경주지역 여고생의 초경과 체성장간의 관계

김준섭,권오구,박진석,오종수,박정현,박제식,안세한,이용환,서정호,신태섭,최영배,김덕수,이관,박수경 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 경주지역 1개 고등학교 3학년 여고생을 대상으로 초경 시작 전인 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레 수치와 초경 연령을 파악하여 여성의 초경이 빠를수록 체성장 속도의 변화가 있을 것이라는 가설을 기초로 두 요인간의 관련성을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 경주시 1개 여자고등학교 3학년생 총 317명에 대해 ㅊ경 나이, 초경시 심리 상태, 초경이 시작되었을 때의 상담 여부와 상담하였던 사람, 부모 신장과 초경전후의 식사 규칙성, 다이어트 경험, 수면시간, 스트레스, 음주/흡연 여부, 질병력 등에 대한 설문 조사를 시행하였고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레에 대한 정보는 건강기록부에서 확보하였다. 상기 대상자 중 건강기록부가 분실된 39명, 초경나이에 대해 응답하지 않았던 29명 및 결석 등으로 조사를 하지 못하였던 42명을 제외한 조사 대상자는 206명으로 선정하였다. 대상자들의 초경연령 평균값(Mean±SD)은 13.0±1.11이었고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 초경 이후 신장 성장률은 감소하였으며, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교 때는 신장에 있어서 우위를 차지하나 고등학교에 오면서 신장은 비슷한 수준이 되었다. 초경후 1-2년 사이에 체중과 흉위의 증가율은 감소하였고, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교와 고등학교 사이에 체중과 흉위에서 모두 우위를 차지하였다. 본 연구의 결과는, 흔히 이차 성징의 시작 시점 혹은 사춘기의 시작 시점으로 보고있는 초경 연령이 청소년기의 성장과 밀접한 관련성이 있고, 특히 체중과 흉위의 성장 속도와 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 시사한다. To understand the onset of menarche in relation to changes in physical growth that take place during female adolescence, especially the changes in height and weight velocity. The 207 senior in one women high school of Kyongju were investigated in April 3 to 8, 2001. We collected the information, relation in the age at menarche, height & weight of parents, regularity of eating, and obesity diet, duration of sleeping, sickness & stress near age at menarche, by self-recording. The status of height, weight & chest circumference between the 4th grade of primary school and the junior of high school was collected by individual Health Record. The results were followed; The average age at menarche was 12.95±1.11 years old and the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. After menarche, the velocity of height, weight and chest circumference were decreased. The most rapid group of menarche hold dominant position in height during elementary school. As time passed, they dont hold dominant position in height. The most rapid group of menarche get an advantage in the weight and the girth of chest after elementary school. The height of subjects is directly proportional to the height of their parents. These results suggest that the starting age at menestuation can be closely associated with physical growth and development.

少太山 名稱考

朴龍德 圓光大學校 圓佛敎學硏究會 1978 圓佛敎學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

이장재와 이장면적의 차이에 따른 인장결합강도의 변화

박종덕,이용우,온영석,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to extimate the changes of tensile bond strength according to the difference in lining materials and lining area. Seventy non-carious extracted human molars were used in the present study. and they were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups according to the difference in lining materials. Each experimental group was subdivided into 3 groups according to the difference in lining area. Circular cavities were prepared on the dentin surface to a diameter of 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm and the prepared cavities were filled with Fuji Ⅱ LC(Glass Ionomer Cement : GIC) or Dycal. Dentin specimens without circular cavity were used as control group. The primer and bonding agent of All-Bond 2 and composite resin(Z-100, 3M Dental Products, U. S. A.) were applied to the exposed dentin surface with or without lining. Tensile bond strengths for the experimental specimens were then measured. To examine the interface between dentin and liner & between liner and composite resin, two specimens from each group were fabricated and observed under the SEM. The results were as follows. 1. Tensile bond strength for the specimens lined with GIC was higher than that for specimens lined with Dycal. However, therer was no significant diffenence between two groups(p>0.05). 2. Tensile bond strength for the specimens lined with GIC in a diameter of 1.5mm(GIC-1.5mm lining group) was statistically higher than that for the GIC-2.0mm lining group(p<0.05). 3. Tensile bond strength for the specimens lined with Dycal in a diameter of 2.5mm(Dycal-2.5mm lining group)was statistically lower than that for Dycal-1.5mm lining group and Dycal-2.0mm lining group(p<0.05). 4. It was possible to observe the good adhesion of the resin composite to the GIC and the presence of a fissure between GIC and dentin all along the interface, Interfacial gaps of 7.2-72.2㎛ between GIC and dentin were observed. The interfacial gap between GIC and dentin at the cavity base was greater. However. the gap was gradually decreased toward the occlusal portion. 5. It was possible to observe the poor adhesion of the resin composite to the Dycal. The detachment of Dycal was occurred all along the composite resin-Dycal interface, and the gaps of 2.0-30.1㎛ were formed. In all the specimens. polymerization shrinkage of resin composite caused the detachment of Dycal from the body of Dycal. AT a Dycal-dentin interface, it was possible to observe the good adhesion, but poor adhesion with interfacial gap of 2.9-26.8㎛ were formed. In all the specimens. polymerization shrinkage of resin composite caused the detachment of Dycal from the body of Dycal. At a Dycal-dentin interface, it was possible to observe the good adhesion, but poor adhesion with interfacial gap of 2.9-26.8㎛ was observed partially.

복합명사의 통사적 분석

朴慶洙,蔡鏞悳 慶北大學校 語學硏究所 1991 語文硏究 Vol.16 No.-

LED를 이용한 복합레진의 광조사시, 중합수축의 속도와 양, 미세경도에 관한 연구

박성호,김수선,조용식,이순영,김도현,장용주,문현승,서정원,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the light emitting diode(LED) units for composite curing. To compare its effectiveness with conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit, the microhardness of 2mm composite, Z250, which had been light cured by the LEDs (Ultralume LED2, FreeLight, Developing product D1) or QTH (XL 3000) were compared on the upper and lower surface. One way ANOVA with Tukey and Paired t-test was used at 95% levels of confidence. In addition, the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared between composites which were light cured by QTH or LEDs using a custom-made linimeter in 10s and 60s of light curing, and the amount of linear polymerization shrinkage was compared by one way ANOVA with Tukey. The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 10s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 40, 60 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The amount of polymerization shrinkage at 60s was XL3000 > Ultralume 2, 60 > Ultralume 2, 40 > FreeLight, D1 (P<0.05) The microhardness on the upper and lower surface was as follows; <본문 참조> It was concluded that the LEDs produced lower polymerization shrinkage in 10s and 60s compared with QTH unit. In addition, the microhardness of samples which had been cured with LEDs was lower on the lower surfaces than the upper surfaces whereas there was no difference in QTH cured samples.

광중합형 구치부 수복재료의 중합수축량과 중합수축력

박성호,이순영,조용식,김수선,이창재,김영주,이봉희,이광성,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2003 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage stress and amount of linear shrinkage of composites and compomers for posterior restoration. For this purpose, linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress were measured. For linear polymerization shrinkage and polymerization stress measurement, custom made Linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) and Stress measuring machine was used (R&B, Daejon, Korea). Compositers and compomers were evaluated; Dyract AP (Dentsply Detrey, Gumbh, German) Z100 (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, USA) Pyramid (Bisco, Schaumburg, USA) Synergy Compact (Coltene, Altstatten, Switzerland), Heliomolar (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), and Compoglass (Vivadent Ivoclar/Liechtenstein) were used. 15 measurements were made for each material. Linear polymerization shrinkage or polymerization stress for each material was compared with one way ANOVA with Tukey at 95% levels of confidence. For linear shrinkage ; Heliomolar, Surefil<Synergy Compact, Z100<Dyract AP<Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05) For Shrinkage stress ; Heliomolar < Z100, Pyramid<Synergy Compact, Compoglass F<Dyract AP<Heliomolar HB, Surefil (p<0.05)

미세혈관 협심증 환자의 임상상 및 지표에 관한 연구

박상호,온영근,김현정,이태훈,길효욱,김현건,박수진,송해정,한대희,방덕원,신원용,이내희,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : Microvascular angina or syndrom X is heterogenous and encompasses different pathogenetic entities. Several studies suggest that microvascular angina have good prognosis and occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women. Lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and fibrinogen are the independent risk factor of acute coronary syndrome and are the chief underlying cause of atherosclerosis. We investigated clinical characteristics and markers in patients with microvascular angina. Methods : We studies 23 patients diagnosed with microvascular angina and 16 control group with negative treadmill exercise test and no significant coronary angiogram. We investigated clinical characteristics in patients group and evaluated symptom during a follow-up period of 4.2± 2.5 month. Exercise time in treadmill exercise test was compared between patients and control group. We assessed the level of markers, such as lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and ESR in two groups. Results : There is no difference in age between two groups. Patients group had a tendency to increase in female, hypertension, DM, and smoking history, but there was no statistical significance difference. Exercise duration time was significantly decreased in patients with microvascular angina (p<0,05). Serum lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, Triglyceride, ESR, Fibrinogen and Homocystein value were no significant difference between microvascular angina and control group. Only CRP was significantly high in patients with microvascular angina (p<0.05). Conclusion : There was no statistical significance difference in age, sex, hypertension, DM and smoking history between two groups but patients group had a tendency to increase the prevalence in hypertension, DM and smoking history, female. Also, Symptom improvement and disappearance in follow-up was presented in 11 patients of 19(57.9%). Exercise tolerance was worse in patients group than control group. CRP value was significantly higher in patients group than control group. There was no statistical significance difference in lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, ESR and Fibrinogen between two groups.

칼라영상을 위한 그레이 스케일 로고 영상 워터마킹

박성용,정용덕,임수연,김정화 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

This paper is a method to maintain the right of possesion for color images. previous method used an binary data, image, or binary pattern etc. So watermarked image was declined in image quality. But the information for insertion was limited. This paper proposed the method which will change RGB mode of original image to YIQ, at first, we will insert the watermark in the Low frequency cofficient of wavelet transform domain. The watermark use the owner's photo of a digital contents. which is 256 gray-level watermark, and it's size can be changed by the size of original image. As the result of simulation, our method can provide the rightful1 ownership against Rotation, Cropping, JPEG, and Scaling attacks.

분광 엘립소메트리의 응용을 위한 0차 Retardation Plate의 Alignment

이용달,박명규,김세덕,방경윤,안일신 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2000 이학기술연구지 Vol.2 No.

A zero-order retarder was fabricated using two pieces of magnesium fluoride plates. In order to achieve desired zero-order retardation for specific wavelength, both the thickness of plates and the alignment of two fast axes were very important. We found that the alignment should be checked using broad band detection system for spectroscopic application, We devised alignment method by which the two fast axes lie perpendicularly to each other. The periodic oscillation feature in retardation angle versus wavelength disappeared with good alignment. We also developed calibration method to deduce the retardation angle over a wider spectral range using rotating compensator ellipsometer. 두 조각의 마그네슘 플로라이드 판을 이용한 0차 retarder를 제작하였다. 특정한 파장에 대하여 원하는 0차 retardation을 얻기 위해서는 판의 두께와 alignment가 매우 중요하였다. 분광학적인 응용을 위해서는 넓은 파장 영역을 측정할 수 있는 detection system의 사용이 필요하였다. 이를 이용하여 두 판의 fast axes가 서로 수직으로 놓이게 할 수 있는 alignment 방법을 개발하였다. 파장에 대한 retardation 각도에서의 주기적인 진동의 모양은 alignment를 잘하게 되면 사라지게 된다. 또한 rotating compensator ellipsometer를 사용 할 때 넓은 분광영역에 걸친 retardation angle을 측정해 낼 수 있는 calibration 방법을 개발하였다.

쇄석말뚝의 지지력에 관한 실험적 연구

이재덕,이상익,김병일,박용원 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Crushed Stone Pile(CSP) is suitable for improving soft silts and clays and loose silty sands. The effects of this method are increasing bearing capacity and slope stability, reducing settlement, increasing the time-rate of consolidation, and reducing liquefaction potential. In this study several model tests are carried out to investigate the bearing capacity of CSP treated ground. The results show that bearing capacity increases with the area replacement ratio and the preconsolidation pressure of the ground.