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이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
Hamlin Garland의 初期 作品世界 : Mrs. Ripley's Trip를 中心으로
鄭泰鎭 서울대학교 교육대학원 학술연구회 1965 論文集 - 서울대학교 교육대학원 Vol.2 No.-
한 작가의 type를 정하는 작업이란 퍽 위태로운 일이다. 작가 자신으로써도 그가 어떤 type이라 자처하게 되면 자기 사상이나 문학관을 어떤 고정된 pattern에 고수하게 되어 더 이상 작가적 발전의 기회를 상실하게 되는 결과를 자초하게 되거니와 비평가 역시 한 작가의 type을 정하는데도 그의 독단이나 편견이 개입되어 한 작가의 진상(상)을 흐리게 하는 경우가 많기 때문이다.
Targeting Multiple Myeloma Cell Death with Polyphenol EGCG
Tae‐Hoon Lee,Hee‐Young Yang,Hoon‐In Choi,Ung Yang,Kyoung‐Jin Chung,Lina Ren 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
(‐)‐Epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant polyphenol in green tea that acts as an anticancer agent via both direct and indirect pathways. Although the relationship between EGCG’s anticancer effects and its antioxidant activity is not fully understood, it is known that EGCG stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress leading to cell death. In IM9 multiple myeloma cells, EGCG acted in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner to induce apoptotic cell death. Among the antioxidant enzymes expressed in IM9 cells, levels of peroxiredoxin (Prdx) V were selectively and significantly reduced by EGCG. Moreover, the ROS scavenger NAC completely inhibited EGCG‐induced apoptosis and PrdxV reduction, while overexpression of PrdxV, but not a PrdxVC48S mutant, protected IM9 cells from EGCG‐induced apoptosis. EGCG‐induced reductions in cell viability and PrdxV levels were also observed in primary CD138+ multiple myeloma cells from patients. These results suggest that PrdxV is a key target via which EGCG mediates its anticancer effects.
정석훈,이태경,정재열,장정기,장상현,이미경,강시현,정혜윤,유한익,김창윤,홍진표 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.1
Objectives : Recent studies have shown that schizophrenic patients are at increased risk to commit acts of aggression, and aggressive behaviors have severe critical results for the patients and victims. The purpose of the present study is to assess the homicidal behaviors of schizophrenic patients as a extreme case of aggressiveness. Methods : 93 homicidal schizophrenic patients and 93 non-homicidal schizophrenic patients participated in this study. Diagnostic evaluation was made with SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV), and personality trait was evaluated with SIDP (Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders). Symptom evaluation was done with PANSS (Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale), and violent behaviors were assessed with LHA (Life History of Aggression) and OAS (Overt Aggression Scale). Results : There were no significant differences in demographic vahables, schizotypal personality trait and antisocial Personality trait between two groups. Mean age at homicidal commitment was 34±8.9 years and 9.8±7.5 years after the onset of illness. The major criminal victims were the parents of the patients (N=49, 53.7%). The aggressiveness was higher in homicidal schizophrenic patients in LHA and OAS scales. There were statistical significances in separate items of the PANSS scale such as excitement (P4), Poor rapport (N3), lack of judgement and insight (G12), disturbance of volition (G13), Poor impulse control (G14) and active social avoidnance (G16), but not in the positive, negative, general subscales and the total scores of the PANSS scale. Conclusion : Excitement and poor impulse control persisted in homicidal schizophrenics, although overt psychotic Symptoms decline after proper treatment. Homicidal behavior can be preventive if proper treatment for excitement and poor impulse control are given.
정진은,장성태 한국기술교육대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.10 No.1
It is proven that most air pollution of the big city results from the emissions of vehicles. Therefore the proper maintenance of the emissions control system of them is important. In this study a portable automotive emission analysis system which can instantaneously and continuously measure the emissions was developed. The system consists of the portable gas analyzer, the computer with A/D board, and the program with LabVIEW and Excel. By using this the concentration of the emissions were measured and analyzed for the warm-up, bad ignition, bad injection, lean mixture and rich mixture. The results show that this system may be used to diagnose the emission control system of the vehicles in the repair field.
정태진 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1989 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-
The combined effect of rotary inertia, shear deformation and axial loads on the transient vibration characteristics of simply supported beams is investigated theoretically, it is achieved by defining an effective axial load parameter. The theoretical results are obtained by using Hamilton's principle, Laplas transformation method and the numerical integration method.