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The effect of Russia’s economic crisis and import ban on its agricultural and food sector
William M Liefert,Olga Liefert,Ralph Seeley,Tani Lee 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2019 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.10 No.2
This article examines how Russia’s economic crisis and ban on agricultural imports from the United States and other Western countries that began in 2014 have impacted its agricultural and food sector. The import ban was a Russian response to geopolitical tension with the West stemming from the country’s conflict with Ukraine, while the main cause of the economic crisis was a plunge in world oil prices. Given that the bulk of Russia’s export earnings come from oil and other energy products, the oil price decline triggered a major depreciation of the ruble against the US dollar and other major currencies. Ruble depreciation and the import ban have affected Russian consumers by reducing Russia’s imports of agricultural and food products, substantially raising food prices, and lowering consumption. However, the country’s basic food availability has not been threatened. By increasing domestic prices, the depreciation and import ban have stimulated agricultural production. The added output has reduced meat imports and raised grain exports. Russian meat imports in 2014–2016 (average annual) were about 40% lower compared to 2011–2013, while grain exports in 2014–2016 were 50% higher than in 2011–2013 (though production-enhancing favorable weather was also a cause).
Control of inflammation by stromal Hedgehog pathway activation restrains colitis
Lee, John J.,Rothenberg, Michael E.,Seeley, E. Scott,Zimdahl, Bryan,Kawano, Sally,Lu, Wan-Jin,Shin, Kunyoo,Sakata-Kato, Tomoyo,Chen, James K.,Diehn, Maximilian,Clarke, Michael F.,Beachy, Philip A. National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.47
<P>Inflammation disrupts tissue architecture and function, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases; the signals that promote or restrict tissue inflammation thus represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we report that genetic or pharmacologic Hedgehog pathway inhibition intensifies colon inflammation (colitis) in mice. Conversely, genetic augmentation of Hedgehog response and systemic small-molecule Hedgehog pathway activation potently ameliorate colitis and restrain initiation and progression of colitis-induced adenocarcinoma. Within the colon, the Hedgehog protein signal does not act directly on the epithelium itself, but on underlying stromal cells to induce expression of IL-10, an immune-modulatory cytokine long known to suppress inflammatory intestinal damage. IL-10 function is required for the full protective effect of small-molecule Hedgehog pathway activation in colitis; this pharmacologic augmentation of Hedgehog pathway activity and stromal IL-10 expression are associated with increased presence of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. We thus identify stromal cells as cellular coordinators of colon inflammation and suggest their pharmacologic manipulation as a potential means to treat colitis.</P>
Reg3γ: current understanding and future therapeutic opportunities in metabolic disease
Shin Jae Hoon,Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda,Seeley Randy J. 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Regenerating family member gamma, Reg3γ (the mouse homolog of human REG3A), belonging to the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), functions as a part of the host immune system to maintain spatial segregation between the gut bacteria and the host in the intestine via bactericidal activity. There is emerging evidence that gut manipulations such as bariatric surgery, dietary supplementation or drug treatment to produce metabolic benefits alter the gut microbiome. In addition to changes in a wide range of gut hormones, these gut manipulations also induce the expression of Reg3γ in the intestine. Studies over the past decades have revealed that Reg3γ not only plays a role in the gut lumen but can also contribute to host physiology through interaction with the gut microbiota. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the biology of Reg3γ, its role in various metabolic functions, and new opportunities for therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic disorders.
김은주,오은혜,김기태,정유리,이정희,이재혁,이영민,김성장,신진홍,이명준,안재우,성 석,정대수,William W. Seeley,허기영,최경운,신명준 대한신경과학회 2015 대한신경과학회지 Vol.33 No.3
Approximately 15% of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have co-occurring motor neuron disease (MND). FTD-MND cases have frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)–transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP) pathology, which is divided into four subtypes (types A, B, C, and D) based on the morphological appearance, cellular location, and distribution of the abnormal TDP inclusions and dystrophic neurites. We report a patient with FTD-MND whose pathological diagnosis was FTLD-TDP type B. This is the first documented autopsy-confirmed case of FTD-MND in Korea.
피질기저핵변성으로 확진된 행동장애형 전두측두엽치매의 부검증례
김은주,박승하,이정희,이재혁,이영민,김성장,신진홍,신명준,이명준,안재우,성 석,박도윤,정대수,William W. Seeley,허기영 대한신경과학회 2015 대한신경과학회지 Vol.33 No.3
A 63-year-old man presented with a 1.5-year history of progressive personality changes. Clinical evaluations revealed severe frontal dysfunction and bilateral frontal atrophy/glucose hypometabolism. He was diagnosed as probable behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. He continued to decline, and died at the age of 66. At autopsy, numerous tau-positive gilial threads and coiled bodies were observed in the white matter. Tau-positive astrocytic plaques and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were also seen in cerebral cortices, which were compatible with corticobasal degeneration.
The Brain Donation Program in South Korea
김예신,서연림,김승주,배문환,김재범,김윤아,최경찬,허기영,김은주,이중석,강현욱,심성미,임현정,고영호,김병채,이경화,이민철,이호원,임태성,William W. Seeley,김희진,나덕렬,이경훈,서상원 연세대학교의과대학 2018 Yonsei medical journal Vol.59 No.10
Purpose: Obtaining brain tissue is critical to definite diagnosis and to furthering understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. The present authors have maintained the National Neuropathology Reference and Diagnostic Laboratories for Dementia in South Korea since 2016. We have built a nationwide brain bank network and are collecting brain tissues from patients with neurodegenerativediseases. We are aiming to facilitate analyses of clinic-pathological and image-pathological correlations of neurodegenerativedisease and to broaden understanding thereof. Materials and Methods: We recruited participants through two routes: from memory clinics and the community. As a baseline evaluation, clinical interviews, a neurological examination, laboratory tests, neuropsychological tests, and MRI were undertaken. Some patients also underwent amyloid PET. Results: We recruited 105 participants, 70 from clinics and 35 from the community. Among them, 11 died and were autopsied. The clinical diagnoses of the autopsied patients included four with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), two with subcortical vascular dementia,two with non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia, one with leukoencephalopathy, one with frontotemporal dementia(FTD), and one with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Five patients underwent amyloid PET: two with AD, one with mixed dementia, one with FTD, and one with CJD. Conclusion: The clinical and neuropathological information to be obtained from this cohort in the future will provide a deeper understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in Asia, especially Korea.