주암호 상류지류의 수질에 관한 연구 : 사평천을 중심으로 On The Sapyung River

주흥규,홍승호,백종오 조선대학교 약학연구소 1998 藥學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

The water quality of Sapyung stream, one of four branches of Lake Chuam, was investigated in August and October. 1995. The results are as follows : 1. The pH of all the investigated sites was ranged from 5.5 to 7.6 which is similar to ordinary streams in Korea, which is an evidence that there it was no source to change the pH significantly 2 In the first investigation DO was ranged from 5.5 to 7.4 ppm, which was slightly lower ppm than other streams, because it was higher atmospheric temperature(35℃) and water temperature(30.5℃) It was ranged from 7.3 to 7.4 ppm in the second investigation, indicating that site is relatively stable and clear area. 3. BOD during all the investigation was ranged from 1.0 to 2.7ppm, indication that it is good water quality. 4. NH₃-N, indicator of water pollution was ranged from 0.03 to 0.07ppm, It is believed that the source was not the contamination of the water 5. NO₂-N and NO₃-N were slightly higher in the first investigation than the second investigation. This is a result of better nitrification in the first investigation because it was longer daylight time and higher water temperature. 6. Chlorine ion concentraton, total hardness, and PO₄-P were detected homogeneously in all investigated area. It is believed that they are due to characteristics of the ground and are not the evidence of point source contamination when compared to other streams. 7. The level of contamination due to general bacteria and E. coli was much lower than other streams, however, in the detection of 7.9x10² E. coli at sites 5, water quality of main stream of Lake chuam needs to be monitored closely.

合成洗劑 生分解 및 環境毒性에 관한 硏究

朱興珪,崔圭行,吳東植 조선대학교 약학연구소 1990 藥學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.1

Alkyl benzene sulfonate, Persists for long Periods in stream because of its resistance to biologic degradation. Its biodegradation is varied in the environment. This investigation was undertaken in oder to know the biodegradation of synthetic detergents which are comprising soft and hard form from may to september 1990. The biodegradation by settling, aeration and activated sludge were determined. The reduction rates of ABS were 22.92%, 10.05% by settlings for 5 days at 25℃ and 52.20%, 82.74% by aeration and average rate 90.98% of LAS by the activated sludge processing. When activated sludge Processing is carried out in the 30% of LAS, the significant downfall of the biodegradation rate to 87.59% is caused by the withering up of bacteria activity as the poison of LAS directly affects microorganism. In dealing with the TLm of LAS systemed synthetic detergent during 24 hours has revealed 40 ppm and the TLm during 48 hours has revealed 24 ppm.

프레임분석을 통한 수자원 갈등 각 이해집단의 의미구성 이해 : 한탄강댐 건설 사례를 중심으로 the focus on the case of the river Hantan Dam construction

주경일,최흥석,주재복 서울대학교 행정대학원 2003 行政論叢 Vol.41 No.4

본 연구는 최근 부각된 사회갈등 중에서 정부에 의해 국가적 수준에서의 해결 과제로 지정되어 그 심각성 정도가 공인된 바 있는 한탄강댐 건설을 둘러싼 사회갈등문제를 인지 프레임의 시각에서 접근하였다. 사회갈등문제에 접근할 때 문제해결의 객관적 해답과 조건의 존재를 가정하고 이의 발견에만 초점을 두어 온 기존의 접근방식과는 차별화된 시각이 보완적으로 공유되어야 한다고 생각했기 때문이다. 또한, 사회갈등문제를 해결하기 위한 시발점이 갈등 현안을 둘러싼 각 이해집단들의 인식 속에 자리한 집단 해석적 정향의 체계적 이해에서부터 발원되어야 한다는 믿음 때문이기도 하다. 분석 결과, 한탄강댐 건설 갈등의 각 이해집단들은 댐 갈등의 의미를 이해하고 이에 대응하기 위해 서로 상이한 4가지 차원의 상위 갈등 프레임을 형성하고 있었으며, 각 차원 내에서도 각자의 입자에 따라 역시 상이한 프레임 내용들을 구축하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결국, 이러한 분석 작업들은 각 이해집단들의 현안 이슈에 대한 근본적 해석정향과 바람직한 갈등관리방식에 대한 태도 및 상대방에 대한 인식, 평가 등을 알 수 있게 함으로써 갈등 당사자간 상호 이해 합의형성 구축의 기초 자료로서, 또 3자에 의한 효과적인 중재절차의 개발에 있어서 그 유용성이 크다고 생각한다. This study approached social conflict around the river Hantan Dam construction as problems of state level in recent social conflicts in terms of cognitive frame. When we approach social conflicts, we usually try for the objective resolution and condition of the problem. But we need to share the different approach from this try now. Namely we need to understand systemically collective interpretive orientations which embedded in stakeholder groups' cognitions on the social conflict problems. According to this study and analysis, each stakeholder group around the river Hantan Dam construction constructed the different four dimension meta-frame to make sense the meaning of Dam conflicts, and also constructed the different frame contents in the each side of dimensions according to stakeholder group's position. Finally, this results imply as fundamental date for consensus-building among stakeholder groups and the organizing effective mediation-procedure because we understand the stakeholder groups' basic interpretive orientations about the present issues and the way of thinking of desirable conflict management systems, the characterizations of the other side by this results.

흰쥐에서 치수노출 후 삼차신경절의 신경절아교세포에서 GFAP-IR의 변화

김흥중,문주훈 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) are a group of intermediate filaments that are distributed in the cytoplasm of many type of glial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine change of GFAP immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) in rat trigeminal ganglion satellite cells in response to pulp exposure. The immunohistochemistry was carried out using the avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) method and subsequently stained with AEC(3-aminoethyl-9-carbasol). 1. Contol group; Central root astrocytes had strong GFAP-IR, but ganglion satellite cells occasionlly had GFAP-IR. This reaction patterns of ganglion satellite cells was not concenturated in any specific region of trigeminal ganglion. 2. Three day pulp exposure group' There was a highly GFAP-IR in satellite cells of trigeminal ganglion in maxillary region. GFAP-IR in neighboring mandibular and ophthalmic regions was less intense compared to maxillary region. 3. Seven day pulp exposure group; In this group, GFA-IR that was increased compared to control group was seen in the maxillary region. But GFAP-IR was less intense compared to three day pulp exposure group. These results suggest that GFAP in satellite cell increase in specific region of trigeminal ganglion after pulp exposure and offer useful tool in trigeminal pain research.

분편 인플루엔자백신(split influenza vaccine)의 임상효과 및 면역원성에 관한 연구

우흥정,김동림,정희진,천병철,이주연,안정배,김지희,박찬,신영규,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적 : 아단위 인플루엔자 백신 접종 후 백신의 인플루엔자 예방효과, 인플루엔자 방어 항체형성, 인플루엔자 백신의 안전성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 총 571명을 대상으로 인플루엔자 백신 접종을 하였고, 이들 접종자에서 인플루엔자 양질환의 이환을 조사하여 인플루엔자 백신의 인플루엔자예방효과를 알아보았고, 백신의 접종 전 및 접종 4주 후 혈청에서 혈구응집억제물(Hemagglutination Inhibition : HAI) 항체 검사를 실시하여 백신의 방어항체생성을 조사하였고, 백신의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 백신접종 후 1주일 이내의 부작용을 조사하였다. 결과 :백신 접종군과 백신 비접종군에서 인플루엔자 양 질환의 이환을 조사한 결과 접종군 28.35%, 비접종군 35.88%으로 나왔으며, p 값이 0.001로 통계적으로 접종군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 인플루엔자 양 질환의 예방 효과는 20.97%를 보였다. 백신의 방어항체 형성의 평가를 위해 유럽의 인플루엔자 백신 허가 기준을 조사하였는데 B/Guangdong/5/94균주의 백신접종 후 항체가 40이상의 비율을 제외한 다른 기준은 모두 만족 시켰다. 부작용은 전체 조사자 521명중 149명(29%)으로 주로 접종 부위의 국소 부작용을 호소했고, 전신 부작용은 2% 내외였으며 특별히 심각한 부작용은 발견되지 않았다. 결론 : 분편 인플루엔자 백신은 인플루엔자양질환의 예방과 방어항체생성에 효과 있으며 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background : The safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccine are well known in developed country. The influenza vaccination has been recommended as one of the tentative immunization schedule for indicated persons since 1997 in Korea. But there are still no available data about them, even though nearly 5 million doses of influenza vaccine were used in 1997-1998 season. So it is immediately needed to investigate the safety. efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine among Korean. Methods : We studied the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccine by monitoring Occurrence of influenza-like illness in influenza risk group(vaccination ; 300, non-vaccination; 215) from December in 1997 to March in 1998. We used the split quadrivalent influenza vaccine containing 15 microgram of hemagglutinin of A/Beijing/262/95(HlNl), A/Wuhan/359/95(H3N2), B/Mie/1/93 and B/Guangdong/5/94. Hemagglutination inhibition(HA1) antibody titers were determined before immunization and 1 months after vaccination And we evaluated adverse effect of influenza vaccination at 7 days after vaccination. Results : Influenza vaccination was associated with si@icant reductions in influenza-like spptoms(vaccination group; 28.35%, non-vaccination group, 35.88%, p=0.001). The preventive effect of influenza-like i3lne.s among influenza risk goup was 20.97%. And immunogenicity of influenza A and B exceeded all of the European licensure criteria for immunogenicity except postvaccination proportion of titers 240 of B/Guangdong/5/94 strain. And the adverse effects were mainly local injection site problem and no serious adverse effect was noted. Conclusion : Split influenza vaccine is safe, inmunogenic and eff'tive in influenza risk group in Korea.

고속가공에서 박막 측벽(Thin wall) 파트 가공을 위한 연구

김홍배,이우영,최성주 한국공작기계학회 2000 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

The term 'High Speed Machining' has been used for many years to describe end milling with small diameter tools at high rotational speeds, typically 10,000 - 100,000 rpm. The process was applied in the aerospace industry for the machining of light alloys, notably aluminium. In recent years, however, the mold and die industry has begun to use the technology for the production of components, including those manufactured from hardened tool steels. And the end-mill is an important tool in the milling process. A typical examples for the end mill is the milling of pocket and slot in which a lot of material is removed from the workpiece. Therefore the proper selection of cutting parameters for end milling is one of the important factors affecting the cutting cost. The one of the advantages of HSM is cutting thin-wall part of light alloy like Al (thinkness about 0.3㎜). In this paper, firstly, we study characteristics of HSM, and then, we choose the optimal parameters(cutting forces) and investigate various machining strategies to cut thin-wall part by experiment.

이동통신 멀티미디어 데이터서비스의 트래픽 특성 모델링 및 성능분석

정용주,백천현,김후곤,최택진,양원석,황흥석 한국경영과학회 2003 한국경영과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The aim of this study is to identify the data traffic capacity of 3G mobile communication networks, especially of cdma2000-1X networks. Three-layered ON/OFF traffic model is used to describe the dynamics of data traffics and the process of data transmission such as packet scheduling. We construct a simulator fully incorporating packet handling process of cdma2000-1X data network as well as three-layered ON/OFF traffic model describing the behavior of source data traffics. To get influence of traffic parameters on performance measures, the extensive simulations were performed for several data sets which are obtained from real trace data or previous studies. The experimental results show that the engineered throughput satisfying QoS criteria is approximately 20% of total capacity. Finally, some proposals to improve the system capacity are followed.

치수제거후 흰쥐 삼차신경절에서 VIP 면역반응세포의 변화: 공초점레이저주사현미경적 연구

김흥중,김승재,박주철,박주철,이상호 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

말초신경 손상에 의한 VIP의 변화를 연구하기 위해 흰쥐 하악대구치 치수제거 후 삼차신경 절에서 VIP의 분포 및 반응강도를 공초점레이저주사현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 체중 200g내외의 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 대조군과 하악대구치 치수제거 후 14일군으로 분리하여 희생시켰다. 1차 항체로 rabbit anti-VIP, 2차 항체로 fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) conjugated anti-rabbit IgG를 사용하여 면역형광염색을 시행한 후 공초점레이저주사현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.삼차신경절 하악부위에서 VIP 양성반응세포의 비율은 대조군에서 7.40%를, 실험군에서는 28.42%를 보였다. 대조군에 비해 실험군에서 양성반응세포의 증가를 보였다. 2.삼차신경절 하악부위에서 VIP 면역반응세포체에 대한 상대성 형광강도는 대조군에서 87.78을, 실험군에서는 138.65를 보였다. 대조군과 비교하였을 때 실험군에서 상대성 형광강도의 증가를 보였다. 3.실험군의 광연속절편(1㎛) 관찰에서 VIP 면역반응세포는 9개의 절편 대부분에서 강하게 나타났다. 축삭의 면역반응을 살펴보면, 대조군의 축삭에서는 약한 반응을 보였으며, 실험군의 축삭에서는 강한 면역반응을 보였다. 또한 양성반응 세포체의 크기는 20∼25㎛의 중간 크기의 세포체에서 강한 면역반응을 보였다. 위의 결과로 보아 치수제거 후에 삼차신경절 하악부위에서 VIP면역반응세포의 증가와 함께 상대성 형광강도가 높아졌음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and fluorescence intensity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive(VIP-IR) cells in rat trigeminal ganglion following pulp extirpation of rat mandibular molar. The animals were divided into control group(n=6) and experimental group(n=6). The experimental animals were sacrificed at 14 days after pulp extirpation. The trigeminal ganglion was removed and immersed in the 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Serial frozen sections about 20㎛ in thickness were cut with a cryostat The immunofluorescence staining was performed. The rabbit anti-VIP(1:8,000) was used as primary antibody and fluorescene isothiocynate(FITC) cojugated anti-rabbit IgG(1:80) as secondary antibody. The slides were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). Unprocessed optical sections were obtained and stored on a optical disk. Color pictures were printed by a video copy processor. The results were as follows ; 1. The positive ratio of VIP-IR cells in mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion were 7.40% in control group and 28.42% in experimental group(14 days affter pulp extirpation). 2. The relative fluorescence intensity of VIP-IR cells in mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion were 87.78 in control group and 138.65 in experimental group. The relative fluorescence intensity of experimental group was 58% higher than that of control group. 3. In optical serial section analysis of VIP-IR cells of experimental group, most of the 9 section showed high fluorescence intensity. At high magnification, axons of the experimental group displayed greater VIP-IR than in the control group, and the positive cells were mainly of medium size. The result indicate that number and fluorescence intensity of VTP-IR cells were increased in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion following pulp extirpation of mandibular molar, and it suggests that VIP could play a role in processing of nociception.

Protein microarray를 이용한 Apin-단백질의 상호작용에 관한 연구

박주철,박선화,김흥중,박종태,윤성호,김지웅,이태연,손호현 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.5

법랑모세포 분화와 성숙과정에서 OD314의 발현

박주철,안성민,김흥중,정문진,박민주,신인철,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.5

법랑모세포는 법랑질을 형성하고 유지하는 세포로, 법랑질의 유기기질을 분비하고 법랑질 석회화 과정에도 관여한다. 치아 발생과정에서 법랑모세포의 분화는 순차적인 상피-간엽 상호작용에 의하여 조절되나, 분화나 성숙과정의 정확한 기전은 아직까지 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 최근에 상아모세포에서 처음 발견된 OD314가 치아 발생과정에서 상아질을 형성하는 상아모세포 뿐 아니라 법랑모세포에도 발현된다고 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 생쥐 하악 전치의 다양한 시기의 법랑모세포를 이용하여, 형태학적 분석과 in-situ hybridization에 의한 OD314 mRNA의 발현 그리고 OD314 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학적 분석을 통하여 OD314 유전자의 법랑 모세포 분화와 성숙과정에서의 역할을 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 형태학적으로 법랑모세포는 분화 단계에 따라 분비 전단계 법랑모세포, 분비기 법랑모세포, 성숙기의 평탄끝 법랑모세포와 성숙기의 주름끝 법랑모세포로 구분되었다. 2. OD314 mRNA는 분비기의 법랑모세포에서부터 발현되기 시작하여 법랑모세포가 성숙해갈 수록 그 발현이 증가하였다. 3. OD314 단백질은 분비 전단계의 법랑모세포에서는 발현되지 않고, 분비기의 법랑모세포에서는 세포질에 전체적으로 발현되었다. 성숙기의 평탄끝 법랑모세포와 주름끝 법랑모세포에서는 세포의 근심과 원심끝단에 OD314 단백질이 강하게 발현되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 OD314는 법랑모세포의 분화와 성숙과정에서 세포질 내부에서 특징적인 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Ameloblasts are responsible for the formation and maintenance of enamel which is an epithelially derived protective covering for teeth. Ameloblast differentiation is controlled by sequential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. However, little is known about the differentiation and maturation mechanisms. OD314 was firstly identifled from odontoblasts by subtraction between odontoblast/pulp cells and osteoblast/dental papilla cells, even though OD314 protein was also expressed in ameloblast during tooth formation. In this study, to better understand the biologcal function of OD314 during amelogenesis, we examined expression of the OD314 mRNA and protein in various stages of ameloblast differentiation using in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The results were as follows : 1. The ameloblast showed 4 main morphological and functional stages referred to as the presecretory, secretory, smooth-ended, and ruffle-ended. 2. ○D314 mRNA was expressed in secretory ameloblast and increased according to the maturation of the cells. 3. OD314 protein was not expressed in presecretory ameloblast but expressed in secretory ameloblast and maturative ameloblast. OD314 protein was distributed in entire cytoplasm of secretory ameloblast. However, OD314 was localized at the proxiamal and distal portion of the cytoplasm of smooth- ended and ruffle-ended ameloblast. These results suggest that ○D314 may play important roles in the ameloblast differentiation and maturation.