랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

Chemical Properties and Nutrient Loadings of Rainwater during Farming Season

Min-Kyeong Kim,Seong-Chang Hong,Jong-Sik Lee,Goo-Buk Jung,Soon-Ik Kwon,Mi-Jin Chae,Sun-Gang Yun,Kyu-Ho So 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Recently, special attention has been given to acid rain and its problem to environment such as acid precipitation and air pollution in East Asia. In the present study, rainwater samples were collected from Apr to Nov in 2012. The samples were chemically characterized for the assessment of emission sources. Suwon and Yeoju regions, typical agricultural areas in South Korea, were chosen for study sites. Ion composition and cation-affected neutralization were determined to evaluate the contribution of cations to the acidity of rainwater. Ion and electrical conductivity between the measured and the estimated showed high correlation. The cations observed in Suwon and Yeoju were Na<SUP>+</SUP> > NH4<SUP>+</SUP> > K<SUP>+</SUP> > Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> > Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> > H<SUP>+</SUP> and Na<SUP>+</SUP> > K<SUP>+</SUP> > NH4<SUP>+</SUP> > Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> > Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> = H<SUP>+</SUP>, respectively. The anions of all sites were SO4<SUP>2-</SUP> > NO3- > Cl<SUP>-</SUP>. While the amounts of sulfate, one of the major dissolved components of rainwater, were 77.6 and 75.6 ueq L<SUP>-1</SUP> in Suwon and Yeoju, the ones of NSS-SO4<SUP>2-</SUP> (Non-Sea Salt sulfate) were 83 and 82% in Suwon and Yeoju, respectively. The comparison of observed pH values (pHobs) with the theoretical pH values (pHthe) showed that the neutralization of rain water considerably went along during the study periods. The highest amounts of rainfall throughout the year in Suwon and Yeoju were 572.3 and 484.6 mm in July, and its corresponding nitrogen loadings in Suwon and Yeoju were 5.28 and 3.50 kg ha-1, respectively. The major ion contents for crop growth with SO4<SUP>2-</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP> and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> were 51.7, 5.2, 11.8 and 1.8 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> in Suwon and 34.2, 4.0, 4.2 and 1.1 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> in Yeoju.

성인간호학회지 논문(1989-2000)의 내용과 경향 분석

서문자,김소선,송미순,이명선,오의금,신경림,김옥수,이숙자,이영자,오효숙,정재심,김철규 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4

"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" has been published since 1989 and more than 330 articles have been published up 2000. We reviewed all the articles published in this journal to analyze the contents and trend of published articles and to find out the way of improvement both in quantity and quality of studies in this area. The results are as follows : 1) Ninety percent of articles were quantitative studies. Experimental design was used in 16.1% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 73.6% of articles. Qualitative research were 10.3% of total articles reviewed. 2) Only 5.1% of articles described theoretical framework and 73.6% of experimentally designed articles included research hypotheses. 3) Among experimental studies, only one was true experimental studie design. Eighty nine point three persent had descriptive survey method among non-experimental studies. Amog the thirty four qualitative studies, phenomenologic(73.5%), grounded theory(14.7%), and ethnographic (11.8%) design were used. 4) Most of research subject were patients and few healthy people, healthcare worker, and patient family. 5) Psychosocial data collection method which used questionnaire were 53.7% and interview. physical measurement, observation were used in 22.8%. 8.2% 5.4% of articles respectively. 6) Total number of keywords were 692, and average number of key words per article was 2.2. Health-related keyword was the most frequently used according to four metaparadigm of nursing (human, health, nursing, and environment). Environment related keyword was rarely appeared. The number and quality of nursing research in "Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" have been improved continuously. It is difficult to find out special trend or characteristics which is unique in this journal because of relatively short history of adult nursing studies. This review study was performed to analyze adult nursing studies only in the view of quantitative aspect, but it is needed to analyse qualitatively to find philosophical or theoretical trend in nursing.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

암환자에게 제공된 다빈도 간호중재 분석 : 5개 종합병원을 중심으로

문경희,안미정,김필자,박정연,김명애,박인숙,배수현,이소정,권인각,김소선 병원간호사회 2009 임상간호연구 Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions frequently used with cancer patients. Nursing records from 5 general hospitals for patients with stomach, liver, lung or colon cancer were analyzed. Method: A descriptive study methodology was used and nursing records for 15 patients in each disease category at each hospital, who were admitted and discharged during June 2007 were analyzed. Results: Five domains of NIC were found and the physiological(basic) domain was most frequent (31.52%). Twenty two classes of NIC were identified with risk management for safety being most frequent (22.49%). For the 119 nursing interventions identified, the most frequent was pain management with 7,827 (12.31%), followed by prevention of falls (11.76%), surveillance (6.79%) and wound care (5.12%). Nursing activities of pain management and prevention of falls were comparable to activities listed in literature on guidelines for evidence based and best practices in nursing care. Eight of the 17 nursing activities for pain management, and 9 of 14 for fall prevention were consistent with these guidelines. Conclusion: In this study, nursing interventions were found to be focused on physical care, monitoring patients' condition and education. We have to develop diverse nursing interventions and a convenient recording process.

사업장(事業場) 근로자(勤勞者)의 사상체질(四象體質)에 따른 생활습관(生活習慣), 자각증상(自覺症狀), 건강인식(健康認識)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

서명효,강홍구,장두섭,왕명자,차남현,김삼태,권소희,정해경,송용선,이기남,Seo Muoung-Hoy,Kang Hong-Goo,Jahng Doo-Sub,Wang Myoung-Ja,Cha Nam-Hyun,Kim Sam-Tae,Kwon So-Hee,Jung Hae-Kyoung,Song Yung-Sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2003 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The study was conducted to evaluate the difference of life style, subjective symptoms and health cognition depending on the Sasang Constitution in the industrial workers. The results were as follows ; Constitutional distribution among exposed group were Tae-eum In(38.4%), So-eum In(35.2%), and So-yang In(26.4%) and it was turned out that Tae-eum In took a higher portion of Sasang constitution than other constitutions in technician workers. 'Exercise' and 'Obesity' were found most in Tae-eum In, In So-eum In there were many 'Normal' weight and 'Having digestive disorders' were found most in So-eum In. There were no significant difference in the health cognition among the constitutions. The closer to 'normal' weight, the higher prevalence in 'having' concern about health condition and the more 'normal' condition in sleeping, the higher prevalence of 'having' self-confident in present health.

요로결석 환자의 체외충격파쇄석술 치료경과와 결석 특성과의 관련성

김성길,김기순,류소연,한미아,이선옥,노준 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2009 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.S

요로 결석에 대한 비 침습적 치료 방법인 체외충격파쇄석술에 의한 치료경과와 결석 특성과의 관련성을 파악키 위해 2002년 12월부터 2008년 3월까지 G시 H병원에서 요로 결석으로 진단되어 체외충격파쇄석술을 받은 33l례를 대상으로 의무기록 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자 331례중 남자는 68.6%, 여자는 31.4%이었으며 평균연령(표준편차)은 44.2 (13.9)세 이었고 84%가 G시내 거주자였다. 2. 조사 대상자에게 시행된 체외충격파쇄석술의 평균 시술횟수(표준편차)는 1.9(1.5)회 이었으며 평균 통증제거기간(표준편차)은 3.2(2.1)일 이었고 요로결석 진단 시로부터 치료가 완료되었다고 의사가 판정했을 때까지의 치료기간의 평균(표준편차)은 10.3(8.4)일 이었다. 3. 시술횟수에 통계적으로 유의하게(P<0.01) 관련된 요인은 결석크기, 결석의 방사선 투과성, 요관 폐색여부 이었으며 모형의 설명력은 13.5%이었다. 4. 통증제거기간에 통계적으로 유의하게(P<0.01) 관련된 요인은 결석의 방사선 투과성 이었으며 모형의 설명력은 7.4%이었다. 5. 치료기간에 통계적으로 유의하게(P<0.01) 관련된 요인은 결석크기와 결석의 방사선 투과성 이었으며 모형의 설명력은 13.5%이었다. 따라서 결석의 크기가 크거나 결석이 방사선에 비 투과성일 때, 요관이 폐색되어 있을 때 치료경과가 늦게 됨으로 이러한 사실을 참고 하여 추후 진료지침을 작성 시 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 치료법을 적용할 필요가 있다고 판단되며 보다 체계적인 평가와 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objectives & Methods: To find the treatment process by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and its related stone characteristics in urinary tract stone patients, an analysis was done from medical records of 331 cases who were treated by ESWL from December 2002 to March 2008 at H hospital in G city. Results: Among 331 study subjects 68.6% were male and 31.4% were female. Their mean age (standard deviation, SD) was 44.2 (13.9) years old and 84.0% lived in G city. Average frequency of ESWL done toward study cases were 1.9±1.5 times. Mean duration of disappearance from pain was 3.2±2.1 days and total treatment period for a stone was 10.3±8.4 days. Statistically significant (p<0.01) stone and urinary tract characteristics related with frequency of ESWL were stone size, radio-opacity of the stone, and obstruction of urinary tract. The model composed of these 3 independent variables explained 13.5% of frequency of ESWL. Statistically significant (p<0.01) variable related with disappearance from pain was radio-opacity of the stone, and this model explained 7.4%. Statistically significant (p<0.01) variables related with treatment duration due to stone were stone size and radio-opacity of the stone. These two variables explained 13.5%. Conclusion: The bigger the size of stone are, the slower the treatment process will be. And when the stone is radio-opaque and urinary tract is obstructed, the treatment process will be slower than stone is radio-luscent and urinary tract is not obstructed. So to make effective and efficient treatment manual for ESWL, above fact must be considered and continuous systematic evaluation and research toward ESWL are necessary.

電子商去來와 各國法의 抵觸

金選二,蘇在選 법무부 2003 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.18

최근 인터넷의 폭발적인 보급과 함께 그것을 이용한 상거래가 급증되고 있으며 네트워크가 국경을 넘어가 세계적인 규모로 결부되고 있다. 이러한 네트워크를 이용한 거래에는 국제거래가 상당히 많은 비율을 포함하고 있다. 이러한 국제적 측면을 동반한 전자상거래를 둘러싸고 분쟁이 발생하는 경우에 국제재판관할이나 준거법의 선택 등 필연적으로 저촉법상의 다양한 문제가 발생하게 된다. 본고에서는 전자상거래에 관한 저촉법상의 여러 문제에 대하여 우리법과 일본법을 비교, 고찰하였다. 국제재판관할과 준거법에 관하여 계약과 불법행위로 나누어 양국의 제도를 살펴보았다. 우리 경우는 현행국제사법 제2조에서 국제재판관할에 대하여 - 법원은 당사자 또는 분쟁이 된 사안이 대한민국과 실질적 관련이 있는 경우에 국제재판관할을 가진다는 규정을 두고 있으나 해당 일본 법례에는 규정하고 있지 아니하다. 일본은 의무이행지의 국제재판관할에 관하여 인터넷상의 국제거래의 관계에 있어서도 당사자간에 명시 또는 묵시의 합의가 있으면 그에 따르고 합의가 없을 때에는 당사자간의 계약준거법에 의해 의무이행지의 관할이 결정된다고 하고 있다. 한국의 경우도 현실공간의 계약에 관하여 의무이행지관할을 긍정한다면 인터넷상의 계약에 관하여도 원칙적으로 의무이행지의 관할을 긍정할 수 있다고 한다. 한국의 경우 인터넷상의 전자상거래에서 불법행위가 있는 경우 불법행위지와 불법행위 결과 발생지 모두를 불법행위지로 보아 불법행위지법이 준거법이 된다. 일본의 경우도 예컨대 타인의 명예를 훼손하는 내용을 인터넷에 올리는 경우 그 손해가 생기는 것은 현실의 세계이기 때문에 그 정보가 제공된 모든 장소가 손해발생지이고 그 장소의 법이 불법행위의 준거법이 된다. 그 밖에 학설, 판례 등에 대하여서도 고찰하였다. Mit der jüngsten explosivartigen Verbreitung des Internets nehmen dieses gebrauchende Händel ebenfalls rapide zu und die Landesgrenzen überschreitende Netzwerk breitet sich in einem weltweiten Auschuß aus. Einen derartigen Netzwerk gebrauchender Handel besteht zum grossten Teil aus dem internationalem Handel. Falls ein Elektrohandel durch solch eine internationale Sicht umgeben wird und es zu einem Konflikt führt, entwickeln sich, aus der Wahl der internationalen Jurisdiktion oder des massgebenden Recht usw. unvermeidlich nach dem Widerspruchsgesetz verschiedene Probleme. Dieser vorliegende Text zieht verschiedene Probleme des Widerspruchsgesetz, den Elektrohandel betreffend und das koreanische und japanische Gesetz vergleichend, in Betracht. Nach der internationalen Jurisdiktion und dem massgebenden Recht wird es in Vertrag und unerlaubte Handlung geteilt und die Systeme beider Länder werden verglichen. Nach dem jetzigen internationalen Privatrecht mit Artikel 2 in Korea ist der Internationale Gerichtsstand bestimmt. Danach, die Faelle, in den die streitenden Parteien in einem realen Zusammenhang mit Korea steht. ist das koreanische Gericht fuer die Jurisdiktion zustaendig. Aber gibt es keine Bestimmung darueber in dem japanischen internationalen Privatrecht. In Japan, wenn eine Partei mit anderer Partei ueber den internatoinalen Gerichtsstand fuer Erfuellungsort einer Verpflichtung beim Elektrohandel vereinbart, richten die Parteien danach. Im Fall keiner betreffenden Vereinbarung wird der Gerichtsstand fuer den Erfuellungsort einer Verpflichtung nach dem massgebenden Recht zum Vertrag festgesetzt. In Korea ist es dasselbe. Wenn der Gerichtsstand fuer den Erfuellungsort einer Verpflichtung beim gegenwaertigen Vertrag anerkannt wird, wird es beim Elektrohandel anerkannt. Im Fall dass, in Korea, unerlaubte Handlung beim Elektrohandel sich ereignet, werden beide (der eine ist der Ursachenort zur unerlaubten Handlung, der andere ist der Wirkungsorts zur unerlaubten Handlung) als den Ort zur unerlaubten Handlung angesehen. Das im unerlaubten Handlung ereigneten Ort in Kraft gesetzten Gesetz ist das massgebende Gesetz. Auf dem Fall eines Elektrohandels ist dasselbe anwendbar. In Japan ist es auch gleich. z.B. wenn jemand die Ehr der anderer beim Netzwerk verletzt, bringt das Schaden bei der Ehrverletzung der anderer in der gegenwaertigen Welt. Deswegen ist es der alle Schadensort, die Ehrverletzung erlitten zu weren. Das Gesetz dieses Orts ist das massgebende Recht. Daneben werden die betreffenden Rehtssprechungen und Lehre betrachtet.

일부 자동차 공장 근로자들의 職業的 特性과 社會 心理的 Stress의 相關性 硏究

김성삼,홍지우,한현정,최희석,권소희,정해경,김삼태,송용선,이기남 한국전통의학연구소 2004 한국전통의학지 Vol.14 No.1

〈Objective〉 This study were carried out to study to assess the relationship between job characteristics, general characteristics, health behaviors, and psychosocial distress and suggested the preventive oriental medicine approaches in occupational health area. 〈Methods〉 We measured job characteristics(job demand, job control, jop insecurity) by The Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, health behaviors(smoking, drinking, exercise, coffee), general characteristics at work by a self-administered questionnaire. Psycho social distress was measured by PWI(Psychosocial Well-being Index), a 18-item self- administered instrument. 370 data for research were collected through the process of oriental health examination with questionnaire in workplace. Statistical analysis was done by t test, oneway ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with SPSSWIN (version 10.0) 〈Results〉 Among the 152 respondents, the prevalence of high job strain was 27%(41 persons). The Odds ratio of high job strain was 3.11(95 2.12~4.11), and those of passive group and active group were 2.01(95 0.83~2.76) and 1.80(95 0.83~2.76), respectively. Our results supported the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. 〈Conclusion〉 The odds ratio of high strain isolated group(high strain group+low social support) was 3.59(95 2.05 5.13), but the odds ratio of high strain collective group was 1.32(95 0.23 2.41). Social support at work was modifing factor of the association between psycho social distress and job strain. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that economic depression was associated with psycho social distress in this study, and that the strength of the social support was important in maintain health.

뇌실외 배액술 관리에 대한 이해 및 업무수행 실태

김정숙,윤미선,송소이,이지은,문경선,고지운,임분남,김경희,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the managing realities of EVD and provide a descriptive survey with the attempt to obtain basic data needed for the standardization of EVD management. For that purpose, 220 questionnaire copies were distributed to those nurses who were working with intensive care units at university hospitals, general hospitals, semi-general hospitals in Seoul, Kyongki-de and local areas. Of 158 returned questionnaire copies, 139 were used for analysis. Data were collected during the term of academic seminars of Neurosurgery Nursing Committee and KICA (Korea Intensive Care Association), ranging from Oct. 26 through 27. 2000. The tools utilized a structured questionnaire form consisting of 21 questions on general characteristics, the level of understanding, the level of work performance, standard management guidelines, etc. The data collected were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean vague, chi -square test using the SPSS 10.0 program Findings were revealed, as follows: For managing the prevention of EVD infection, aseptic technique was found to be of the most importance (48.9%),'the technique should be carried out at an operation room'(92.8%), but it was actually performed at intensive care units (over 51.5%). 'The term of antibiotics use should be less than 7 days' (81.8%), while it was actually executed for less than 7 days (49.5%). 'The proper time of quittance from it should be within less than 7 days'(74.1%) but actual quittance was executed only by 51.1%. 'Set exchange is needed' by 54.0% but actual exchange was implemented merely by 28.1%. 'The subject of management should be nurses' was reflected by 40% but actually 52.0% were carried out. As a result of hating analysed the understanding of the management of EVD by general characteristics, a significant difference was found in the necessity for set exchange by hospitals, in the time of quittance of a catheter, and in ablution items by work experience. The result of hating analysed the work performance levels of EVD management by general characteristics revealed that a significant difference in administration facilities of medicine by the classification of hospitals, especially the use of antibiotics and the quitting time of a catheter by the classification of intensive care units, and in the use of antibiotics and ablution items by the standard management guidelines.