N형 전압의존성 칼슘채널 α subunit 유전자의 염색체상에서의 위치와 신경계에서의분포

박선화,김현,김형래,박수연,유임주,서영석 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.4

주제학습을 통한 ICT 활용 교육 모형 개발

박선주,김정랑,김철,이윤형 光州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2002 初等敎育硏究 Vol.17 No.-

In coming 21st century, which is forecasted that it will be a knowledge-information oriented society, abilities of information acquirements are required. For this, the Ministry of Education has been encouraging the business of information oriented school education and promoting application of ICT more than 10% in all classes of the 7th curriculum. Moreover, after extending applied classes into 20% by 2005, the Ministry of Education will promote editing textbooks by subjects reflecting the content of ICT application. But, actually, classes applied ICT aren't fulfilled in education fields. The main reason for this is that teachers don't understand fully ICT application model. On the basis of the preceding studies, this study designed subject-settlement class model to develop students' abilities of information acquirements. The subject-settlement class model is made up of 5 steps--confirmation of studying subjects, searching information and collecting, using information, arrangement of results, communication of information, and evaluation. By experiencing search of information, arrangement of information and creation of new information, the application of this model helps the students develop abilities of information acquirements. Nowadays, development of information communication and of computer makes the world change from information oriented society into knowledge oriented society. Future society will focus on the ability of production to create knowledge information. This study is the result presented as a part of the ability of creating information. Furthermore, the development of various learning and teaching models, which are required in information oriented age, are expected.

시멘트 콘크리트의 건조수축균열 특성

박제선,윤경구,이주형,김태환,정원경 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2000 석재연 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

콘크리트는 본질적으로 인장강고와 휨강도가 약하며 취성적 성질을 나타내는 결점을 가지고 있으므로 이를 보강할 목적으로 콘크리트에 섬유를 혼입한 섬유보강 콘크리트가 크게 각광받고 있다. 특히 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강은 모르타르 및 콘크리트가 건조나 동해에 의해 수축될 때 구속에 의해 발생되는 인장응력 및 균열을 제어하고 인성의 증가와 충격, 마모, 피로에 대한 저항성, 내구성을 증대시키는 장점을 가지는 것으로 보고 되고 있다. 1축으로 구속된 건조수축의 구속으로 인한 조강형 콘크리트의 잔류응력을 선형모델을 이용하여 예측할 수 있었고 조강형 콘크리트에 섬유보강으로 인한 건조수축 제어효과는 일반큰코리트에 비해 효과가 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 폴리크로필렌 섬유의 혼입으로 인해 콘크리트의 균열제어가 가능하며, 균열 폭이 큰 균열보다는 많은 미세 균열을 유도하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 섬유보강 조강형 큰크리트의 동결융해저항특성은 거의 동해의 손상을 받지 않으며 좋은 내구성을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 불규칙하게 배향된 섬유가 공극수의 이동을 효과적으로 제어함으로써 메트릭스 내의 팽창압으로 인한 파괴를 최대한 줄였기 때문이라고 보여진다. 표면손상과 박리저항에 매우 우수하며 저항성을 증진시키는 효과가 뛰어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 내구적 측면의 유지, 보수에 있어서도 섬유보강은 그 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. To improve the brittle nature of concrete, discrete fibers can be adapted in concrete. Since polypropylene fiber has many advantages in many points on its chemical stability and good durability, its usages have been increased gradually. It has been reported than polypropylene fibers can not only control restrained tensional stresses and cracks, but also increase toughness, resistance to impact, corrosion, fatigue, and durability. Although the polypropylene fiber reinforced concretes with ordinary cement have been studied so much, those with very early strength concretes have not studied at all. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate and conduct the researches for the polypropylene fiber reinforced very early strength concretes which has enough workability and durability. This study of polypropylene fiber reinforced very early strength concrete focused on the investigation each material's effect into strength development with analysis of restrained shrinkage properties with one-dimensional concrete members. The results showed that more optimized mixture combinations could be selected in very early strength concrete by incorporating polypropylene fibers, keeping in same strength levels at urgent repair works. The formation of needle-shape ettringite helps the early strength development, specially at flexural and this enables the repaired concrete structures or pavements to be opened to traffic after 3 hours of concrete placement. A residual stress of early strength concrete caused by one-dimensional restrained drying shrinkage was predicted from linear model. the control of shrinkage crack by fiber reinforcement at early strength concrete was better than that of ordinary portland cement concrete because of bridging effect of fiber at early age and resulting of more hair cracks rather than fewer wider cracks. As a results, this dissertation clearly validated the fiber reinforcement on the strength development and durability of polypropylene fiber reinforced very early strength concrete, and characteristic of restrained shrinkage. The proposed optimized concrete mixtures might be satisfactory applied at the repair works in fields, because of its durability and crack control capacity against freeze-thaw and contraction at early age, respectively.

Zn₄SnSe_(6):Co^(2+) 단결정의 물성에 관한 연구

이우선,오금곤,최창주,송찬일,김형곤 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2001 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.23 No.2

In this paper, author describe the undoped and Co^(2+)-doped Zn₄SnSe_(6) single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method. For the crystal growth, the temperature gradient of the CTR furnace was kep a t 700℃ for the source aone and at 820℃ for the growth zone for 7-days. I t was found from the analysis of x-ray diffraction that undoped and Co^(2+)-doped Zn₄SnSe_(6) compounds have a monoclinic structure. The optical absorption spectra obtained near the fundamental absorption edge showed that these compounds have a direct energy gaps.

서비스제공자와 고객간 신뢰의 영향요인 연구

李仙熙,全柱炯 문화관광연구학회 2002 문화관광연구 Vol.4 No.4

The studies of trust between service providers and customers just have recently discussed an issues for academics and managers. Trust is regarded one of the core variables as formulating, developing, maintaining the relationship between service providers and customers. This paper is reviewed the concept and typology of trust, and factors induced to trust by the past research. Based on the theoretical study, I research the empirical analysis, sampled 10 travel agencies randomly in Seoul and surveyed the tourists using the order-made tour by the questionnaire. The result of this paper I present the findings significantly the factors including competence, benevolence and similarity, integrity, interaction and openness and cooperation extracted from 23 variables. And also trust has been influenced on the 5 factors between service providers and customers. The service providers of travel agencies should improve his competence, integrity and openness, interaction with the tourists by cooperatively.

문화관광의 가치측정에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

李仙熙,全柱炯 문화관광연구학회 1999 문화관광연구 Vol.1 No.2

배구심판의 주의집중 유형분석 : 공인심판을 중심으로 Focussing on Certified Referees

고기채,선주형,손흥기,고인태 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 體育學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The aim of the study was to provide useful basic materials for researches into the ways to enhance volleyball referees' attention. The attention power test(TAIS) was carried out by 85 questionnaire papers, three of them were excluded for unfaithfulness and no reply, returned from the referees who participated in the 2001 Samsung Fire Insurance Super league, the 18th Seoul youth athletic meeting combining a preliminary match of Seoul for the 30th National Youth Sports Meet, and the 4th Songwon cup national man's and woman's volleyball game and the test were examined according to the age of referees(the twenties, the thirties, the forties, and the fifties), the types of the certificates(the international. the A grade, the B grade, and the C grade referees), the positions(the 1st, the 2nd, and the linejudges), and the level of concentration skill(the superior, the middle, and the inferior). The results of the comparative verification are like follows. 1) The result of the study on the attention power according to the types of the referees' certificates shows a significant difference at the level of p〈.05. 2) The result of the study on the attention power according to the referees' positions shows a significant difference at the level of p〈.01. 3) The results of the study on the shape of attention power according to the referees' age shows significant differences at the level of p〈.01 in each of BET, BIT, and OIT. 4) The result of the study on the attention power according to the types of the referees' certificates shows a significant difference at the level of p〈.05. 5) The result of the study on the attention power according to the referees' positions shows a significant difference at the level of p〈.01 in BET. 6) The result of the study on the attention power according to the referees' level of concentration skill, divided into the superior, the middle, and the inferior, shows a significant difference at the level of p〈.001. 7) The results of the study on the attention power according to the referees' level of concentration skill, divided into the superior, the middle, and the inferior, shows significant differences at the level of p〈.01 in each of BET, BIT, and OIT and at the level of p〈.05 in NAR. From the results like above, the attention power patterns to be considered for volleyball referees suggest that a attention power pattern is requested with considerations of a factor needed attention in a very active and speedy game situation and a factor concentrating his attention on one affair.

위암수술 환자에서의 cp 개발과 cp적용에 따른 질 향상 활동에 관한 연구

임은주,황순휘,박도중,하광일,배현주,김형호 한국의료QA학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Background : In an era of increasing medical costs, safe reduction in postoperative stay has become a major focus to optimize utilization of healthcare resources. The authors aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the critical pathway(CP) for gastrectomy patients by implementing standardized postoperative management and electronic medical records. Method : From August 2006 to April 2007, critical pathways were introduced to inpatients and outpatients with gastric cancer. 60 consecutive patients undergoing distal gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups; 30 CP group(A) and 30 non-CP group(B). Simultaneously, we also retrospectively reviewed the records of 438 patients(C:control group) who were able to be enrolled in CP program. We compared group(A) with (B), (C) in terms of hospital stay, complication rate, use of antibiotics and hospital costs. Patient satisfaction was surveyed by questionnaires. Result : There was no significant demographic difference between group(A) and (B). Of 30 patients in group(A), 5 drop-outs and 14 variances occurred. The mean postoperative hospital stays(Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy: LADG/Open distal gastrectomy: ODG) were 7.6/10.5 days for the group(A), 8.9/12.7 days for the group(B) and 12.6/14.5 days for the group(C) (p=0.02 in LADG). The total hospital cost of group(A) had a tendency to be less than that of group(B) and the amount of hospital cost per day in group(A) was significantly higher than that in group(B). The usage rates of the first generation antibiotics were 73.33%, 63.33%, and 59.2% in group(A), (B), and (C), respectively. Patients’ satisfaction had a tendency to be higher in the CP group than non-CP group. Conclusion : The mean hospital stay in LADG patients was shortened meaningfully and hospital cost per day was enlarged after introduction of clinical pathway. It is necessary to apply a number of patients to the critical pathway and to make an effort to reduce the variation and drop-out rates.

Natural Toxin의 안전성 평가연구 : Ochratoxin A의 면역독성 Immunotoxicity of ochratoxin A

김주일,한형미,정혜주,김형수,김환묵,정승태,박재현,강선경,김진호 식품의약품안전청 1997 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.1 No.-

Ocllratoxin A는 fenicl'flrium과 rtsr☞rgiffus 속 등의 곰팡of가 생성하는 mycotoxin으로서 세포매기성 및 체액성 면역기능에 슨상을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 OTA가 면역계에 미치는 영향과 OTA의 면역 독성 억제 효과가 있는 물질을 검색하기 위하며 6~7 주령의 Balb/c mice 비장세핀에 T 및 B 세포의 mitogen인 Con A와 LPS로 처리하고 3일간 배양한 후 비장세포의 분화정도를 MTS를 처리하여 관찰하였으며, OTA를 투여한 마우스의 면역장기 형리조직학적 견화를 관찰하였다. 마우스의 비장세포 (2xtD6cel1/rnf)에 OTA(1~6μg/ml)를 상에서 혼합하여 Con A와 LPS로 자극시킨 결과 임파구는 Sfg/mf이상에서 거의 모든 세포가 분화되지 않았다. mice에 OTA (1,5 및 10mg/11g)를 2일 간격으로 6회 복갚 주사한 후 비장세포를 분리하여 Con A와 LPS로 처리한 결과 Smg 투여군에서는 6회 투여 혼에 분화가 억제되었고, 10mg 투여군에서는 3회 및 6회 투여군에서 분화가 억제되었단. Ochratoxin A의 면역독성 억제 효과가 있는 물질을 검색하기 위하여 in vitro 실험에서 마우스의 비장세포 (2×10" cell/mf)에 OTA (3fg/mf)와 L-phenylalanine, indole-3-carbinol, L-ascorbic acid,piroxicaTn, curcumin 및 arethylsalicylic acid를 혼합하고 동일 처리한 결과 L-ascorbic acid, L-phenylala-nine 및 Indole-3-carbinol은 OTA의 면역독성 발현을 운의성 있게 억제하였다. Balt/c mice에 OTA (10mg/kg)와 l'n pifro실험에서 억제효파가 확인된 L-ascorbic acfd, L-phenylalanine 및 indole-3-carbinol을 2일 간격으로 동시에 3회 복강주사하여 관찰한 결과 indote-3-carbine께서 엮제효과를 관찰할수 있었다. Ochratoxin A를 투여할 마우스의 비장 및 홍선에서는 임파구의 빈도가 줄었으며 특히 비장제서는 starry-sky 세포가 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결자로 OTA는 비장세포의 T 및 B 임파구의 분열능을 억제시 키며, 면역장기의 임파구에 손상 야기시키므로서 면역기능을 저하시키고 OTA에 의한 면역독성은 indole-3-carbinol이 경감시킴을 관찰하엿다. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a Tnyeotoxin produced by several fungal species iBcluded the genera fs4pergiffug and f☞HiciHiHuL and known as one of the major environmental contaminants. Tn thepresent study, the effects of OTA on the imraune system and the prevention of the OTA-inducedimmunosuppression by protective agents were studied in Balb/c rnicf:. Splenocytes were isolated and theproliferative responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in thepreseEce of 1 to 6fg/mf OTA. Sfg/mf OTA completely btocked both Con A and LPS-stimulatedmitogenic responses, causing approximately 50% inhibition at 3fe/mf OTA. This suppression of mitogen-induced proliferative resplonses observed id uifro was reproduced in mice treated with ☞rA in rioafntraperitoneal administration of 5, IDmg/kg OTA 3 to etimes every other day significantly decreasedboth Con A- aud LPS-inttuced mitegenic responses. The effects of possible protective agents on theOTA-induced suppression c)』 mitogenic responses were examined both in uifro and in viua Amoag 6 pos-sible protective agents (1,-phenylalanine, L-ascorbic acid, indole-3- carbinol, curcumin, firoxicam,acethylsaricylic acid) employed in the present study, L-phenylalanine (100ff), L-ascorbic acid (100#M) and iBdote-3-carbinel t 10Df) showed significantly protective effects on the OTA-iBduced suppres-sion of mitogenic responses id uifro. Howeuer, when the protective of·fects of these agents were examinedin rr'ua only indole-3-carbinol showed significantly protective respoases. It has been ebserved that Iyin-phatic cell population in thc spleen and thymus was decreased in raice given OTA by hematoBylin-eosinstaining. These data indicate that OTA suppresses the cell-mediated and humoral immune functioBsand this OTA-iBduced supflression of immune functions can he alleviated by indole-3-carbinol.

전압의존성 칼슘채널 α1A 및 α1E subunit 유전자의 사람 염색체 상의 위치 및 흰쥐신경계에서의 발현양상 규명

김현,박수연,서영석,유임주,김형래,박선화 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.2