ㎏ l0a^(-1), Chemical properties of a black oak charcoal used experiment was pH 10.1, T-N 0.04%, P₂O_5 1.63% and K₂O 0.34%. That of pine charcoal was pH 93, T-N 0.24%, P₂O_(5) 2.18%, K₂O 033%. At harvest stage of onion, plant height was 50.5~62.6㎝. The number of leaf was 6.0~6.5ea. Stem diameter was 11.2~16.4 ㎜. Plant height, the number of leaf and stem diameter of plot treated 1 ㎜ below wood char-coal were be longer, more or bigger than those of any other particle size. Onion height, diameter and weight of plot treated 1 ㎜ below wood charcoal was higher or bigger than that of any other particle size. Yield was similar to yield component. Soil chemical properties of after experiment was pH 5.9~63, OM 14.7~15.5 g ㎏^(-1), CEC 15.6~16.8 c㏖^+ ㎏^(-1), Avail. P₂O_(5) 147~486 mg ㎏^(-1) and Exch. K 035~0.41 c㏖+ ㎏^(-1). OM and CEC was increased than that of before experiment. Avail. P₂O_5 and Exch. K was decreased than that of before experiment. Soil texture after experiment was bulk density 1.20~4.24 g ㎝^(-1), solid phase 45.1~46.6%, porosity 53.4~54.9%. Soil texture was trend to be improved by l㎜ wood charcoal. Soil microflora after experiment bacteria 64.3~200.4(×10^(5))cfu g^(-1) actinomycete 26.4~70.3(×l0^(5))cfu g^(-1) and fungi 16.9~186.2(×10³)cfu g^(-1) Bacteria, actinomycete and fungi was much at plot treated with <1 ㎜, 1~5 ㎜ wood charcoal with out relation to wood charcoal material.

목탄분말의 원료수종이 양파 생육과 토양 이화학성에 미치는 영향

윤봉기,박인진,유영권,허원영,김병운,김용웅 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

양파재배 토양에서 토양개량용으로 적합한 목탄의 원료 수종을 선발하기 위해서 관행(무처리)과 코코넛피트, 대나무, 참나무, 활엽수 수피, 소나무로 만든 목탄분말의 6처리로 시용량 500㎏· 10a^(-1)으로 하여 2002년에 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험에 사용한 5종 목탄의 pH는 5.1~10.1, T-N 0.15~0.71%, P₂O_(5) 2.06~2.65%, K₂O 0.20~0.86% 범위였으며 1 ㎜이하 입자의 분포는 9.0~84.8%이었다. 2. 양파의 생육은 목탄시용으로 줄기직경이 크고 주당 엽수가 많은 경향이었으며 참나무, 활엽수 수피, 대나무 목탄처리 구에서 생육이 좋았다. 양파의 수량은 4,631~5,114㎏ 10a^(-1)으로 무처리(4,638㎏)에 비하여 구고가 크고 구중이 무거운 참나무목탄과 활엽수 수피 목탄처리구에서 각각 10%, 소나무 목탄구에서 3% 증수되었으며 유의성이 인정되었다. 3. 시험 후 토양의 물리성은 목탄 시용으로 용적밀도와 토양의 고상비율이 줄어들 고 액상과 기상, 공극율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 화학성은 코코넛 피트처리구 를 제외한 처리구에서 토양 pH가 개선되었고, OM, CEC 는 모든 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. This experiment was conducted to find out moderating tree kinds of wood charcoal pow-der for soil improvement and onion growth in 2002 year. The wood charcoal materials were coconut peat, bamboo, black oak, pine, and broadleaf tree bark. Wood charcoal application rate was 500 ㎏ 10a^(-1). Results were summerized as follows; Chemical properties of wood charcoal used experiment were pH 5.11~10.1, T-N 0.15~0.71%, P₂O_(5) 2.06~2.65% and K₂O 0.20~0.86%. The particle size of <0.1 ㎜ was 9.0~84.8%. Onion growth of plot applied wood charcoal was better than that of plot not applied wood charcoal. The number of leaf and diameter of stem at plot applied wood charcoal was better than that of plot not applied wood charcoal. Growth of plot applied black oak charcoal, broadleaf tree bark char-coal, and bamboo charcoal was better than that of any other plot. Yield of plot applied wood charcoal was 4,631~5,114 ㎏ 10a^(-1). The yield of plot applied black oak charcoal, broadleaf tree bark charcoal and pine charcoal was increased 10, 10, 3% than that of control(4,638 ㎏ 10a^(-l)), respectively. It was significant at 5% level. Soil physical properties of after experiment was decreased bulk density and solid phase, but liquid phase, air phase and porosity were increased than that of control. Soil chemical properties of after experiment trend to be improved pH. Soil OM and CEC was increased than that of control.

CdS 광도전막의 제조 및 그 응용

최병진,박욱동,이우일,김기완 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1991 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.2 No.1

The Polycrystallized CdS films have been fabricated at the substrate temperature above 200℃ by thermal evaporation method. When the CdS films were annealed at the temperature higher than 400℃, the dark resistivity was increased. From the photoconductive properties of CdS films under 50~1500uW/cm^(2) illumination, the maximum values of I_(p)/I_(d) ratio and photosensitivity were 60dB and 0.82, respectively. The optical properties of CdS films were measured by spectrometer, the optical band gap of CdS film was different with heat treatment, These results show that this evaporated CdS films are expected to be used as photoconductive cells or photoelectric sensors.