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Kyoung-Mee Kim,박철근,손진희,Jin Sook Jeong,조미연,So-Young Jin,Jong Sang Choi,Dae Young Kang,Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Committee,The Korean Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group,Dong Wook Kang,Woo Sung 대한의학회 2005 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.20 No.6
Koreans who were diagnosed between 2001 and 2002 were analyzed to evaluate their occurrence and their clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical findings. The most frequent location of tumor was in the stomach (63%), followed by the small intestine (30%), the colorectum (5%), and the esophagus (2%). c-kit expres-sion was found in 93.6% of the cases, while CD34, SMA and S-100 protein was positive in 80.1%, 28.2%, and 20.2%, respectively. c-kit positivity was high in the stomach (94.2%) and small intestine (94.6%), while it was relatively low in the col-orectum (85.0%), and esophagus (81.2%). The positivity for CD34 was correlated with the higher risk of GISTs (p=0.04). Follow up of the patients showed that 58 primary GISTs patients died and 20 of these patients were recurrent or metastatic at the time of diagnosis. The pathologic diagnosis to predict the risk of aggressive behavior of GISTs was correlated with the numbers of tumor, clinical stage, epithe-lioid histologic type, cellularity, cellular atypia, necrosis, and mucosal invasion (p= 0.00). GISTs with a poor prognosis were closely related to the clinical stage at pre-sentation, the locations of the tumor, and the ages of the patients.Seven hundred forty seven cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in
Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer, 2nd Edition
김백희,김준미,강경훈,장희진,강동욱,김정호,배정모,서안나,박호성,강윤경,이경화,조미연,도인구,이혜승,장희경,박도윤,강효정,손진희,장미수,정은선,진소영,유은실,한혜승,김윤화,The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pa 대한병리학회 2020 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.54 No.1
The first edition of the ‘Standardized Pathology Report for Colorectal Cancer,’ which was developed by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group (GIP) of the Korean Society of Pathologists, was published 13 years ago. Meanwhile, there have been many changes in the pathologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), pathologic findings included in the pathology report, and immunohistochemical and molecular pathology required for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to reflect these changes, we (GIP) decided to make the second edition of the report. The purpose of this standardized pathology report is to provide a practical protocol for Korean pathologists, which could help diagnose and treat CRC patients. This report consists of “standard data elements” and “conditional data elements.” Basic pathologic findings and parts necessary for prognostication of CRC patients are classified as “standard data elements,” while other prognostic factors and factors related to adjuvant therapy are classified as “conditional data elements” so that each institution could select the contents according to the characteristics of the institution. The Korean version is also provided separately so that Korean pathologists can easily understand and use this report. We hope that this report will be helpful in the daily practice of CRC diagnosis.
Standardization of the pathologic diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms
강동욱,김백희,김준미,김지훈,장희진,장미수,손진희,조미연,진소영,장희경,한혜승,김정연,김희성,박도연,박하영,이소정,이원애,이혜승,강유나,최영희,The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists 대한병리학회 2021 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.55 No.4
Although the understanding of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) and their relationship with disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease have advanced, the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of AMNs are still confusing for pathologists and clinicians. The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (GPSG-KSP) proposed a multicenter study and held a workshop for the “Standardization of the Pathologic Diagnosis of the Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm” to overcome the controversy and potential conflicts. The present article is focused on the diagnostic criteria, terminologies, tumor grading, pathologic staging, biologic behavior, treatment, and prognosis of AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease. In addition, GPSG-KSP proposes a checklist of standard data elements of appendiceal epithelial neoplasms to standardize pathologic diagnosis. We hope the present article will provide pathologists with updated knowledge on how to handle and diagnose AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease.
Molecular Testing for Gastrointestinal Cancer
이혜승,김우호,곽윤진,고지원,배정모,김경미,장미수,한혜승,김준미,김활웅,장희경,최영희,박지영,구미진,이민진,김정연,김희성,조미연,The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathol,The Molecular Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.2
With recent advances in molecular diagnostic methods and targeted cancer therapies, several molecular tests have been recommended for gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Microsatellite instability analysis of gastrointestinal cancers is performed to screen for Lynch syndrome, predict favorable prognosis, and screen patients for immunotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor has been approved in metastatic CRCs with wildtype RAS (KRAS and NRAS exon 2–4). A BRAF mutation is required for predicting poor prognosis. Additionally, amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and MET is also associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitor in metastatic CRC patients. The BRAF V600E mutation is found in sporadic microsatellite unstable CRCs, and thus is helpful for ruling out Lynch syndrome. In addition, the KRAS mutation is a prognostic biomarker and the PIK3CA mutation is a molecular biomarker predicting response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and response to aspirin therapy in CRC patients. Additionally, HER2 testing should be performed in all recurrent or metastatic GCs. If the results of HER2 immunohistochemistry are equivocal, HER2 silver or fluorescence in situ hybridization testing are essential for confirmative determination of HER2 status. Epstein-Barr virus–positive GCs have distinct characteristics, including heavy lymphoid stroma, hypermethylation phenotype, and high expression of immune modulators. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies enable us to examine various genetic alterations using a single test. Pathologists play a crucial role in ensuring reliable molecular testing and they should also take an integral role between molecular laboratories and clinicians.
Pancreatic High-Grade Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the Korean Population: A Multicenter Study
김혜령,안소연,이경분,안상정,박도윤,김조헌,강동욱,김민주,장미수,정은선,김준미,최윤정,진소영,장희경,조미연,강윤경,강명희,안수민,김윤화,홍승모,Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathol 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.1
Purpose The most recent 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has refined the three-tiered 2010 scheme by separating grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (G3 PanNETs) from poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). However, differentiating between G3 Pan- NETs and PanNECs is difficult in clinical practice. Materials and Methods Eighty-two surgically resected PanNENs were collected from 16 institutions and reclassified according to the 2017 WHO classification based on the histological features and proliferation index (mitosis and Ki-67). Immunohistochemical stains for ATRX, DAXX, retinoblastoma, p53, Smad4, p16, and MUC1 were performed for 15 high-grade PanNENs. Results Re-classification resulted in 20 G1 PanNETs (24%), 47 G2 PanNETs (57%), eight G3 welldifferentiated PanNETs (10%), and seven poorly differentiated PanNECs (9%). PanNECs showed more frequent diffuse nuclear atypia, solid growth patterns and apoptosis, less frequent organoid growth and regular vascular patterns, and absence of low-grade PanNET components than PanNETs. The Ki-67 index was significantly higher in PanNEC (58.2%± 15.1%) compared to G3 PanNET (22.6%±6.1%, p < 0.001). Abnormal expression of any two of p53, p16, MUC1, and Smad4 could discriminate PanNECs from G3 PanNETs with 100% specificity and 87.5% sensitivity. Conclusion Histological features supporting the diagnosis of PanNECs over G3 PanNETs were the absence of a low-grade PanNET component in the tumor, the presence of diffuse marked nuclear atypia, solid growth pattern, frequent apoptosis and markedly increased proliferative activity with homogeneous Ki-67 labeling. Immunohistochemical stains for p53, p16, MUC1, and Smad4 may be helpful in distinguishing PanNECs from G3 PanNETs in histologically ambiguous cases, especially in diagnostic practice when only small biopsied tissues are available.