http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
한국어 교실 교사-학습자 간 대화에 나타난 교사 중심적 의사소통 양상
진제희(Jin Jae-Hee) 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.2
Jin, Jae-Hee. 2004. Aspects of Teacher-centered Communication in Conversations between Teachers and Learners in the Korean Language Classroom. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This paper examines how and why asymmetrical relationships are constituted through verbal interactions between teachers and students in the Korean language classroom. According to van Dijk (1989), 'power' in institutions such as hospitals or classrooms is best conceptualized as ‘group power asymmetrical relations’ between groups. As is the case for institutional members, members of dominant groups may derive their individually exercised power from the overall power of the group to which they belong. Speakers often possess an institutional role and their conversations are backed by the power or authority of the institution. From this perspective, this paper examines how power is being exerted and assigned in conversations between teachers and students in the Korean classroom. First, this research examined if the turns at talk for the participants (teacher and students) were equally distributed. The results showed that the teacher took about 50% of the total turns at talk, which is about eight times as many turns taken by each student. This indicates that the flow of classroom conversation starts from the teacher, or in other words, is teacher-centered communication. Second, this research considered inequality that occurs during problem solving meaning negotiation. Research results also showed that in 165 negotiated exchanges, over 85% were initiated by the teacher, which underscores the extremely asymmetrical instigation of conversation in Korean language classrooms. Student deficiencies in fluency and initiation, teacher questioning methodology and dialogue guidance, the teacher's almost exclusive right to choose the topic, the excessive adaptation of students to the classroom environment as well as the nationality of students were all factors contributing to this phenomenon.
Consideration of Diluents Selection and Input Amounts of the Hunter Process for Tantalum Production
Jae‑Jin Sim,Sang‑Hoon Choi,Yong‑Kwan Lee,Sung Gue Heo,Taek‑Soo Kim,Seok‑Jun Seo,Kyoung‑Tae Park 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7
Tantalum (Ta) is a heavy refractory metal with an atomic weight of 180.95 g/mol, a density of 16.6 g/cm3, and a high meltingpoint of 3017 °C. With its refractory characteristics, it shows excellent chemical and physical stability as well as corrosionand heat resistance at elevated temperatures. The demand for Ta metal and related compounds is increasing with the expansionof the electronics and chemical industries. The Hunter process was proven to be effective in producing Ta powder in1953. Hunter proposed a method in which potassium heptafluorotantalate (K2TaF7) was reduced by sodium (Na). Thus far,this process has been the primary commercial method to produce Ta powder. In this study, quantitative differences wereanalyzed for diluent selection. Additionally, consideration was given to changes in the caloric value depending on the inputamount of diluents. Finally, the optimum material input and the properties of the prepared Ta were analyzed. Stoichiometricratios of K2TaF7(1 mol), NaCl (6.2–6.7 mol), Na (5–7 mol) were weighed, to perform a metallothermic reduction reaction. After the reaction, the tantalum powder was recovered and the flush process was carried out. After that, it was dried in avacuum atmosphere. Physical properties such as oxygen concentration, PSA, ICP-OES, and XRD of powder were conductedto evaluate the characteristics of Ta powder that was finally manufactured.
Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4
The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.
진재교 민족문학사학회 2002 민족문학사연구 Vol.21 No.-
耳溪(1724∼1802)는 애국 인물을 뽑아 작품으로 만든『해동명장전』의 작가다. 그는 이외에도 모두 11개의 人物傳을 창작하였다. 이계가 입전한 대상 인물은 개성과 게층이 다양하다. 특히「皮載吉小傳」과「沈隱趙生光日傳」은 ‘醫員傳’에 해당되는 바, 모두 전통적인 도덕규범 예컨대 충 · 효 · 열과는 애초 거리가 먼 인물들이다. ‘의원전’은 이조 후기 문인들의 인물전에서 흔하지 않다. 그런 점에서 이계가 의원을 비롯하여 여항의 세계에서 才엽를 지니고 그 나름의 가치 있는 특이한 삶을 살았던 인물을 주목한 자체는 의미가 있다. 이계가 이러한 새로운 인물을 주목하여 立傳한 것 역시 이러한 전사의 역동적인 흐름에 적극 호응하였다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 이계처럼 단일 작가가 하층민에 대해 깊은 관심과 애정을 가지고 그들의 삶을 주목한 것은 동시가의 작가의 전에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 것은 아니다. 더욱이 이계처럼 천주교 지도자를 정면을 다룬것은 매우 드문 경우다. 여기서 이계의 문학적 감수성과 특장의 일단을 살필 수 있다. 「피재길소전」은 소품이지만 민간의 의원에서 내의원의 침의에까지 오른 한 인물의 특이한 삶을 적절하게 포착하고 있다. 또한 「침은조생광일전」은 침술로 시정간을 누비며 仁術을 베푼 진정한 義醫의 상을 감동적으로 형상하였다. 두 작품 모두 일화를 적절하게 배치하면서 특정한 사건을 통해 인물의 상을 압축적으로 드러내고 있다. 특히「침은조생광일전」에서는 작가가 세 개의 일화를 배치하여 인술을 베푸는 민간의 영웅으로 조광일을 그려내고 있다. 이 두 작품을 통해서 우리는 이계가 당대의 탁월한 시인으로서는 물론 전작가로서도 손색이 없음을 읽을 수 있다. 그런 점에서 그간 시인으로서만 주목받아 온 이계의 문학사적 위상을 새로운 시각에서 재조정할 필요가 있을 것이다. Hong Yang-ho(Yi-kye, 1724∼1802) is the author of Famous Generals of The Land of East of Sea(Korea,『海東名將傳』) which is a compilation of the stories of several patriots of Choson Dynasty. He wrote another eleven biographies. The protagonists in Hong’s biographic narratives are various in their character and social status. Especially, Small Biography of Pi Jae-gil and Biography of Jo Saeng-kwang trent doctors who are out of traditional Confucian ethics, that is royalty to the rulers, filial piety, fidelity to the husband. Biography whose protagonist was doctors is rate in late Choson biographic genre. In that meaning doctors and other talented people who lived eccentric lives in Hong’s biographic narratives worth of attention. Even though Small Biography of Pi Jae-gil is a very short narrative, it portrays vividly the life of a doctor who ascends from ordinary doctor to the doctor for royal family. In Biography of Jo Saeng-kwang, Hong touchingly visualize the life of a doctor who spread his benevolent art of acupuncture. These two narratives reveals visions of humanity by properly plotting anecdotes. In the narrative of Biography of Jo Saeng-kwang, the author depict Jo Saeng-kwang as popular hero who is practicing the technique of acupuncture using three anecdotes. In conclusion, from this analysis we can find Hong as a writer of biographic narrative. I propose to reevaluate Hong Yang-ho’s position in literary history not just a poet but as a narrative writer.