[지역보도 부문/기획보도_제94회 이달의 방송기자상] 무엇이 그들의 손발을 잘랐는가?

임병수 (사)방송기자연합회 2016 방송기자 Vol.32 No.-

KANT의 認識論에 관한 考察

林炳秀 陸軍士官學校 1976 한국군사학논집 Vol.15 No.-

The fundamental problem for Kant is the problem of knowledge; what is genuine knowledge? and how is it possible to attain it? In order to answer these questions, Kant had to examine human reason, or subject it to criticism. Kant claims that scientific knowledge consists of synthetic a priori judgements and such certainty is possessed only by synthetic a priori judgements. For him, then, the problem is; How are synthetic a priori judgements possible in mathematics, in natural science? To answer this question, we must examine the organ of knowledge. According to kant, we might as well distinguish between sensibility and understanding. Knowledge would be impossible without considering perception or sensibility on the one hand, and thinking  or understanding on the other. "Percepts and concepts constitute the elements of all our knowledge. For percepts without concepts are blind, concepts without percepts are empty." Kant maintains that the two conditions, space and time, are necessary for intuiting all objects of experience. Space and time are not realities or things existing for themselves. nor are they qualities or relations belonging to things as such. They are a priori forms of sense perception or sensibility; hence they have validity only when applied to perceived things, to appearances or phenomena, not when applied to things-in-themselves(ding an sich). We cannot apply them beyond the world of our experience-which is the limits of human knowledge.

고객만족의 재개념화를 위한 기초연구

임병수 한국전략마케팅학회 1993 마케팅논집 Vol.3 No.1

당뇨황반부종에서 0.1% 브롬페낙 점안액의 효과

임병수,조연우,원재연 대한안과학회 2020 대한안과학회지 Vol.61 No.11

Purpose: The short-term outcomes of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with 0.1% Bromfenac eyedrops were evaluated. Methods: We included 14 eyes of 14 patients diagnosed with persistent macular edema after intravitreal bevacizumab injection to treat DME. Bromfenac sodium hydrate 0.9 mg/mL eyedrops were administered to the affected eye twice daily for 3 months. The best corrected visual acuity (BVCA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured before treatment and at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment. We noted no adverse drug reaction such as corneal toxicity. Results: After 2 months of intravitreal bevacizumab and before Bromfenac eyedrops treatment, the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA and the CMT were 0.40 ± 0.29 and 337 ± 97.3 μm, respectively. The logMAR BCVA decreased from 0.40 ± 0.29 to 0.39 ± 0.29 after 1 month, to 0.38 ± 0.24 after 2 months, and to 0.34 ± 0.21 after 3 months of Bromfenac treatment, but statistical significance was not attained (p = 0.93, p = 0.62, and p = 0.36 respectively). The CMT improved significantly from 337 ± 97.3 μm to 331 ± 67.9 μm after 1 month, 311 ± 89.1 μm after 2 months, and 282.9 ± 76.7 μm after 3 months (p = 0.47, p = 0.08, and p = 0.04, respectively). Treatment was well-tolerated; we noted no topical or systemic side-effect. Conclusions: Topical bromfenac may play a useful role in terms of reducing DME. 목적: 당뇨황반부종에서 0.1% 브롬페낙 점안액의 치료 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 유리체내 베바시주맙 주사 후에도 지속되는 당뇨황반부종에 1일 2회 0.1% 브롬페낙 점안액 치료를 받은 14명(14안)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 브롬페낙 치료 전, 치료 후 1개월, 2개월, 3개월의 중심황반두께와 최대교정시력의 변화를 관찰하였다. 각막독성 등의 이상 반응 발생 여부도 확인하였다. 결과: 브롬페낙 치료 전 평균 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 시력은 0.40 ± 0.29였고, 중심황반두께는 337.0 ± 97.3 μm였다. 브롬페낙 치료 후 평균 시력은 1개월 0.39 ± 0.29, 2개월 0.38 ± 0.24, 3개월 0.34 ± 0.21로 통계적으로 유의한 호전을 보이지는 않았다(p=0.93, p=0.62, p=0.36). 평균 중심황반두께는 치료 후 1개월 331.4 ± 67.9 μm, 2개월 311.7 ± 89.1 μm, 3개월 282.9 ± 76.7 μm로 브롬페낙 치료 후 3개월째에 통계적으로 유의한 호전을 보였다(p=0.47, p=0.08, p=0.04). 연구 기간 동안브롬페낙 점안액으로 인해 부작용을 호소하거나 약제 사용을 중단한 사례는 없었다. 결론: 0.1% 브롬페낙 점안액은 당뇨황반부종에서 황반부종을 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.

DVB-S2 기반 고속 LDPC 복호를 위한 효율적인 CNU 계산방식에 관한 연구

임병수,김민혁,정지원,Lim, Byeong-Su,Kim, Min-Hyuk,Jung, Ji-Won 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.9

본 논문은 DVB-S2 기반 고속 LDPC 복호를 하기 위한 효율적인 CNU(Check Node Update) 계산방식에 대해 분석하였다. LDPC의 복호 속도는 CNU 계산 과정에 의존한다. 기존의 CNU 계산방식에서 LUT를 고려한 SP(Sum-Product)방식은 속도가 늦어지는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 SC-NMS(Self-Corrected Normalized Min-Sum) 방식을 제안한다. LUT 연산을 제거한 MS(Min-Sum) 방식에 정규화 계수 '${\alpha}$'를 곱하는 Normalized Min-Sum(NMS) 방식은 MP 방식보다 성능은 약간 감소하지만 critical path를 없애고 클럭 주기를 줄일 수 있어 구현에 있어서 고속화를 위한 효율적인 CNU 계산방식이다. 또한, 복호과정에서 반복 시 이전 반복에서의 엣지 값과 현재 반복에서의 엣지 값을 비교하여 부호가 바뀌면 신뢰성이 없음을 간주하여 현재 엣지에 "0"을 할당하는 SC(Self-Corrected) 방식을 연구하였다. SC-NMS 방식을 적용하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과, SC-NMS 방식은 SP 방식에 비해 0.1dB의 성능열화를 보였지만, 계산의 복잡도와 복호 속도를 고려했을 때, SC-NMS 방식이 최적의 CNU 계산 방식이라는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, efficient CNU(Check Node Update) algorithms are analyzed for high speed LDPC decoding in DVB-S2 standard. In aspect to CNU methods, there are some kinds of CNU methods. Among of them, MP (Min Product) method is quite often used in LDPC decoding. However MP needs LUT (Look Up Table) that is critical path in LDPC decoding speed. A new SC-NMS (Self-Corrected Normalized Min-Sum) method is proposed in the paper. NMS needs only normalized scaling factor instead of LUT and compensates the overestimation of MP approximation. In addition, SC method is proposed. It gives a faster convergence toward a decoded codeword. If a message change its sign between two iterations, it is not reliable and to avoid to propagate noisy information, its module is set to 0. The performance of SC-NMS has a little degrade compare to MP by 0.1 dB, however considering computational complexity and decoding speed, SC-NMS algorithm is optimal method for CNU algorithm.

DVB-S2 기반 고속 LDPC 복호를 위한 Horizontal Shuffle Scheduling 방식에 관한 연구

임병수,김민혁,정지원,Lim, Byeong-Su,Kim, Min-Hyuk,Jung, Ji-Won 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.10

DVB-S2에 적용되는 Shannon의 채널 용량 한계에 근접한 LDPC 부호는 복호화의 낮은 복잡도와 좋은 거리 특성으로 오류마루 현상인 나타나지 않고, 완성 병렬 처리가 가능하다. 하지만 구현상에 있어서 큰 블록 사이즈 및 많은 반복 횟수 때문에 복호과정에서 고속화가 어렵다. 이에 본 논문에서는 HSS(Horizontal Shuffle Scheduling) 방식을 연구하여 최적의 반복횟수를 제시한다. 고속 복호를 위한 복호과정의 한 방법으로 HSS 방식은 체크 노드를 중심으로 체크 노드가 업데이트 되는 과정에서 비트 노드도 같이 업데이트 되기 때문에 한 번의 반복이 끝났을 때 비트노드는 여러 번 반복한 효과를 가지게 된다. 결국 기존에 제시된 반복횟수보다 HSS 방식을 적용하였을 때 더 적은 반복 횟수로 동일한 성능을 얻을 수 있다. HSS 방식을 적용하여 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 각각의 부호화율에서 동일한 성능으로 최소 30% ~ 최대 50% 만큼 반복횟수를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다. DVB-S2 employs LDPC codes which approach to the Shannon's limit, since it has characteristics of a good distance, error floor does not appear. Furthermore it is possible to processes full parallel processing. However, it is very difficult to high speed decoding because of a large block size and number of many iterations. This paper present HSS algorithm to reduce the iteration numbers without performance degradation. In the flooding scheme, the decoder waits until all the check-to-variable messages are updated at all parity check nodes before computing the variable metric and updating the variable-to-check messages. The HSS algorithm is to update the variable metric on a check by check basis in the same way as one code draws benefit from the other. Eventually, LDPC decoding speed based on HSS algorithm improved 30% ~50% compared to conventional one without performance degradation.

PTAW법에 의한 Al 합금 표면의 후막경화층 형성에 관한 연구

임병수,김봉수,오세훈,황선효,서창제 대한용접접합학회 1997 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study is to improve the wear resistance and hardness of Al alloy by making a formation of the thick surface hardening layers. The thick surface hardening layers were formed by PTAW(Plasma Transferred Arc Welding), with the addition of metal powders (Cu), ceramics powders (NbC, TiC), and mixture powders (Cu+NbC) in Al alloy (A1050, A5083). Mechanical properties of overlaid layers (wear resistance, hardness) were investigated in relation to the microstructure. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The depth of penetration was increased with increasing powder feeding rate. It is considered that these increase were due to the thermal pinch effect by the addition of powders, especially, for the Cu powders, were due to the heat of reaction with the matrix. The hardness and wear resistance of overlaid layers were improved with increasing powder feeding rate. For the Cu powders, it is considered that these increase were due to the increase of the formation of ${\theta}(CuAl_2)$ phase with increasing feeding rate of Cu powers.

Plasma Transferred Arc 오버레이법에 의한 Al 합금 표면층의 복합기능화에 관한 연구

임병수,황선효,서창제 대한용접접합학회 1999 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.17 No.5

The objective of this research was to study the formation of the thick hardened layer with the addition of metal powder(Cu) and ceramics powders(TiC) on the aluminum 5083 alloys by plasma transferred arc process(PTA process) and to characterize the effect of overlaying conditions on the overlaid layer formation. This was followed by investigating the microstructures of the overlaid layers and mechanical properties such as hardness and wear resistance. The overlaid layer containing copper powder was alloyed and intermetallic compound($CuAl_2$) was formed. The overlaid layers with high melting point TiC powders, however, did not react with base metal. Wear resistance of the alloyed layer was remarkably improved by the formation of $CuAl_2$, precipitate phase, which prevented wear of base aluminum alloys and at higher wear speed, accelerated sliding of the counter part. Wear resistance of the composite layer was also remarkably improved because TiC powder act as a load barring element and Fe debris fragments detached from the counter part act as a solid lubricant on the contact surface.

Ti 및 Ti계 세라믹스에 의한 Al합금의 표면복합합금화

임병수,문정훈,서창제 대한용접접합학회 1995 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Plasma Transferred arc(PTA) hard facing process has been developed to obtain an overlay weld metal having excellent wear resistance. The effect of Ti, TiSi$_{2}$ and TiC powders addition on the surface of Aluminum alloy 5083 has been investigated with PTA process. This paper describes the result of test the performance of the overlay weld metal. The result can be summarized as follows 1. Intermetallic compound is formed on surface of base metal in Ti or TiSi$_{2}$ powder but the reaction with surface of base metal is little seen in TiC powder. 2. In formation of composite layer on aluminum alloy surface by plasma transferred arc welding process, high melting ceramics like TiC powder is excellent. 3. The multipass welding process is available for formation of high density of powder. But the more number of pass, the less effect of powder, it is considered, and limits of number of pass. 4. By increasing area fraction of TiC powder on Al alloy surface, in especially TiC powder the hardness increase more than 40% area fraction and 88% shows about Hv 700.

Boehmite Gel Coating법에 의한 Kaolin으로부터 Mullite의 합성 및 그 특성

임병수,김인섭 한국결정학회 1997 韓國結晶學會誌 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 fine ceramics의 합성법을 traditional ceramics의 합성에 적용하는 연구의 일환으로 내화재료용 mullite합성법을 개발하고자 한다. 출발원료로는 알루미나 함량이 높은 하동 kaolin 과 boehmite를 사용하였으며 합성법은 gel coating법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 1350℃에서 미반응 silica와 corundum이 존재하지 않는 단일상의 mullite를 합성할 수 있었으며 1700℃로 소성한 분말의 경우 mullite 생성율은 80%로 나타났다. 이 때 부피비중은 2.56, 흡수율은 1.9%, 상온꺽임강도는 169 MPa의 값을 나타내어 우수한 내화재료로의 활용이 가능하다고 생각된다. In order to apply synthesis technique of the high purity ceramic powder to the traditional ceramic powder, mullite powder which is widly used for refractory materials was synthesized. Boehmite and Hadong kaolin with high alumina content were used as starting materials and gel coating method was tried to produce the mullite powder. As a result, the mullite powder of high quality was successfully obtained at 1350℃. The unreacted silica and cornudum were not observed in the synthesized mullite powder, mullite content was more than 80% when the starting materials were sintered at 1700℃. Their properties showed bulk specific gravity of 2.56, water absorption of 1.9%, and 3-point flexual strength of 169 MPa. It is thought that that their good properties are applicable to refractory materials of high quality.