일반논문 : 노자상이주(老子想爾注) 양생윤리 -양생의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서-

정우진 ( Woo Jin Jung ),문석윤 ( Suk Yoon Moon ) 동양철학연구회 2013 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.75 No.-

본고는 『상이주』에 보이는 생명과 윤리의 논리를 양생윤리라는 개념으로 포착하고, 그것을 양생론의 시대적 변용이라는 관점에서 고찰한 연구의 결과물이다. 외척, 환관정치로 인해 생명이 피폐해지고 社의 권위가 흔들린 후한대의 상황은 개인적 차원에 머물러 있던 양생에 사회화를 요구했고, 그 결과 양생은 윤리와 결합하게 되었다. 감정을 중요한 생명의 단서로 생각하고, 감정의 유로를 생명의 소실로 보는 기존의 전통 윤리적 관념은, 양생윤리의 배경이 되었다. 『상이주』 양생윤리의 전모는 『正統道藏30冊』 543쪽에 실려 있는 ``道 德尊經戒``에 보인다. 도덕존경계에는 『도덕경』 등에 보이는 퇴양과 인순의 지혜가 담겨 있기 때문에, 『상이주』 도계는 지혜의 격언과 도덕규범 이 혼재된 것이었음을 알 수 있다. 이 점은 『상이주』가 『도덕경』 주석서 형태를 띠고 있다는 점, 또 『도덕경』의 가르침이 도덕규범으로 발전할 소지가 있었다는 점 등으로 설명될 수 있다. 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통적 양생론과 달랐다. 그러므로 마음의 안정을 지향하던 전통윤리와는 다른, 생명과 윤리를 연결하는 별도의 기제가 요구되었다. 『상이주』의 저자는 선악판단과 수명의 심판자인 天曹, 수명의 증감을 기록한 계약서라는 관념 그리고 尸解라는 독특한 죽음관을 적절히 이용해서 ``선악-천조의 관할-생명의 증감``이라는 논리를 만들었다. 이 배후에는 감정적 동요는 도덕적 악의 상태에 해당한다는 전통적 윤리관이 전제되어 있다. 결국 『상이주』 양생윤리는 감정의 안정을 추구하던 전통윤리, 그리고 전통윤리의 배후에 있던 생명과 윤리의 결합이라는 관념이 당시의 민중 신앙과 섞여 만들어진 양생론이자 민중종교 윤리였던 셈이다. Nurturing life is one of the most important thoughts in ancient china. Xiang Er Zhu is the bible of Wou Dou Mi Tu(五斗米徒). I investigated Xiang Er Zhu from the perspective of Nurturing Life in this treatise. Nurturing Life first shown in Zhuang Zi(莊子) and Guan Zi(管子) had developed through Qin Hin(秦漢) period and changed itself in accordance with the demand of age. This change can be told to be the development of Nurturing Life Theory. In post han period, Nurturing Life Theory had to fit itself into the age request, socialization. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is the response to the request. China had some thoughts of the original form of Nurturing Life Ethic. Tai Ping Jing(太平經) is one of them. But the oldest model we can find would be in Guan Zi. In Guan Zi, we can find the thought that feeling stability cause health of mind and body. Nurturing Life in Xiang Er Zhu formed on the foundation of that thought. But it did not follow the same logic. It borrowed such concepts as Tai Yin(太陰), Tian Cao(天曹) from folk religion. Folk religion was familiar with the chinese and had the power to enforce moral behavior. People should keep Dao Jie(道誡) not to lessen his life by punishment of Tian Cao. But Zao Shen(조神) or San Shi(三尸) that report guilty of person to Tian Cao in Daoism Ethic is not in Xiang Er Zhu. Instead, Xiang Er Zhu proposed the technique of Shi Jie(尸解), revival from death. Nurturing Life Ethic in Xiang Er Zhu is folk religion ethic founded on the traditional ethic orienting feeling stability and the cohesion of life and ethic behind traditional ethic.

부산 서구 저탄소 녹색도시사업을 통한 지역환경 개선 및 활성화 방안 연구

정숙진, 윤성환, 우신구 신라대학교 부산학연구센터 2012 부산연구 Vol.10 No.-

전 세계의 환경문제인 기후변화에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해 새로운 국가 비전인 저탄소 녹색도시을 견인할 수 있는 지역·권역별 녹색도시화 특성화 방안을 제시함으로서 기후변화에 대응할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 부산 원도심인 서구 충무동·남부민동의 풍부한 자연자원과 다양한 역사·문화자원을 활용한 저탄소 녹색성장과 환경보호를 양립시켜 새로운 성장동력과 지역경제 활성화로 도시재생방안을 마련한다. 녹색기술을 활용한 경사지 주거재생, 도심형 항만재생, 원도심 상권재생의 3대 목표를 설정하고 6대 핵심 전략을 중심으로 지속가능한 녹색도시를 조성한다. 서구 저탄소 녹색도시 선도사업에서 노후화된 주거시설을 개선하기 위한 하우스 프로젝트을 통해 지역성에 맞는 주거모델을 제시하고 친환경 기술요소를 이용하여 자체에너지 생산, 그린 인프라를 이용하여 생태복원 및 바람길을 연결하여 미기후 조절을 가능하게 한다. 그리고 도심형 항만재생에서는 공동어시장에 발생하는 유기성폐기물을 바이오매스시스템 구축을 통하여 바이오에너지를 생산하며 해양친수공간 조성과 천마산을 연결하는 그린네트워크를 형성하여 부산의 대표적인 저탄소 녹색성장 명품도시로 조성한다. By suggesting the green city characterization measure for each region and zone that can lead the low carbon green city which is a new national vision in order to actively cope with the climate change, the global environment issue, we aim to seek for the measure to build up low carbon green city suitable for local characteristics. With low carbon green growth and environment protection by using abundant natural resources and various historical/cultural resources in Seo-gu Chungmu-dong and Nambumin-dong, the old downtown of Busan, the city reclamation measure can be prepared based on a new growth driving force and local economic vitalization. It is a general measure related to easing and adapting to climate change like water circulation, including setting up the three main goals like reclamation of residence on slopes, urban ports and business districts in old downtown based on green technology, and the six core strategies like establishing system of carbon reduction through using low carbon energy, improving the transportation structure through introducing green traffic system, having water/resource circulation system through low carbon circulation resource, having green construction system through applying green technology and environmentfriendly materials, building up ecotype greens based on the carbon absorption system through management of greens and urban forest and creating green community through private and public green partnership. It is possible to control microclimate by connecting wind ways, restoring ecology through using green infrastructure and producing its own energy based on environment-friendly technical elements as also suggesting residental models suitable for local characteristics based on the house project to improve obsolete residential facilities with low carbon green city leading project in Seo-gu. For the urban port reclamation, bio-energy is produced by building up biomass system through organic waste generated in the joint fish market. As also forming waterfront and green network connecting with Mt. Cheonma, it can be the representative low carbon green growth city in Busan.

성인원외폐렴의 원인미생물에대한 전향적 다기관 연구 : 성인원외폐렴의 원인으로 세균의 역할을 중심으로

우준희,강재명,김양수,신완식,류진홍,최정현,김양리,정희진,어수택,박춘식,정문현,정기석,이찬주,류지소 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Background : Communite-acquired peumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Despite progress in diagnostic techniques and treatments, management of pneumonia remains challenging, because the precise etiology remains uncertain in as many as 49% of cases. The limitaions of identifying etiologic agents make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric antibiotic regimen. For the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, we should know the frequency of etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community. Methods : A prospective multicenter study of community-acquired pneumonia in Korea was carried out between May 1997 and April 2000. The microbiologic diagnosis was based on the results of sputum culture, blood culture and pleural culture. Results : Five hundred eighty eight cases of community-acquired peumonia in 562 patients admitted to the hospitals. The mean age was 59.9 with male predominance (58.3%), and 370 (63%) had underlyin gillness. The etiologic agents were identified in 38.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was Streprococcus pneumoniae (21.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), viridans group streptococci (5.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%), Hemophillus Influenza (3.8%), The rates of admission to the intensive care unit was 10.4%. The motality was 7.1%. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Forty percents of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. K. penumoniae were susceptible to cephalosporin and quinolone. Conclusion : In Korea, S.pneumoniae is the most important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin was 36.6% and showed multidrug resistant. Gram negative bacteria such as K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa showed high incidence when compared with that of other countries. Most of them had underlying diseases including bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:1∼7, 2001)

初期發熱患者에 대한 防風解毒湯의 經時的 解熱效果

정우상,문상관,조기호,김영석,배형섭,이경섭 경희대학교 1997 慶熙醫學 Vol.13 No.4

솔-젤법에 의한 Nb_2O_5-Fe_2O_3 혼합산화물의 제조 및 산 특성조사

정석조,양희정,권재범,이내우,우희철 釜慶大學校 2000 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

In this study, some of results from a study conducted on the preparation of niobium coated hematite particles to be used as a catalyst are presented.α-Fe_2O_3 (hematite) particles obtained by aging an acidic solution of ferric(Ⅲ) ions at high temperature were first prepared as core particles and synthesised by hydrolysis at high temperature with layers of amorphous niobium pentaoxide (Nb_2O_5) deposited by the hydrolysis of niobium pentachloride. The effects of varying molecular ratio of Nb/Fe (10/1, 5/1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10) were studied. The synthesised particles were characterized for their physical and chemical properties using XRD, SEM, TPD, BET etc. The process of the surface coating showed heterocoagulation rather than surface nucleation and growth. A preliminary investigation of the acidic characterization and specific surface area of the synthesised particles showed that these particles can achieve an acidic characteristic changed and enhanced specific surface area of that of pure niobia and α-Fe_2O_3 prepared here.

활동성 궤양성 대장염 환자에서 발생한 뇌정맥 혈전증 1예

남승우,양석균,정훈용,주연호,홍원선,민영일,김종성,유창식,서대철 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

카드뮴폭로에 대한 생물학적 지표 : Competitive ELISA에 의한 Metallothionein 정량 Assay of Metallothionein by Competitive ELiSA

박정덕,이우석,공윤,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Metallothionein (MT) is a cadmium binding protein that played major roles in protective mechanism for cadmium toxicity. In the present study, competitive ELISA was established to assay the MT expression utilizing monospecific antibody which was generated against MT-I. A total of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats was injected with CdCl₂ for two weeks to induce MT. The cytosolic fraction of rat liver was obtained by differential centrifugation. Two major MT isozymes (MT-I & MT-II) at ca. 10 kDa were purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration followed by DEAE-Trisacryl-M anion exchange column chromatography, respectively. Two rabbits were immunized 4 times consecutively with the conjugate of purified MT-I. The sera were collected by heart puncture. When immunoblot was carried out, the immunized rabbit sera (anti-MT-I) exhibited specific immunoreactive band at MT-I while showed any cross reactions neither with MT-II nor with other cytosolic proteins. By chequerboard titration using the monospecific antibody, the competitive ELISA was established. The dose-dependent relationship was observed between anti-MT-I anti-body and the amount of MT in biological samples (r²=0.9980). These results suggested strongly that competitive ELISA is a simple, rapid and reproducible method for screening cadmium exposure.

흡연력을 고려한 궤양성 대장염 발생과 충수 절제술 사이의 상관 관계

남승우,양석균,정훈용,심기남,조병동,김승용,박의련,홍원선,민영일 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Preangulated TMA T-loop spring의 적용 위치 변화에 따른 견치의 초기 응력 분포에 대한 유한 요소법적 연구

김정민,차경석,이진우 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 상악 견치, 상악 제 2 소구치, 상악 제 1 대구치의 유한요소 모델을 제작하였고 0.018×0.025인치 Stainless steel wire를 고정원 강화를 위해 상악 제 2소구치와 제 1대구치에 위치시켰다. 0.017×0.025인치 T-loop spring의 전후방적 위치에 따른 응력 분포를 알아보기 위해 T-loop spring의 중간이 견치와 제 1대구치 거리의 중간에 위치하는 것과, 2mm전방에 위치하는 것, 2mm후방에 위치하는 것의 3가지 유한 요소모델을 제작하였다. 이 T-loop spring을 6mm 강제변위시켜 발생하는 힘을 각 치아에 적용시켰으며, 견치에서 발생하는 힘과 응력에 대하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 3가지 형태 모두에서 유사한 크기의 후방견인력을 보였다. 2. 3가지 형태 모두에서 유사한 크기와 비슷한 형태의 응력 분포를 보였다. 3. 3가지 형태 모두에서 회전 중심은 치근단 2/3부분에 보였다. 4. 2mm 전방 위치된 T-loop spring과 2mm 후방 위치된 T-loop spring에 각각 함입력과 정출력을 보이지만 그 크기가 작아서 응력 양상에 영향을 주지 못한다. The purpose of this study was to find the difference of stress distribution on canine altered by the application point of preangulated T-loop spring. For this study, the finite element models of upper left canine, upper left second premolar and upper left first molar were made. Also, the finite element models of 0.017×0.025 inch preangulated, preactivated T-loop spring and 0.018×0.025 inch stainless steel wire were made. Three types of T-loop spring were made : the middle of activated T-loop is positioned in accordance with the middle position of instance of bracket position of both the canine and first molar, 2mm anterior, 2mm posterior. We compared the forces and the distribution of stress that were generated by difference of position of T-loop spring. The results were as follows. 1. All of the 3 types of T-loop spring showed the similar retraction forces. 2. All showed the similar amount & pattern of stress distribution. 3. The centers of rotation of canine in 3 types of T-loop spring were same and were positioned between C and D plane. 4. The canine showed the intrusive force by 2mm anterior positioned T-loop spring, but the extrusive force by 2mm posterior positioned T-loop spring. Neverthless, because of the small amount of the forces, the effect of vertical force was not significant.

偶然과 確率의 槪念形成을 위한 單元學習資料 開發 硏究

金楨化,崔友錫,朴秉昊 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1976 科學敎育硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Piaget and Inhelder figured in several Modules of the experimental results that the idea of Chance and Probaiblities was developed into the three stage graduatly. From seven or eight to eleven or twelve years of age, a second period is characterized by the construction of operative grouping of a logical order in primary school children. In this study the development of a Modules concerned with conception of Chance and Probababilities was compared the notion formation by school year, and difference degree between regional notion formation, relationship between examination results in science, relationship between basic concept formations. The sample population was 353 students of B primary school located in urban region, Jinju, 291 students of O primary school in farm region, Jin-yang County, and 304 students of N primary school in fishing region, Ha-Dong County from the first grade to the sixth grade. The selection of these samples occured of assigning ramdomized number to all students of population. Children were interviewed individual using tasks developed to reflect the Modules. The interview instruments were used differently by the grade to concept formation after the lesson. Answers acquired through interview tasks for formation or unformation were as follows: A+, A, A-, …average A (sufficieney: Formation) B+, B, B-, …average B (common: Transitivity) C+, C, C-, …average C (insufficiency: Unformation) The results acguired through analysis of data were as follows: 1) The concept formation level of Chance and Probabilities by the developed Modules tends to become half differs from the earlier finding of Piaget and Inhelder, beacause the interview instruments used that in this study differs from Inhelder and Piagetian materials. 2) The difference degrees between regional groups in the concpt formation level of Chance and Probabilities were as follows: _______________________________________________________________________ regional group/Answer(%) A(formation) B(transitivity) C(unformation) _______________________________________________________________________ Urban 54.74 29.77 15.99 Farm 28.03 34.52 37.45 Fishing 30.22 33.93 35.85 Average 37.66 32.57 29.76 _______________________________________________________________________ A comparision of the concept formation level in regional group showed that the cognitive development received higher in the urban school, but lower in the farm and fishing school. 3) The interrelationhip between examination results in science and the concept formation level of Chance and Probabilities has no relation in low grades (1, 2, 3 grade) grades, but favored the relation in high grades (4, 5, 6 grade)by using a Modules of Chance and Probabilities. 4) The interrelationship between basic concept formation and the concept formation of Chance and Probabilities showed that manipulative modules interacted to each child for each lesson, and who knows no law can know no lawlessness.