(연구논문) 부산 영도(절영도), 신라왕실목장

서영교 ( Seo Young-kyo ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2017 항도부산 Vol.33 No.-

710년 경 김유신의 손자 允中은 聖德王에게 絶影山馬 1필을 하사받았다. 그 말의 생산지 絶影島였고, 그곳에 신라 왕실목장이 존재했다는 것을 암시하고 있다. 절영도 목장은 신라사신이 왜국으로 향하는 항구에 위치했다. 통일 후 신라가 일본에 증여한 품목 가운데 말과 노새 등이 간간히 보이고 있어, 일본으로 향하던 신라 사절들이 절영도 목장에 들렸던 것을 알 수 있다. 절영도 목장은 지리상 신라왕경과 가장 가까운 섬 목장이었고, 가장 먼저 조성된 섬 목장이었을 가능성이 높다. 그 운영 경험은 신라의 섬 목장 확대에 영향을 주었다. 『신당서』 신라전에는 宰相家들이 일반적으로 섬에 목장을 두고 있었다고 기록하고 있다. 백제와 고구려를 멸망시킨 신라 문무왕은 669년에 174개 목장을 왕실·관청·진골귀족들에게 재분배했다. 846년 9월 중국에서 신라를 거쳐 일본으로 귀국하던 승려 圓仁의 일기에 신라 왕실·宰相의 섬 목장이 보인다. 후삼국시대에도 절영도는 명마 산지로서 명맥을 유지하고 있었다. 926년 甄萱이 王建에게 절영도의 ?馬 1필을 선물했다. 총마의 이미지는 8세기 당나라 詩人杜甫의 ?馬行에 나온다. 총마는 중앙아시아 大宛의 품종 汗血馬라고 한다. 신라에 키가 큰 말이 존재했다는 기록이 있다. 『속일본기』 716년 6월 조를 보면 일본의 관리 馬史伊麻呂 등이 新羅國紫驃馬 2마리를 천황에게 헌상했는데 어깨높이가 5척 5촌(165cm)에 이른다고 한다. 중앙아시아산 종이 아니면 그 정도의 크기가 되기 어렵다. 『史記』 大宛列傳에 大宛의 馬는 ??을 좋아하여 그 말을 들여온 漢武帝는 그것을 중국에 심었다고 한다. 『삼국사기』직관지 內省 조를 보면 신라왕실의 ?? 목초지 4곳이 보인다. 신라왕들은 진골귀족들의 말보다 키 크고 다리가 긴 絶影島의 ?馬를 탔던 것으로 보인다. The Han Chinese were also strongly attracted by the tall and powerful horses ("heavenly horses") in the possession of the Dayuan(大宛) According to the Shiji(『史記』), grapes and alfalfa(??) were introduced to China from Dayuan following Zhang Qian`s embassy: "The Dayuan people love their wine and the horses love their alfalfa. The Han envoys brought back grape and alfalfa seeds to China and the emperor for the first time tried growing these plants in areas of rich soil. Later, when the Han acquired large numbers of the "heavenly horses" and the envoys from foreign states began to arrive with their retinues, the lands on all sides of the emperor`s summer palaces and pleasure towers were planted with grapes and alfalfa for as far as the eye could see." Even in the Tang era "heavenly horses" is popular in China. Poets are constantly praised "heavenly horses" at the end. The horse was introduced into Silla, and alfalfa seeds to here. Alfalfa was grown from four ranches in the Silla capital. Pusan Young-do Island where the Silla Royal Family Ranch feed heavenly horses. The horses are carried on the capital. The King Seongdeok gift the horses to the Grand son of Kim Yu-shin. A lot of jealousy over the Case of the royal family who had a many pony horse. The horse was tall horse that they are not owned. The Silla Royal Family ranch is in the 10th century maintains a reputation. The Second Beakje King Jin-won gift the heavenly horses that produced there to Korea King Wang-keon. The king Jin-won has had a change mind it back. About here is constantly by songs in future generations.

특수가공용 공작기계의 쇼트피닝기 모델설계에 관한 연구

신용승,이승호,서유원,정성교 서울産業大學校 1999 논문집 Vol.49 No.2

As developing the technology in industry, the materials with superior grade of stiffiness and lightness are required, and hence the higher fatigue strength characteristics are necessary. Thus, the non-traditional machining to increase fatigue strength is becoming influential as very important technology. Considering environmental problem, the shot peening process is selected as a good process to increase fatigue strength. But the data related to shot peening process are not enough in this country. Shot peening process is essential to ensure repeatability and uniformity on a part to part and lot to lot basis, while conforming to the applicable specifications. The shot material, size, shape and hardness as well as velocity and impact angle must be controlled to provide consistency in peening results. In order to effectively control the shot peening process, parameters must be addressed in the following order, such as media control, coverage control, intensity control, equipment control and so on.

그레이브스 병 치료 후 재발 위험 인자에 관한 연구

이영창,유명희,윤석기,변동원,서교일,김극배 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

연구 배경 : 그레이브스 병에 대한 항갑상선제 치료후 적절한 치료 여부 평가 및 재발 위험성을 예측하기 위하여 여러 가지 예후 판정 인자들이 연구되어 왔으며, 이러한 인자들 중 TRH(thyrotropin-releasing hormone) 자극 시험이 가장 믿을 만한 검사중에 하나로 알려져 있다. 그러나 TRH 자극 검사가 정상으로 나와도 재발하는 경우가 많으며, 현재로는 이러한 경우에 재발을 예측하는 예후 인자에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 금번 연구에서는 TRH 자극 시험 후 TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone)가 정상적인 반응을 보인 환자를 대상으로 재발 및 관해여부를 예측할 수 있는 인자들을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 항갑상선제제 치료 종료후 TRH 자극 시험을 시행하였던 그레이브스 병 환자 총 84명 중, 정상적인 TSH 반응을 보이면서 1년 이상 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 32명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 처음 진단 시와 치료 종료 시에 T3(triiodothyronine), T4(thyroxine), T3/T4 비, TSH, TRAb, Anti-TPO Ab(anti-thyroperoxidase antibody)를 측정하였으며, 치료 종료 2개월후에는 TRH 자극 검사를 하여 TSH 증가폭(△TSH) 및 유리 T_(3) 증가폭(△FT_(3))을 구하였다. 모든 측정치는 평균±표준편차로 표시하였으며, SPSS software를 이용하여 Student's paired t-test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test를 시행하였고, 유의 수준 0.05 이하를 통계적으로 유의하다고 판단하였다. 결과 1) 총 32명의 환자 중 재발한 환자(Group Ⅰ)는 22명(69%) 이었으며, 재발한 환자(Group Ⅱ)는 10명(31%) 이었다. 2) 진단 초기 총T3 치는 Ⅰ 군에서 342.0±126.2ng/dl, Ⅱ 군에서 493.0 ±142.2 ng/dl로 Ⅱ군에 비해 유의하게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 3) Anti-TPO Ab는 Ⅰ군에서 2.9±4.4, Ⅱ군에서 22.3±22.3 U/mL로 나타나 Ⅱ군에서 유의하게 증가되었다.(p<0.05) 4) 양군에서 치료 종료후 재발시 대부분의 환자가 1년 이내에 재발하였다. 5) TRH 자극· 검사후 유리 T3 증가폭 및 TSH 증가폭은 양군간에 차이가 업ㅅ었다(1.5±0.9 vs 1.2±1.0 pmol/L, 12.54±7.56 vs 11.23±4.21 mU/L, p>0.05) 결론 : TRH 자극 검사후 정상적인 TSH 반응을 보인 환자에서 재발 및 관해여부를 치료 초기 T3 및 치료 종료시 Anti-TPO Ab로 예측할 수 있었으며, 이들 측정치가 증가해 있을수록 재발의 가능성이 많음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 투약 중단후 초기 12개원의 추적기간 동안 관해가 유지되면 그 이후엔 재발의 가능성이 현저히 줄어 들었으며, 이 후 좀더 많은 환자들을 대상으로 하는 장기적인 추적연구가 진행 되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background : Many studies were undertaken to find parameters that could predict the clinical course of patients with Graves' disease after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. In many parameters, TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) stimulation test and T3 suppression test were considered to be one of the most reliable for predicting remission. But recently, some studies showed that the measurement of free T3 and FT3 are to be a more accurate than other thyroid function test. In this study, we measured T_(3), T_(4), T_(3)/T_(4), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), TRAb (TSH receptor antibody), FT3 and other known useful parameters to compare the factors influencing the relapse of Graves disease after antithyroid medication. Patients and methods : Among the 84 Graves' disease patients who had done the TRH stimulation test after withdrawal of antithyroid medication, we examined 32 patients who showed normal TSH response and followed up more than one year. T_(3), T_(4), T_(3)/T_(4), TSH and TRAb levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and at the end of therapy. Serum TSH and FT_(3) levels were measured after TRH stimulation, after two months of withdrawal of medication. Statistical evaluation was Performed by SPSS software in combination with Student's Paired t-test, chi-square test, Wlicoxon signed-ranks test. p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results 1. In the 32 patients with Graves disease, 10 patients(31%) relapsed(Group Ⅰ) and 22 Patients(69%) remained in remission(Group Ⅱ). 2. Initial serum T3 level was significantly higher in group Ⅰ than group Ⅱ(342.0 ±126.2 vs. 493.0±142.2 ng/dl, p<0.05). 3. Anti-TPO Ab level was significantly higher in group Ⅰ than group Ⅱ(22.3±22.3 vs 2.9±4.4 U/mL, p<0.05). 4. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ most patients showed relapse within 1 year after antithyroid medication. 5. After TRH stimulation test, serum FT_(3), and TSH level were not significantly different between group I and Ⅱ(p>0.05). 6. Serum T_(4), T_(3)/T_(4), TSH, TRAb levels were not significantly different from group Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Conclusion : In this study, we found increased relapse rate in the patients with Graves' disease whose initial serum T3 and anti-TPO Ab levels were high, so these parameters could be used to predict the relapse of Graves' disease. In the case of more than 12 months remission period after withdrawal of antithyroid medication, no relapse wsa observed in this study, but study should be done in the large population of patients with Graves' disease.

Bezier Spline을 이용한 용접 로봇의 새로운 Weaving Motion 궤적 생성 알고리즘

정원지,김대영,서영교,홍형표,홍대선 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.3

In this paper, we propose a new weaving trajectory algorithm for the are welding of a articulated manipulator. The algorithm uses the theory of Bezier spline. We make a comparison between the conventional algorithms using Catmull-Rom curve and the new algorithms using Bezier spline. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated based on the MATLAB environment in order to illustrate its good performance. Through simulations, the proposed algorithm can result in high-speed and flexible weaving trajectory planning so that it s trajectory cannot penetrate into a base metal compared to the conventional algorithm using Catmull-Rom curve.

유화 Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber (CSM)의 제조 및 특성 연구

이은경,최교창,최세영 한국고무학회 2005 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.40 No.1

본 연구에서는 CSM 에멀젼의 물성을 향상시키고자 금속성 가교제인 magnesium carbonate 및 calcium hydroxide를 첨가하여 가교밀도, 열적특성, 표면자유에너지 그리고 인장강도, 파단신율 및 인열강도 특성을 고찰하였다, 금속성 가교제인 magnesium carbonate 및 calcium hydroxide 양이 증가함에 따라 CSM 에멀젼 필름은 가교밀도는 증가하였고, 이에 내수성과 T_(g) 값도 증가하였다. 금속성 가교제로 magnesium carbonate를 첨가하였을 때 calcium hydroxide에 비해서 다소 높은 가교밀도와 T_(g) 값을 보였다. 하지만 CSM 에멀젼 필름의 표면에너지 및 기계적 특성들은 다소 다른거동을 보였다 Magnesium carbonate 0.75% 그리고 calcium hydroxide 1.0% 첨가한 경우가 가장 높은 표면 자유에너지 값과 인장강도 및 인열강도를 보였으나, 그 이상의 양을 첨가하였을 경우에는 오히려 감소함을 확인하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 CSM 에멀젼의 물성을 향상시키는데 적용되는 금속성 가교제로서 calcium hydroxide 보다 magnesium carbonate가 더 적당하며, 0.75% 첨가하였을 때 보다 향상된 물성을 얻을 수 있었다. In this work. magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide as metallic crosslinking agent were added to chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM) emulsion to enhance the mechanical properties of emulsion film such as tensile strength. elongation at break, and tear strength and crosslinking density. thermal features, and surface energy were also investigated. Crosslinking density of the CSM emulsion film with increasing the amount of magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide increased. leading to the enhancement of water resistance. It was shown that compared with calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate had a little higher crosslinking density and To value. The surface energy and mechanical characteristics of the CSM emulsion film, however, showed somewhat different behaviors. The highest surface energy. tensile strength. and tear strength were observed when 0.75° o for magnesium carbonate and 1.0° o for calcium hydroxide were added respectively. Therefore. it can be concluded that as metallic crosslinking agent to improve water resistance and mechanical properties of the CSM emulsion, magnesium carbonate is more preferable to calcium hydroxide

발생원 유형에 따른 공기 중 휘발성 유기화합물의 비산배출 특성 평가

백성옥,김미현,서영교 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.4

In this study, the fugitive emission characteristic^ of airborne volatile organic compounds from different source categories were evaluated with respect to the concentrations measured in the vicinity of the sources. A total of 22 different sources were investigated, including gasoline storage and filling stations, painting spray booth, laundry, printing offices, textile industries, and a number of environment sanitary facilities such as landfill, wastewater treatment and incineration plants The target VOCs included 83 individual compounds, which were determined by adsorption sampling and thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS analysis. Overall, the aliphatic compounds appeared to be the most abundant class of compounds in terms of their concentrations, followed by aromatic, and halogenated hydrocarbons. As a single compound, however, toluene was the most abundant one, explaining 11% of the total VOC concentrations as an average of all the dataset. Among source categories. petroleum associated sources such as gasoline storage/filling stations, and laundry factory were identified as the most significant sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons, while aromatic VOCs were dominantly emitted from the sources handling organic solvents, such as painting booth, printing offices, and textile dyeing processes. However, there was no apparent pattern in terms of the contributions of each group to the total VOCs concentrations in environmental sanitary facilities. It was also found that the activated carbon adsorption tower installed for the VOC emission control in some facilities do not show any effective performances, which may result in the increased VOC levels in the ambient atmosphere.

당(唐) 태종대(太宗代) 반위(反胃) 치료법의 개발과 백제(百濟) 의자왕(義慈王)의 질병

박준형 ( Park Jun-hyoung ),서영교 ( Seo Young-kyo ) 대구사학회 2021 대구사학 Vol.142 No.-

唐은 기본적으로 隋의 의료체계를 수용하면서도 醫術世家의 秘傳에 의해 분산ㆍ난립된 醫術의 독점을 국가의 의료체계라는 公的 영역으로 흡수하고자 하였다. 나아가 당은 그 의술을 민간에 유포함으로써 점차 의술세가의 독점적 입지를 좁혀 나갔다. 공익을 위한 의술 공개는 당 왕조의 존재 이유를 백성들에게 가장 효율적으로 각인시키는 방법의 하나였고, 이는 초기 왕조의 안정화에 기여하였다. 당 태종대 당나귀오줌을 이용한 반위 치료법 개발은 이러한 의료정책의 결실이었다. 蔣ㆍ許ㆍ巢氏 醫官들의 연구를 통해 이루어낸 새로운 치료 법은 즉위 초반부터 숙환이 있던 의자왕에게도 주목받았다. 644년 초 의자왕은 당에 파견된 사신을 통해 의사를 알아보았고, 그해 말 입당한 태자 夫餘康信이 당 태종에게 蔣元昌의 왕진을 요청했다. 당시 장원창은 益州道로 파견나가 있었기 때문에 당 태종은 그를 백제에 보낼 수 없었다. 결과적으로 태자를 보내 백제의 신라공격에 대한 입장을 해명하고 신라를 침공하지 않겠다고 약속했던 의자왕이 645년에 신라를 공격했다. 그해 고구려와 전쟁을 시작한 당 태종은 신라를 이용하여 고구려의 병력을 남쪽으로 분산시키고자 했던 의도가 무산되었다. 현재 학계에서는 백제의 신라 공격 이유를 명확하게 설명하지 못하고 있다. 645년 백제의 신라 공격으로 백제와 당의 관계가 악화되었다. 이는 신라가 대당외교에서 성공할 수 있는 여건을 만들어 주었다. 이런 점에서 645년 백제의 신라 공격은 의자왕의 질병과 의사 장원창의 왕진 요청 거부가 중요하게 작용했던 결과라고 할 수 있다. Tang China(618-907), which inherited the medical system of the preceding Sui China(589-618), attempted to reorganize it by absorbing various medical traditions which were then monopolized by hereditary medical families. The hereditary remedies and knowledge of medical specialists who were employed as government physicians were integrated into the state medical system, and the newly developed remedies were open to public. The development of Banwi (反胃, gastric disorder) remedy using donkey urine was one of the cases demonstrating the success of the early Tang medical system. The remedy, developed through a joint research by the physicians from three prestigious medical families in early Tang, was soon to be known to Baekje. King Uija (r. 641-660) of Bakje, who had been suffered from Banwi, dispatched envoys to Tang to ask to send Jiang Yuan-chang to Baekje in 644. The Baekje court seems to have regarded Jiang, a physician who participated in the development of new Banwi remedy, as the most qualified person to cure King Uija. Tang government, however, could not dispatch Jiang to Baekje as he was then working near Sichuan province, hundreds miles from Chang'an, the capital of Tang. As a result, King Uija missed a chance of being treated with the new remedy. Then Baekje, which had once promised not to attack Shilla by sending a prince to Tang, resumed invasion of Shilla in 645, spoiling Emperor Taizong's (r. 626-649) plan to mobilize Baekje's army in his campaign against Goguryeo. As the aftermath of this incident, the relation between Baekje and Tang was irreversibly deteriorated, while Shilla succeeded to consolidate the Shilla-Tang alliance which led to the fall of Baekje in 660. From the perspective of medical diplomacy between Baekje and Tang during the mid 7th centuries, Tang’s failure to meet Baekje’s request for the medical support might have had a grave effect on the Baekje’s decision to move against the Tang’s interests. Park, Jun-hyoung (Naval Academy / shimani5075@hanmail.net) Seo, Young-kyo (Jungwon University / syk367@naver.com)

전침 자극에 의한 오디 괄약근 운동성 변화에 관한 연구

이성구,김명완,김홍자,서동환,이상수,김동일,유교상,주연호,민병일,김지훈 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

Background/Aims: This study was designed to evaluated the effects of electroacupuncture on the sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility in humans and to correlate the manometric findings with plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels. Methods: Eleven patients (M: F= 5: 6) who had various kinds of biliary disorders were enrolled. SO motility was monitored with a conventional low-compliant continuously perfused technique using ERCP (n=9) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscope (n=2). After baseline monitoring for phasic wave contractions of SO, electroacupuncture was applied at a specific acupoint, GB 34, in these 11 patients. A nonspecific acupoint 5 cm away from GB 34 was selected as a control. Manometric parameters of SO were also checked in 6 subjects during stimulation of the control acupoint. CCK plasma levels were measured during the time course of electroacupuncture stimulation. Result: All the manometric parameters including the basal pressure of SO, amplitude, frequency and duration of phasic wave contraction of SO were significantly decreased (p< 0.05) during electroacupuncture stimulation. The inhibition of SO contractility was accompanied by increased CCK plasma levels. After removal of electroacupuncture stimulation, restoration of amplitude and duration to basal condition were noted. A tendency towards the return of SO contractility was also observed in basal pressure and frequency. Stimulation of the control acupoint, however, did not affect the SO contractility and plasma CCK levels. Conclusions: Electroacupuncture stimulation of acupoint GB 34 showed reversible inhibition of SO contraction in humans. We speculate that the response of SO to electroacupuncture stimulation may be mediated by some neurohormonal mechanisms including CCK release. (Korean Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 2000;6:44-41)

Program Management in Korea

Seo, Young-Kyo,Kwon, O-Kyung Korean Institute of Construction Engineering and M 2005 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.6 No.5

Prevention of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Skin Island Flap: Comparison of Histamine Receptor Blocking Agents With L-Arginine

( Young Kyo Seo ),( Uk Kyu Kim ) 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2006 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.28 No.S1