DVB-S2 기반 고속 LDPC 복호를 위한 효율적인 CNU 계산방식에 관한 연구

임병수,김민혁,정지원,Lim, Byeong-Su,Kim, Min-Hyuk,Jung, Ji-Won 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.9

본 논문은 DVB-S2 기반 고속 LDPC 복호를 하기 위한 효율적인 CNU(Check Node Update) 계산방식에 대해 분석하였다. LDPC의 복호 속도는 CNU 계산 과정에 의존한다. 기존의 CNU 계산방식에서 LUT를 고려한 SP(Sum-Product)방식은 속도가 늦어지는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 SC-NMS(Self-Corrected Normalized Min-Sum) 방식을 제안한다. LUT 연산을 제거한 MS(Min-Sum) 방식에 정규화 계수 '${\alpha}$'를 곱하는 Normalized Min-Sum(NMS) 방식은 MP 방식보다 성능은 약간 감소하지만 critical path를 없애고 클럭 주기를 줄일 수 있어 구현에 있어서 고속화를 위한 효율적인 CNU 계산방식이다. 또한, 복호과정에서 반복 시 이전 반복에서의 엣지 값과 현재 반복에서의 엣지 값을 비교하여 부호가 바뀌면 신뢰성이 없음을 간주하여 현재 엣지에 "0"을 할당하는 SC(Self-Corrected) 방식을 연구하였다. SC-NMS 방식을 적용하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과, SC-NMS 방식은 SP 방식에 비해 0.1dB의 성능열화를 보였지만, 계산의 복잡도와 복호 속도를 고려했을 때, SC-NMS 방식이 최적의 CNU 계산 방식이라는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, efficient CNU(Check Node Update) algorithms are analyzed for high speed LDPC decoding in DVB-S2 standard. In aspect to CNU methods, there are some kinds of CNU methods. Among of them, MP (Min Product) method is quite often used in LDPC decoding. However MP needs LUT (Look Up Table) that is critical path in LDPC decoding speed. A new SC-NMS (Self-Corrected Normalized Min-Sum) method is proposed in the paper. NMS needs only normalized scaling factor instead of LUT and compensates the overestimation of MP approximation. In addition, SC method is proposed. It gives a faster convergence toward a decoded codeword. If a message change its sign between two iterations, it is not reliable and to avoid to propagate noisy information, its module is set to 0. The performance of SC-NMS has a little degrade compare to MP by 0.1 dB, however considering computational complexity and decoding speed, SC-NMS algorithm is optimal method for CNU algorithm.

Antinociceptive profiles and mechanisms of orally administered coumarin in mice.

Park, Soo-Hyun,Sim, Yun-Beom,Kang, Yu-Jung,Kim, Sung-Su,Kim, Chea-Ha,Kim, Su-Jin,Lim, Su-Min,Suh, Hong-Won Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2013 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.36 No.6

<P>In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of coumarin were examined in ICR mice. Coumarin administered orally (from 1 to 10 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner as measured in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Duration of antinociceptive action of coumarin maintained at least for 60 min. But, the cumulative response time of nociceptive behaviors induced by a subcutaneous (s.c.) formalin injection, intrathecal (i.t.) substance P (0.7 ?g) or glutamate (20 ?g) injection was not affected by coumarin. In addition, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intrathecal (i.t.) administration with coumarin (10-40 ?g) attenuated acetic acid-induced writhing response in a dose dependent manner. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by coumarin in the writhing test. Furthermore, i.c.v. or i.t. pretreatment with naloxone (5 ?g) reversed the decreased acetic acid-induced writhing response. However, methysergide (a 5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) or yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by coumarin in the writhing test. Our results suggest that coumarin exerts a selective antinociceptive property in the acetic acid-induced visceral-derived pain model. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect of coumarin may be mediated by activation of central opioid receptors, but not serotonergic and adrenergic receptors.</P>

Hop Extract Produces Antinociception by Acting on Opioid System in Mice

Park, Soo-Hyun,Sim, Yun-Beom,Kang, Yu-Jung,Kim, Sung-Su,Kim, Chea-Ha,Kim, Su-Jin,Seo, Jee-Young,Lim, Su-Min,Suh, Hong-Won The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.3

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of hop extract were characterized in ICR mice. Hop extract administered orally (from 25 to 100 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner as measured in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Antinociceptive action of hop extract was maintained at least for 60 min. Moreover, cumulative response time of nociceptive behaviors induced with intraplantar formalin injection was reduced by hop extract treatment during the 2nd phases. Furthermore, the cumulative nociceptive response time for intrathecal injection of substance P ($0.7{\mu}g$) or glutamate ($20{\mu}g$) was diminished by hop extract. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by hop extract in the writhing test. However, methysergide (a 5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) or yohimbine (an ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by hop extract in the writhing test. Our results suggest that hop extract shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect of hop extract may be mediated by opioidergic receptors, but not serotonergic and ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptors.

하악 유구치 치근단 병소에 의해 변위된 계승 영구치의 맹출유도

양수민,김재곤,백병주,양연미,한지혜 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

적절히 치료받지 못한 유치의 치수 감염은 치근단 주위로 확산되고 그 치근단 병소는 계승 영구치의 조기 맹출, 법랑질의 저형성이나 저석회화, 발육정지 등의 합병증을 야기할 수 있다. 특히 유치의 치근단 감염은 계승치의 변위를 야기할 수 있으며, 계승 영구치배의 위치변화는 선행 유치의 치수변성으로 인한 것이 가장 많다. 본 증례보고는 하악 유구치의 치근단 병소에 의해 계승치가 변위된 경우로서, 증례 1은 하악 우측 유구치 하방의 치근단 낭에 의한 계승치의 변위가 관찰되어 유치 발치 및 조대술을 시행한 후 obturator를 장착하였고, 증례 2는 하악 우측 제2유구치 하방의 치근단 농양에 의한 계승치의 변위가 관찰되어 유치를 발거하고 공간유지장치를 장착하였다. 본 증례를 통하여 하악 유구치 치근단 병소에 의해 계승 영구치가 심한 변위을 나타낸 경우, 적절한 치료를 통해 계승 영구치의 적절한 맹출을 유도할 수 있었기에 보고하는 바이다. Primary teeth and the permanent successor must be understood as interdependent units, where each one of them interacts with and depends upon the other. The spread of pulpal inflammation in primary teeth to the periradicular tissues can lead to early eruption, enamel hypoplasia or hypocalcification, developmental arrest of permanent successor. Also the periapical inflammation cause permanent tooth displacement in various direction. We describe here two clinical cases of displaced permanent successor caused by periapical lesion of mandibular primary molar in children.

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

유아교사 양성과정에서의 서비스러닝 운영 비교 : 한국과 미국의 사례를 중심으로

임민정 박수경 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 2014 교사교육연구 Vol.53 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze service learning programs in early childhood teacher education in Korea and America in order to identify a irection for Korean teacher education. Four service learning courses of two Korean and two American universities were selected and cross-compared. The analysis revealed that the service learning courses of the Korean universities had limited schedules and lacked administrative systems of recruitment,placement, and assessment. For a solution, this study proposed systematic planning for goals and steps in service learning and regulation enforcement of basic operation. In addition, educational values and practical application of service learning were discussed in relation to early childhood teacher ducation. 본 연구의 목적은 한국과 미국의 유아교사 양성과정에서의 서비스러닝 운영 사례를 비교 분석하고 이에 기초하여 한국의 바람직한 서비스러닝의 방향을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국과 미국의 4개 대학 유아교사양성과정의 서비스러닝 실제 운영 사례를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 한국의 서비스러닝은 제도적으로 운영시간이 짧고 참여자 및 체계가 불분명하며 평가가 체계적이지 않은 문제점이 지적되었다. 이를 개선하기 위해 서비스러닝 운영에 대한 목표와 과정을 체계적으로 수립하고 기본적인 규정이 마련되어야함을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 유아교사 양성과정에서의 서비스러닝의 교육적 의미와 현장 활용에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다

The Relationship between the Salivary IgA against Ag I/II of S.mutans and Dental Caries Experience among Children and Adults

임수민,김재곤,백병주,양연미,김수경,이경열 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

치아 우식증은 감염성 질환의 하나로 치아우식의 원인균은 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutansJ와 같은 mutans stepto-cocci로 알려져 있다. S. mutans가 치면에 접착하여 군집을 형성하는 능력은 균독성에 중요한 역할을 하는데. Agl/IT와 같은 세포 표면의 섬유성 단백질을 매개로 한다. Secretory 1gA는 타액이나 누 · 비액, 초유, 그리고 폐나 소화기관의 분비액에서 선택적으로 다량 발견되는데 타액에서 se cretory 19A는 S. mutans의 대사활동을 억제하고 치면으로의 부착을 방해한다. 이전의 몇몇 연구에서 S. mutans에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와 우식경험도는 역상관관계를 보인다고 발표하였다. 그러나 다른 연구에서 통계적 유의성이 없다고 보고하기도 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 소아 성인의 치아우식증과 S. mutans의 Ag I/II에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와의 관계를 알가위한 것이다. 이를 위해 소아(평균6세) 28명, 성인(20-30세) 18명을 대상으로 Group I(deft index ≤ 3). Group II (deft index ≥ 4), Group III (DMFT index ≤ 3), Group IV (DMFT index ≥ 4)로 분류하였다. 그리고 caries resistant group(CR group, deft or DMFT index ≤ 3)과 caries susceptible group(CS group. deft or DMFT index ≥ 4)으로 분류하였다. S. mutans 수와 우식 경험도 간에는 통계적으로 유의 한 상관관계를 나타냈다. Agl/II 특이 salivary IgA titer는 Group III 이 Group II 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 컸으며, CR group이 CS group보다 유의하게 크게 나타났다. AgI/II of Streptococcus muiens(S. mutens) is an important virulence factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of S. mutans-induced dental caries. In oral cavity, salivary IgA antibodies act as safeguards against enormous challenges from oral bacteria. IgA antibodies inhibit adherence of cariogenic microorganisms to hard surfaces. Analysis of salivary IgA against AgI/II can be very useful diagnostic and powerful communication tools to the dental caries The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between salivary AgI/II specific IgA and incidence of dental caries among children and young adults. Subjects consisted of 28 children and 18 adults. They were as￢signed to four groups: Group I (deft index ≤ 3), Group lI (deft index ≥ 4), Group Ill (DMFT index ≤ 3), Group IV (DMFT index ≥ 4) and they was divided two groups into caries resistant group and caries susceptible group. The study group were examined caries activity and their salivary IgA was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results are as follows : 1. There was a positive correlation between the number of S. mutans and caries activity. 2.The titer of salivary IgA against the AgI/II was significantly higher in caries resistant group than caries susceptible group(p<0.01). 3. The titer of salivary IgA against the AgI/II in Group Ill was significantly higher than Group II (p<0.05).

혼합치열기의 miniscrew를 이용한 교정치료

임수민,양연미,김재곤,백병주,이용훈,신정근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment, Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient s cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems, In comparison to adult's bones, children s bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results. 교정치료 시 고정원은 항상 염두에 두면서 치료를 진행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 고정원을 이용한 치료는 환자의 적극적인 협조를 필요로 하고 원하는 치아이동에 대한 반작용이 나타날 수 있는 등의 부작용을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 보다 견고한 구강 내 고정원이 요구되어져 왔으며 이를 위해 miniscrew가 임상에서 흔히 이용되고 있다. Miniscrew를 통한 고정원의 확보는 구외력 의존도 감소,치료기간의 단축,식립 후 즉시 교정력 적용,환자의 협조도 불필요,식립의 간편성,저렴한 비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 성장기 환자는 성인에 비해 골질이 좋지 않아 miniscrew의 성공률이 성인에 비해 낮다. 그러나 일단 고정에 성공하면 많은 교정치료 시 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 흔합치열기 환자를 miniscrew를 이용하여 정중이개 및 정중선 불일치,매복치에 대한 양호한 교정치료를 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

유럽의 웨딩플라워에 대한 역사적 고찰

임수연,이규민 한국화훼연구회 2001 화훼연구 Vol.9 No.2

Flower design has been developed into various way through the ages. Particularly it has been greatly influenced by fashion, social background and so on. According to ancient description, people used flowers far the purpose of medical care or religious things first time and gradually people used flowers as a fragrance and a decoration for women's costumes. There were corsages, headdress, trimming of dresses and various ways to use flowers. And then these things were getting biger and more elaborate, women started to carry bunches of flowers on the wedding scenes which was one of the happiest moment in a life.

디스크형 산화구리 촉매담지 세라믹필터의 제조와 물성

홍민선,문수호,이재춘,이동섭,임우택 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A catalyst with CuO ceramic filter for simultaneous treatment of dust and HAP was prepared and characterized. Catalytic ceramic tilter can not only potentially achieve the substantial savings in energy but provide with effective optimization and integration of process for simultaneous removal of S0₂ㆍ NOx and particulates from flue gases. Catalytic ceramic filters remove simultaneously particulates on exterior surface of filters and reduce NO to N₂and H₂O by SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) process. Preparation of catalyst impregnated ceramic filter with disk shape (Ψ50) follow the processing of alumino-silicate ceramic filter, support impregnation and catalyst impregnation(copper oxide). Preparation routes of alumino-silicate catalyst carrier suitable for production of catalytic filters practically were studied and developed using the sol-gel and colloidal processing, homogeneous precipitation and impregnation method. Characterization of the catalyst, catalyst carrier catalytic filter materials have been performed the using various techniques such as BET, XRD, TGA, SEM. Combination of the sol-gel and colloidal processing and impregnation method is recommended to prepare catalyst carriers economically for catalytic filter applications.