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정용덕,최광성,심재식,권용환,김제하 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.3
We developed an electroabsorption modulator module for analog 60-GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) applications. The temperature-dependent characteristics of an electroabsorption modulator were demonstrated and analyzed from 15 ℃ to 45 ℃. The insertion loss increased from 13.1 dB to 17.2 dB and the extinction ratio from 0 V to -5 V also increased from 14.5 dB to 26.2 dB with temperature at 0-dBm input power. The optimum operation voltages with the highest modulation efficiencies at different temperatures were investigated using a 60-GHz RoF link. The gain of the RoF link decreased by as much as 7 dB from 25 ℃ to 45 ℃ at a bias voltage -1.5 V; the gain of the RoF link had a maximum value at 25 ℃. For the RoF link, a steady gain could be obtained by adjusting the bias voltage to an optimum value for the given temperature.
Institutional Change and Continuity in Korea’s Central Agencies, 1948–2011
정용덕,이윤호,김덕수 서울대학교행정대학원 2011 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.26 No.1
This article analyzes Korea’s central agencies, which have been organized and reorganized to support presidential executive leadership since the foundation of the Republic. Each central agency has carried out the standardization of a core administrative function which is essential to the operation of administrative apparatuses, including policy planning and coordination, budgeting, organizing, staffing, legislation, public relations, central-local relations, control and performance evaluation, etc. The six decades of institutionalization can be characterized, based on the central agencies’ proportion of the total administrative apparatus, into three phases: high (more than 35 percent, 1948–1961), middle (around 20 percent, 1962–2007), and low (about 10 percent, 2008–present). Regardless of the changing size and organizational configuration of the central agencies, however, their roles and influence as core executive apparatuses have remained largely unchanged, especially since the early 1960s. More than 67 percent, on average, of the heads and deputy heads of CAs have been former public servants, less than 18 percent have been former politicians, and about 15 percent have been former outside experts. This strong bureaucratic background has oriented Korea’s core executive policy direction significantly toward long-term, consistent, and plan rationality rather than short-term, flexible, and democratic responsiveness.
정용덕,조대형,최해원,이규석,안병준,송정훈,김제하 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.10
We have investigated the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se<SUB>2</SUB> interface characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)Se<SUB>2</SUB> (CIGS) thin-film solar cells using photoreflectance spectroscopy and its influence on the photovoltaic performance. We have prepared CIGS solar cells, which had the different methods in fabrication of the chemical-bath-deposited (CBD) CdS layer and CIGS layer, respectively. The thiourea concentration in CBD-CdS process was varied from 0.025 M to 0.1 M. Final In-Ga-Se deposition time in CIGS film deposition was varied from 300 sec. to 490 sec. We have fabricated the thin-film solar cells with the combination of these conditions. The transition energies changed from 2.277 eV to 2.387 eV and the conversion efficiencies changed from 14.13 % to 15.81 % depending on the fabrication process. The formation of different states in CdS/CIGS resulted in different conversion efficiencies as well as different band alignments at the CdS/CIGS interface.
The Institutionalization of the Presidential Secretariat in Korea, 1948-2011
정용덕,이윤호,유현종 서울대학교행정대학원 2012 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.27 No.3
This article analyzes the institutionalization of the presidential secretariat (PS) in Korea from 1948 to the present. The PS was poorly institutionalized from the 1940s to the 1960s, but it has rapidly expanded and differentiated since 1968. Although presidents since the democratic transition in 1987 have effectively controlled any expansion of the number of senior secretaries, the PS’s total size has continued to increase, especially during the latter part of each administration. It has undergone institutional experiments responding to changing environmental challenges. The PS has become a core institution for executive and economic policy functions since 1968, at which time its expenditures began to increase steadily, enhancing its autonomy. And, socio-cultural, welfare, and education affairs have been a particular focus of institutionalization since 1987. The PS has been highly professionalized, staffed mainly with public servants and experts rather than politicians. This has caused it to be oriented toward the long term and consistency rather than the short term and flexibility.