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장용주,오청훈,이철희 대한비과학회 2000 Journal of rhinology Vol.7 No.1
Background and Objectives:Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel protein,its kinetics and localization are altered in cystic fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the nasal polyppatients without phenotypic manifestation of cystic fibrosis have any form of CFTR mutations and to characterize the localizationof CFTR in the nasal polyp. Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 71 subjects with nasal polyp who underwentan intranasal operation, and 20 normal subjects. Peripheral blood of the study groups were screened for mutation on the exon 3,4, and 7 of the CFTR gene using single-stranded DNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP). Immunohistochemical stainingfor CFTR was conducted on the nasal polyps of studied subjects and normal turbinates as the control. Results:While in thenasal polyp group, SSCP screening revealed two cases of mutant band on the exon 3, the normal control group did not showmutant band in all exons screened. CFTR showed the typical apical distribution in the normal turbinate mucosa, whereas in thenasal polyp, regardless of an abnormal band in exon 3, CFTR demonstrated a heterogenous pattern of localization consisting ofcytoplasmic labeling, perinuclear staining, and intermingled apical location. Conclusion:These results suggest that an alteredlocalization of the CFTR in the nasal polyps, based not only on the CFTR mutation but also on the acquired inflammatory process,may have an important role in the formation of nasal polyps.
Rhinovirus-16의 감염이 일차배양된 기관상피세포의 전기생리학적 특성에 미치는 영향
장용주,JonathanHWiddicombe 대한이비인후과학회 2003 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.46 No.3
Background and Objectives:nce. However, the contribution of altered ion transport across the epithelial cells in rhinovirus-induced alteration in mucociliary clearance has not been studied yet. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of rhinovirus infection on the electrical property of airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods:Tracheal mucosae were harvested and digested with protease. The epithelial cells thus obtained were cultured in air-liquid interface method. Rhinvovirus-16s were infected for 1 hour on the epithelial cells t was measured by Using chamber technique. The electrical properties of control and infection groups were compared. Results:The change in the transepithelial resistance in the control group was 240 Ω.cm2, while it was 263 Ω.cm2 in the RV infected epithelium. The baseline short circuit curent was 6.3 μEq.cm-2.h-1 in the control group and 7.2 μEq.cm-2.h-1 in the RV infected group. The f-ferent significantly in both groups. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that rhinovirus infection in the airway epith-elial cells does not afect the electrical property, which reflects the function of ion channels in the epithelial cells. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2003 ;46 :211-5)
SRAF를 적용한 극자외선 노광기술용 위상 변위 마스크의 반사도에 따른 이미징 특성 연구
장용주,김정식,홍성철,조한구,안진호 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2015 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.14 No.3
In photolithography process, resolution enhancement techniques such as optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase shift mask (PSM) have been applied to improve resolution. Especially, sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) is one of the most important OPC to enhance image quality including depth of focus (DOF). However, imaging performance of the mask could be varied with the diffraction order amplitude changed by inserting SRAF. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the imaging properties and process margin of attenuated PSM with SRAF. Reflectivities of attenuated PSMs at 13.5 nm were 3, 6, 9% and simulation was performed by PROLITHTM. As a result, aerial image properties and DOF as well as diffraction efficiency were improved by increasing the reflectivity of attenuated PSM. Additionally, printed critical dimension variations depending on SRAF width and space error were also reduced for attenuated PSM with high reflectivity. However, SRAF could be printed when reflectivity of attenuated PSM is high enough. In conclusion, optimization of reflectivity of attenuated PSM and SRAF to prevent side-lobe from being printed is needed to be considered.
Histamine이 기도상피세포에서 Rhinovirus-16감염에 미치는 영향
장용주,이시형,권현자,이봉재,정유삼 대한이비인후과학회 2006 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.49 No.2
Background and Objectives:It is not known if allergies promote rhinovirus infections or aggravate the symptoms of common cold due to rhinoviruses. Histamine is an important immune mediator that induces symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma. We therefore investigated the effect of histamine on rhinovirus-16 infection in airway epithelial cells. Materials and Method:A549 cells were incubated for 24 hours with rhinovirus, histamine (10-5, 10-4, or 10-3 M), both, or neither. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was estimated by flow cytometry, and secretion of IL-6 and IL- 8 was measured by ELISA. Viral titers of rhinovirus-16 were measured by their cytopathic effects on lung fibroblasts after serial dilution. Results:Histamine and rhinovirus acted synergistically to increase IL-8 secretion and enhance viral titer in the supernatants of cultured cells. In contrast, histamine and rhinovirus did not show synergistic effects on cell surface expression of ICAM-1 or on IL-6 secretion. Conclusion:Histamine may potentiate the secretion of IL-8 after rhinovirus-16 infection and may increase rhinovirus-16 titer in airway epithelial cells in a dose dependent manner. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2006;49:182-6)