야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

Prednisolone 投與로 因한 家兎末梢 淋巴組織의 微細構造의 變化

片英植,洪錫宰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

成熟家兎를 實驗動物로 하여 prednisolone을 少量 乃至 大量 投與하고, 末秒淋巴組織인 腸間膜 淋巴節 및 脾小體에 惹起되는 變化를 機能的 組織構造에 따라 病理組織學的 및 電子顯微鏡的으로 檢査하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 組織學的으로는, 腸間膜淋巴節에 있어서는 淋巴小節에서 大淋巴球와 小淋巴球의 破壞 消失과 大食細胞의 著明한 增加를 볼 수 있었고, 胸腺依存域 (TDA)에서는 小淋巴球의 消失과 大食細胞의 增加가 比較的 輕한 程度로 認定되었으며, 髓索에서는 小淋巴球의 消失과 大食細胞의 增加와 아울러 大淋巴球는 增加하는 傾向을 보였다. 脾小體에 있어서는 淋巴濾胞에서 大淋巴球와 小淋巴球의 顯著한 破壞 消失과 大食細胞의 著明한 增加를 볼 수 있었으며, 胸腺依存域인 細動脈 周邊帶에서는 小淋巴球의 消失과 大食細胞의 增加가 比較的 輕한 程度로 觀祭되었다. 그리고 上記한 바와 같은 淋巴節 및 脾小體에서의 變化들은 prednisolone의 投與量이 많을수록 더욱 甚해지는 傾向을 보였다. 電子顯微鏡的으로는 淋巴節內의 淋巴球는 prednisolone 5mg 投與群부터 核邊緣의 不規則, 械膜周邊의 染色質 濃縮, 核萎縮 및 核膜의 破壞 等 主로 核에 變性變化를 보였으며, 이러한 所見들은 脚腺依存域 보다는 淋巴小節이나 髓索에서 甚하였고, 또 投與量의 增加에 따라 더욱 顯署하였다. 大食細胞의 核은 核膜의 不規則과 染色質의 濃縮等 그 變化가 輕微하였으나, 細胞質內에는 FCD를 包含하는 여러 形態의 lysosome이 많이 增加하였으며 간혹 lipid droplet도 觀祭되었다. 脾小體의 淋巴球는 prednisolone의 投與量이나 小體의 部位에 따라 큰 差異없이 核濃縮과 核膜의 破壞 및 消失等 核의 非可逆性 變性變化가 더욱 顯著하였으며 細胞質內 變化는 輕微하였다. 大食細胞의 細胞質內에는 여러 가지 變性된 構造物로 이루어진 FCD와 電子蜜度가 높은 顆粒들을 含有하는 各種 lysosome이 增加되어 있었으며 이들 變性된 構造物 乃至 顆粒들은 그 電子密度나 性狀으로 보아 主로 融解된 淋巴球核의 破片으로 생각되었다. 以上의 實驗成續으로 보아, corticosteroid를 投與할 때에는 淋巴節과 脾小體와 같은 末稍淋巴組織의 淋巴球에 甚한 核의 變性變化가 惹起되며 이렇게 破濃 融解된 淋巴球는 大食細胞에 의하여 곧 貪食 處運되는 것으로 推定된다. 그리고 corticosteroid의 末稍淋巴組織에 對한 抑制性影響은 B淋巴球系에 主로 甚하게 나타나고, T淋巴球系에는 比較的 輕하게 나타나는 것으로 推定된다. This study was made to clarify light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of the mesenteric lymph node and splenic corpuscles induced by prednisolone injection, using adult rabbits. The results were summarized as follows; 1. On light microscope there were considerable destruction of both large and small lymphocytes and marked increase in number of macrophages in mesenteric lymph nodes, and loss of small lymphocytes and slight increase of macrophages in thymus dependent area. Medullary cords of the lymph nodes showed diminished small lymphocytes with increase in number of large lymphocytes and macrophages. Follicles of splenic corpuscle showed significant destruction and loss of both small and large lymphocytes and increased number of macrophages. There were slight loss of small lymphocytes and increased number of macrophages in the thymus dependent area around the zone of splenic arterioles of the splenic corpuscle. These changes in the lymph node and splenic corpuscle were more evident in the group with increased dose of prednisolone injection. 2. Electron microscopically lymphocytes of the lymph nodes showed chiefly the nuclear changes such as irregular margin of nuclear membrane, dense chromatin deposit around the nuclear margin, atrophy of nucleus and destruction of nuclear membrane. These changes were more prominent in the lymph follicles than thymus dependent area and medullary cord of the lymph node, and along with the increased does of prednisolone injection. Nuclear changes of macrophages were minimal but the cytoplasm bad several types of lysosomes including focal cytoplasmic degradation and occasional lipid droplets. There were more prominent changes in the nucleus of lymphocyte of the splenic corpuscles irrespective of dose of prednisolone, but cytoplasmic changes were slight. Cytoplasm of the macrophages showed focal cytoplasmic degradation including many degenerated elements and several types of lysosomes which contained granules of increased electron density, and these degenerated elements and granules were supposed to be particles of the destructed nuclei of the lymphocyte by their structures and similar electron density. 3. It was therefore summarized that lymphocytes of the lymph node and splenic corpuscle sholwed severe degenerative changes in the nucleus chiefly and these degenerated and destructed lymphocytes were phagocytized and digested by macrophage. It seemed that depressive action of the corticosteroid for the peripheral lymphoid tissue was more prominent in B-lymphocytes than in T-lymphocytes.

고등학교 운동선수에서 최대하 Treadmill 운동시 심폐기능의 변화와 산소섭취량의 추산법

배옥석,김형진,박재식,주영은 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1990 慶北醫大誌 Vol.31 No.3

고등학교 운동선수에서 최대하 treadmill 운동시험시 심폐기능의 변화를 구명하고 운동부하, 운동시간 및 심박수로부터 산소섭취량을 추산할 수 있는 회귀방정식을 유도하고자 15∼18세의 남자 고등학생 운동선수 14명과 비운동선수 16명을 대상으로 하여 Bruce법에 따라 treadmill 상에서 최대 운동능력의 80%에 해당하는 최대하운동을 실시하고 운동전, 운동중 및 운동후에 심박수, 혈압, 분시환기량, 탄산가스생산량 및 산소섭취량을 측정하였으며 운동 전후에 폐환기역학 검사를 시행하였다. 심박수는 선수군에서 안정시의 71.9±1.3회로부터 운동중 178.0±2.0회까지 증가하여 최대심박수의 81.2±2.3%에 달하였고 비선수군에서는 안정시의 81.8±2.4회로부터 182.6±1.1회까지 증가하여 최대심박수의 79.6±2.0%에 달하였다. 선수군의 심박수는 비선수군에 비해 전 실험기간에 걸쳐 유의(P<0.01)하게 낮은 값을 유지하였다. 분시환기량은 선수군에서 안정시의 5.1±0.6 L/min로부터 운동중 63.0 L/min까지 증가하였고 비선수군에서는 안정시의 5.2±0.5 L/min로부터 51.2 L/min 까지 증가하였으며 양군 사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 산소섭취량은 선수군에서 안정시 1.0±0.4 ㎖/㎏/min로부터 운동중 32.6 ㎖/㎏/min까지 증가하여 최대산소섭취량의 72.9%에 달했으며 비선수군에서는 안정시 1.4±0.3 ㎖/㎏/min로부터 28.9 ㎖/㎏/min까지 증가하여 최대산소섭취량의 70.3%에 달하였다. 선수군의 산소섭취량은 비선수군에 비해 계속 낮은 경향을 보였다. Treadmill 속도 및 경사도와 산소섭취량 간의 중회귀분석 결과 중상관계수 0.9998로서 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. Bruce법에 따른 운동시간과 산소섭취량 간의 회귀분석 결과 1차함수 회귀식에 대한 상관계수는 0.999였으나 3차함수 회귀식에 대한 상관계수는 0.99999로서 극히 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 심박수와 산소섭취량 간에는 상관계수 0.998 및 0.992로서 대체로 높은 직선적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 폐기능검사 결과 안정시 FVC, FEF_(0.2-1.2L), FEF_25% 및 MVV는 선수군에서 비선수군에 비해 유의(P<0.05)하게 높았다. 운동후 폐기능검사 성적은 비선수군에서는 안정시보다 저하된 경향을 보인데 비해 선수군에서는 향상된 경향을 보였다. The cardiorespiratory function was evaluated during and after a submaximal treadmill exercise and some regression equations were derived for estimation of oxygen uptake from exercise load, exercise time and the heart rate. A total of 30 high school boys, of whom 14 were athletic and 16 non-athletic, performed a submaximal treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol to the point when 80% of their maximum exercising capacity were reached. The heart rate, blood pressure, minute ventilation, CO_2 production and O_2 uptake were measured before, during and after exercise, and the pulmonary function test was performed before and after exercise. Heart rate was increased from 71.9±1.3 beats/min at rest to 178.0±2.0 during exercise which was 81.2±2.3% of the maximum heart rate in athletes, and from 81.8±2.4 beats/min at rest to 182.6±1.1 which was 79.6±2.0% of its maximum in non-athletes. Athletes showed significantly (P<0.01) lower heart rate than non-athletes throughout the experimental period. Minute ventilation was increased from 5.1±0.6 L/min at rest to 63.0 in athletes and from 5.2±0.5 L/min to 51.2 in non-athletes. Athletes and non-athletes showed no significant difference. Oxygen uptake was increased from 1.0±0.4 ㎖/㎏/min at rest to 32.6 which was 72.9% of maximum oxygen uptake in athletes, and from 1.4±0.3 ㎖/㎏/min to 28.9 which was 70.3% of the maximum in non-athletes. Athletes showed consistently lower oxygen uptake than non-athletes. Multiple regression analysis between treadmill speed and grade and the oxygen uptake showed a high correlation coefficient of 0.9998. A first order regression analysis between exercise time and oxygen uptake showed a correlation coefficient of 0.999, while a third order regression analysis showed an extremely high correlation coefficient of 0.99999. The heart rate and oxygen uptake showed a linear regression with a reasonably high correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.992. The pulmonary function test revealed significantly(P<0.05) higher FVC, FEF_(0.2-1.2L), FEF_25% and MVV at rest in athletes than in non-athletes. After exercise, athletes showed enhanced pulmonary function compared with the resting state while non-athletes showed more or less decreased.

킬레이트 형성기로서 Ethylenediamine을 도입한 다공성 중공사막에 의한 금속이온의 흡착특성

김헌석,김민,이영기,김병식 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1999 산업기술논문집 Vol.14 No.-

폐수나 초순수 중의 금속이온을 효율적으로 회수하기 위해 킬레이트 형성기로서 에틸렌디아민(EDA)을 방사선그래프트중합법에 의해 생성된 그래프트 체인에 도입하였다. 그래프트율에 따른 에틸렌디아민기의 밀도를 측정하였으며, 그래프트율 177%의 경우 4.25mol/kg으로 나타났다. 에틸렌디아민기가 도입된 중공사막의 금속이온에 대한 흡착용량은 투과법에 의해 측정되었다. 투과압력의 변화에 무관한 흡착용량을 나타내었으며, 흡착된 금속이온은 용리액에 의해 100% 용리가 되었다. 구리(Cu)와 카드뮴(Cd)의 2성분 흡착에서는 구리이온이 카드뮴이온을 치환흡착 하는 것을 알 수 있었다. An ethylenediamine(EDA)-group as a chelate forming group was appended onto a hollow fiber membrane for effective recovery of metal ion from waste water or ultra pure water by radiation-induced graft polymerization of an epoxy-group-containing monomer, glycidylmethacrylate(GMA), and subsequent chemical modification. The density of EDA-group was investigated as a function of the degree of GMA grafting(dg), and it was 4.25mol/kg in case of the dg 177%. The adsorption of metal-ion onto toe EDA-hollow fiber membrane was measured by the permeation method. The metal adsorption capacity during permeation of a copper solution through the EDA-hollow fiber at various flow rate demonstrated that a higher flow rate is not affected to the collection efficiency. In the binary adsorption of Cu^2+/Cd^2+, we could see that Cu^2+ ion was substituted for Cd^2+ ion and adsorbed finally.

MgB₄O7 熱螢光體의 특성과 低에너지 X線의 線量測定

김영국,손인호,설정식,채건식,노경석 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

To develope the thermoluminescent radiation sensors and low energy X-ray of dosimetry. The TL phosphors of MgB₄O7 are prepared and their physical characteristics are investigated. MgB₄O7 : Tb. Tm. Dy. La. Ho. and Nd phosphors have been prepared by sintering around 580℃ for 2 hours followed by flowing Ar gas. Ar gas. Activation energy and kinetic order of main peak of glow curve were studied by two methods peak shape method and initial rise method. By these methods, the estimated activation energies were 0.76±0.02eV(Tb doped). 0.94±0.03(Tm doped). 0.72±0.02 (Dy doped). respectively. The activation energy frequency factor and kinetic order of thermoluminescent process for each TL phosphors are measured by analyzing the glow curve by initial rise. peak shape. different heating rate. isothermal decay method. And The emission spectra of TL phosphors are also measured. The TL phosphors prepared in this work may be utilized to radiation sensor elements becaue of their high sensitivity to low energy X-ray.

관동맥질환에서 각종 지질 및 지단백의 변화

황석순,김권배,손수인,서영숙,김기식,김윤년 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1990 계명의대학술지 Vol.9 No.3

To evaluate the relationship between coronary artery disease(CAD) and the various levels of lipid and lipoproteins, we performed coronary angiography to the patient, who were suspected coronary artery disease from January 1988 to August 1989. And compared it with normal control group. The number of control group were 41(21 men, 20 women), and the patient group were 52(42 men, 10 women). The age was not differ between two groups. The results were as follows; 1. In CAD group, the plasma concentration of total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, phosphlipid, and TC/HDL ratio were significantly higher than in control group. But, though, the concentration of HDL was lower in CAD group, had no significant difference between two groups. 2. The severity of CAD were well correlated with total lipid, cholesterol, LDL, trigylceride, phospholipid, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL levels. HDL level didnt's show significant correlation with the degree of CAD. We concluded that total lipid, cholesterol, trigylceride TC/LDL ratio were valuable markers of CAD in Korean, but futhur studies of lipoproteiins and other risk factors in the large population will be recommended.

화상창상의 치유 및 반흔형성 과정에서 신경펩티드의 변화

장영철,범진식,이종욱,오석준 대한화상학회 2003 대한화상학회지 Vol.6 No.2

十二變에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論을 중심으로

채영진,남호현,이석모,여성원,한성규,이재원,안민식,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

The six kinds of natural factors(It refers to wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire.) is constantly moving to maintain the balance of whole climate of one year. Four seasons are the largest mediation of whole climate of one year. The cold and the heat have the relationship of mutual intervention. The dampness and the dryness have it also. In this process they raise various climate appearance. And that various climate appearance influence the whole lives on the earth. This paper is concerned with the classification of them.

한글대장경 검색 시스템

이금석,이용규,홍영식,한태식 동국대학교 전자불전연구소 2002 전자불전 Vol.4 No.-

한글대장경의 전산화 및 검색 시스템 개발은 세계에 우리 문화의 우수성을 널리 알리고, 우리 문화유산에 대한 국민적 관심을 높이며 해당 분야에 대한 효과적인 연구를 지원하기 위해 반드시 필요하다. 한글대장경은 고려대장경의 번역본으로 주로 한글로 기록되어 있지만, 원문의 이해를 돕기 위해서 다양한 한자가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 한자들은 본자(本字)와 뜻은 같지만 모양이 틀린 이체자(異體字)및 오자(誤字)나 탈자(脫字)로 간주되는 파자(破字) 등을 포함하고 있으므로 입력이나 저장 뿐 아니라 검색 관점에서도 여러 가지 문제점을 갖는다. 또한 인터넷이 널리 보급되면서 인터넷을 통한 문헌 검색이 증가하였지만 기존의 문헌 검색 시스템은 용어 검색, 색인 검색 등과 같은 단순한 검색만을 지원하기 때문에 사용자의 다양한 검색 요구를 충족시키기가 어려웠다. 본 연구에서는 한글대장경의 효과적인 입력과 저장을 위해 유니코드(unicode)를 사용하였고, 효율적인 검색을 위해 문서 구조를 XML로 정의하였으며, 결과내 검색과 히스토리 검색 등과 같은 다양한 검색 방법을 지원하는 웹 기반 한글 대장경 검색 시스템을 개발하였다.

우울증환자의 갑상선기능

진영식,정영조,오석환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.2

저자들은 인제대학 부속 서울 백병원에 입원 및 외래치료를 받은 우울증환자 25명을 대상으로 갑상선 기능을 검사비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을수 있었다. 1) 우울증 환자군에서 T₃,T₄의 값이 정상대조군에 비해 현저히 낮았다. (p<0.01) 2) 우울증 환자군에서 T.S.H. 의 값은 정상대조군에 비해 큰 차이가 없었다. 3) 주요정동장애 (Major Affective Disorder)의 우울상태 (Depressed State)와 감정부전장애 (Dysthymic Disorder)의 환자들을 정상대조군과 비교하여 주요정동장애에서는 T₃,T₄, T.S.H. 의 값이 현저하게 차이가 있었으며 (p<0.01), 감정부전장애에서는 별 차이가 없었다. 4) 주요정동장애의 우울상태인 환자군에서 감정부전장애 환자군과 비교하여 T₃,T₄, T.S.H. 의 값이 현저하게 차이가 있었다. (T₃: p<0.05, T₄, T.S.H: p<0.01) Authors studied the relationship between the depression and the thyroid function by measuring the serum T₃,T₄and TSH levels with the method of radioimmunoassay. Subjects were consisted of 25 patients (14 depressive states in major affective disordeer, 11 dysthymic disorder) who were treated at the department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital from Oct. 1983 to July 1984, and the controls were consisted of 25 healthy medical personnels of the same hospital. The results were as following; 1. The serum of T₃and T₄of the depressed patients were significantly lower than those of the control group. (p<0.01) 2. The serum level of TSH of the depressed patients was not different from that of control group. 3. The serum levels of T₃,T₄and TSH of the depressed states in major affective disorder were significantly lower than those of control group (p<0.01) 4. Compared with each subtype of the depression, the serum levels of T₃,T₄and TSH of the depressed states in major affective disorder were significantly lower than those of the dysthymic disorder group. (T₃: p<0.05, T₄, TSH: p<0.01)