대학생의 노인복지에 대한 인식도

차병준,김무룡,김기열,차경미,김귀희,김현실,서인선,임상규,이순자,위광복,남철현 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1999 保健福祉硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp the change of consciousness of young people in order to seek new approach of policy for aged era. 1,200 students attending collages and universities in three small or medium sized cities were inquired for 2 months, from October 1 to November 30, 1996. The result is as follows. 1. The characteristic of the respondents of this survey is that they include 72.1% of women, 40.4% of people aged between 20 to 21, and 49.1% of people who do not have any religion. Those who are from big cities and those who are form farming villages or fishing village occupy equally 40.2%, those who reside in that cities for a long period 49.0%, and those who live with their family 60.9%. 2. The family feature of the subject is that 31.5% of them are those whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, 10% of them are those whose mothers age is so, 33.1% of them have 5 family members, 29.5% of them have the family income of 1,000,000 to 1,490,000 won, 83.9% of them are from middle class, 47.7% of them are the people whose grand parents have passed away, 70.4% of them live apart from their grand parents, and 60.9% of them are second child. 3. 64.0% of males, 70% of respondents who are aged over 24, 58.1% of respondents who are from rural communities, 62.4% of respondents who live in rural area, and 58.3% of respondents who live alone, prefer to live with grand parents, marked higher rate than other groups. The groups whose father and mother are the age of more than 55 marked higher rate of 55.9% and 58% each than any other groups(p<0.05). The groups whose family member is less than three, whose grand parents both have passed away in middle class, who live with their grand parents, and who are second children, give more positive answers than any other groups. 4. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from rural area or live in rural area, whose family is small, whose family income is small, who are from lower class and whose grand parents are still alive, shows preference to support their parents after marriage. 5. Females(89.4%), those who are from small or medium sized cities(89%), who live with their family(85.6%), whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, whose mother is the age of 54 and less than 54, whose family member is 6, who are from middle class, whose grandparents are still alive and who are the eldest child in their family, give more response that they prefer to live apart from their children in their old age than any other groups. 6. What elderly people need most right now is past time(42.3%), and the respondents whose age is 20 to 21, who are buddhists, who are from middle sized cities and live alone, whose parents are the age of more than 55, who have small family income, who live with their grand parents and who are second children show higher level than any other groups. 7. 76.8% of respondents answer that they do not need their parent's fortune, marked still higher rate than the opposite answer. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from big cities, who reside in rural area, who live alone and have smaller family, who are in bad family economic conditions and who live with grand parents present higher rate of positive response. 8. 59.3% of respondents reply that they think about death from time to time, and those who are female, who are in the age of 20 to 21, who are christian, who live with their family, whose siblings or other family members offer their education expenses show higher rate than any other groups. 9. 92.3% of respondents answer that the budget for welfare facility for elderly people is very small. The younger the respondents are and the worse economic condition they have among those who live in big cities, the more answered that. 10. 50% of respondents think social security should provide for their old age, and 42.8% of them believe they themselves provide against it. The respondence that social security ought provide for it appeared more among those whose age are over 24, who are female, who reside in rural area, who are christian, who are in bad economic condition, and who ever used medical institutions in recent one month, marked higher level than other groups. 11. The adequate time of retirement is 59.97±5.60 for public officers, the highest and 59.28±6.35 for teachers, the next. 12. 35.2% of respondents reply that the adequate budget for the old age after their retirement at the age of 60 is 220 million won, showed the highest level of respondence. 13. The factors which affect on the old people in the charged welfare facilities are sex(p<0.01), the type of housing(p<0.05) and whole family income(p<0.05). 14. The factors which affect on remarriage are sex(p<0.05) and religion(p<0.05). For varying old population and expanded welfare service for them, government and relevant authority should give more attention to secure the budget, establish effective plans to expand various program and the facilities for elderly people in order that elderly people spend the rest of life time more happily and more fruitfully. To do that, each college and university should open Health courses, and educate and inform about health and welfare.

방송을 통해 표출된 김건모 노래가사의 신화와 이데올로기

백선기(Seon-gi Baek),김남일(Nam-il Kim) 사이버커뮤니케이션학회 2006 사이버 커뮤니케이션 학보 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 1990년대 이후 한국 대중음악에서 큰 상업적 성공을 거두었으면서도 학문적으로는 소외되어 온 대중가수 김건모의 가요 가사 텍스트에서 ‘남성성’이 어떻게 재현되는지를 기호학적 분석 방법에 의해 검토한다. ‘김건모’는 1992년 방송을 통해 데뷔하여 대중성을 획득하였고, 이를 기반으로 해서 인터넷의 급격한 보급으로 인해 대중음악의 중요한 통로였던 방송의 영향력이 약화된 후에도 꾸준한 활동을 해 왔다. 연구결과 활동 초기의 텍스트에는 한국사회의 전통적인 가부장적 남성성이 다수 표출되고 있으나, 90년대 후반으로 들어서면서 사회문회적 변화를 반영한 ‘허여적 남성성’이 대폭 증가되어 표출되고 있다는 사실을 밝혀냈다. 또한 가사 텍스트는 주로 ‘남녀간의 사랑’을 주제로 하고 있고, ‘사랑’에서도 이별이나 그리움을 주로 다루고 있어 기존연구와 맥을 같이하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 ‘허여적 남성성’의 다수 표출 현상을 한국 사회의 전통적인 ‘가부장적 남성성’의 근본적인 변화로 보기는 어렵고, 단지 급변하는 현실에 적응 해가는 과정에서 성(gender) 정체성의 위기를 겪는 과정이자, 기존의 남성 정체성이 흔들려 현실에 적응하지 못하는 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 대중가요는 일반대중들의 삶에 편재되어 있으므로, 수용자들이 능동적으로 ‘즐기는’ 신체를 통해서 드러나고, 나아가 일상의 삶을 구성한다. 따라서 대중가요의 영향력은 매우 크며, 이를 통해 전달되는 ‘남성성’에 관한 신화와 이데올로기의 파급 효과는 사람들의 일상의 삶을 규정한다고 볼 수 있다. 현재 대중문화 영역 전반에 걸쳐 성 정체성과 관련된 담론의 다양한 표출 현상은 주목할 만한 변화로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 대중문화에서 성 평등 개념의 중요성과 인식의 전환에 대한 논의가 확장 될 것으로 본다. The goal of this paper is that figure and analysis the representing "Masculinity" among the Korean Popular Music on the tool of Semiotics. The author especially chooses, the Korean Pop Artist, Gun-Mo Kim who was the most famous at time of the mid and late 1990s. He had been almost success; however, he has never gotten the right estimation at the world of academic. He gained popularity since his first exposure on TV in 1992. He has been singing even after the rapid spread of the internet made the power of broadcasting weakened when the broadcasting was the important pathway of the popular music. At the result, Kim's early lyrics has a 'patriarch' masculinity, which is the something hegemonic icon of typical Korean costume, however, his late lyrics has a 'gift' masculinity. It could be more ex-plained possibly that the Korean Cultural Society has gradually changed since the late 1990s. In short, the text of Kim's lyrics which has the main issue is all about LOVE. That theme also consists of 'Do Affects' and 'Do Break-Ups'. This is the most common flow among the rest of Korean Popular Songs. Either, it could be hardly say that changed a 'gift and gift' masculinity instead of a 'patriarch' masculinity in the Korean Society. It does not mean that the BASIC has changed. That could be mere processing through of adjusting the present and fixing the gender issue. Nowadays, the world is so changing fast and ever than we think. So, that is too, the lyrics have shown the brake and waver of the image of masculine. The lyrics of songs are alive into the people's life. Sometimes, it could be touching and moving itself. The audiences surely enjoy that the moment through their body and soul. That must be remain and reinforce of them. The discourse which is related of the Gender Identity has shown every genre. It is the POINT. The author wants to discuss and debate more and more of it in the academic area. Of course, it is about the concepts of Gender Equality and Radical Paradigm. This is so important. And also it would hardly calculate that Music influence the people's life. They convey people a new thought, and a new issue so gently and naturally. It could be anything that something like Myth and Ideology about Masculinity and so on. Right now, it runs through of it.

도시공원녹지의 계절별 토양특성이 곰솔의 생육에 미치는 영향

김석규,박승범,남정칠,김승환,이기철 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study is to clarify correlations between soil environments and the growth of trees in urban park and green areas and thereon analyze effects of seasonal changes in such environments on such growth. To determine seasonal factors of soil affecting the vitality of Pinus thunbergii, first of all, the study designated the vitality as a dependent variable and soil hardness, moisture, pH, K, Na, Mg and Ca as independent variables. Then the study performed Pearson's coefficient analysis. Based on findings from the analysis, the multiple regression analysis were carried out. The result of the study can be described as below; When correlations between the independent and dependent variables were examined using Pearson's correlation analysis, it wa found that the vitality, soil hardness, K, Na, Mg and Ca were significant at the level of 5%. Among those significant variables, the vitality and Mg were most correlated with the coefficient of 0.415, while K and Mg were least correlated with that of -0.235. Considering findings from the coefficient analysis, this researcher performed multiple regression analysis to determine soil factors influencing the growth of Pinus thunbergii. As a result. it was found that the growth was most influenced by Mg, followed by soil hardness and Ca in order. To clarity what soil factors influence the growth of Pinus thunbergii in spring, the researcher carried out multiple regress ion analysis to find that the growth was most influenced by pH. followed by soil hardness. Then the researcher applied multiple regression analysis to determine soil factors influencing the growth mentioned above in summer. The analysis showed that no soil factors affected the vitality at the significance level of 5% for t. Concerning relative importance based on the standard regressive coefficients, or β, K had the coefficient of 0.437 suggesting it was relatively more influential comparing to the other independent variables. Soil factors which influence the growth of Pinus thunbergii in fall were determined through multiple regressive analysis to find that the growth was influenced by soil hardness in the same season. Also such factors as affecting the growth mentioned above in winter were clarified using multiple regressive analysis to show that the growth was most influenced by soil hardness, followed by Mg, pH and Ca in order. In conclusion soil hardness had effects on the growth of Pinus thunbergii throughout four seasons except summer. Thus soil hardness is the most important factor for the growth of Pinus thunbergii. 본 연구는 도시공원녹지의 토양환경과 수목생육과의 상관관계를 구명하고, 계절별 토양 특성의 변화가 수목의 생육에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 곰솔의 수목활력 도에 영향을 미치는 계절별 토양인자를 알아보기 위하여 수목활력 도를 종속변수로 지정 하고 토양경도, 토양수분함량, 토양 pH , K, Na, Mg,Ca함량을 독립변수로 지정하여 Pearson 상관 분석을 수행한 후, 그 결과를 이용하여 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 각 변수들 간의 Pearson 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 유의확률 값 5%수준에서 유의한 변수는 수목활력도와 토양경도, K, Na, Mg Ca로 나타났다. 유의한 변수들 중 에서 수목활력도와 Mg가 상관계수 0.415로서 상관성 이 높게 나타났고 K와 Mg가 상관계수 - 0.235 로 상관성이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 2) 상관분석 결과를 바탕으로 곰솔의 생육에 미치는 조사지의 토양인자를 알아보기 위해 다중 회귀 분석한 결과, 경도, Mg, Ca가 수목활력 도에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단할 수 있었으며, 곰솔의 생육에 영향을 미치는 토양인자는 Mg, 토양경도, Ca 순으로 나타났다. 3) 곰솔의 생육에 영향을 미치는 봄철의 토양특성은 pH, 토양경도 순으로 나타났고, 곰솔의 생육에 영향을 미치는 여름철의 토양 특성은 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 곰솔의 생육에 영향을 미치는 가을 철 의 토양특성은 토양경도로 나타났고, 곰솔의 생육에 영향을 미치는 겨울철의 토양특성은 토양경도, Mg,pH, Ca 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과, 곰솔의 생육에 영향을 미치는 토양특성 중에서 토양경도는 여름을 제외한 모든 계절에 영향을 미치는 중요한 토양인자로 나타났다.

古紙廢水의 生物學的 處理時 處理效率과 適定 運營에 關한 硏究

金煥起,鄭正朝,朴仁淑,鄭南朝 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was carried out to estimate the efficiency of treatment and proper management of wastewater treaterment plant in biological treatment of old paper mill wastewater. In this study, the F/M ratio was changed 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4, HRT and temperature were changed 12hr, 24hr, 48hr, 72hr and 20℃, 26℃, 30℃ respectively. 1. By case of the F/M ratio, the range of COD result was 83%∼85% and the SS result was 82%∼93% in the efficiency of treatment when the F/M ratio was changed from 0.1 to 0.4 and the HRT was 48hr. Therefore, the efficency of treatment of COD and SS was little influenced by the change of F/M ratio. 2. And in the change of hydraulic retention time(HRT) when the HRT was changed as 0hr, 12hr, 24hr, 48hr and 72hr, the efficiency of treatment was upgraded as the term of HRT. 3. In the case of temperature, when the condition of inside of the reactor was changed from 20 ℃ to 32 ℃, the efficiency of the COD and SS was moved up. 4. Because the COD is 130 ㎎/ℓ and the SS is 120 ㎎/ℓ as the standard of applied wastewater discharge, in the condition of old paper mill was wastewater plant of 20℃ the hydraulic retention time of 48hr is suitable. In the case of 26℃ and 32℃ the HRT of 24hr is proper.

물리치료사들의 대체의료에 관한 인식도 조사

김영희,김기열,배주환,김상수,남철현 경산대학교 보건복지연구소 2000 保健福祉硏究 Vol.5 No.-

This study was conducted to examine physical therapists' awareness of alternative medicine and their treatment. 250 physical therapists who were working in Daegu were selected as subjects of this study. Data were collected from February 21, 2000 to March 31, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. Among 218 respondents, 72.7% of them directly experienced alternative medicine. According to general characteristics of the respondents, 79.0% of them who were in thirties had experiences in alternative medicine. 83.3% of the respondents who had worked for above twenty years experienced alternative medicine and 90.0% of the respondents who were working in Oriental medical clinics had experiences in it. 79.8% of the respondents who had been married experienced alternative medicine and 88.4% of them who were Buddhists had experience in it. 2. The sources of information on alternative medicine were newspapers and broadcast (22.9%), seminars of related associations (22.5%), and Books (20.0%). 3. The respondents experienced alternative medicine for the purpose of treating their chronic diseases (67.0%), improving their energy and quality of life (20.5%), and improving their weak physical constitution (13.4%). 4. According to the respondents' trust in alternative medicine, 40.8% of them trusted chiropractic, while 25.2% of them trusted massage and finger-pressure therapy. 19.7% of them trusted taping therapy and 15.1% of them trusted sports massage. 5. 67.0% of the respondents treated patients by alter native medicine in the hospitals and clinics. In the case of treatment methods by alternative medicine, 35.3% of them gave patients the massage and finger-pressure. 33.0% of them adopted taping therapy and 24.3% of them tried to treat patients by chiropractic. 17.0% of them applied moxacautery, while 15.1% of them gave patients the sports massage. 6. The respondents adopted alternative medicine to treat following diseases: lumbago (57.5%), shoulder pain (51.8%), sciatica (39.9%), arthritis (36.2%), headache (31.1%), hypertension (24.3%), diseases of the peripheral nervous system (22.4%), diseases of digestive organ (14.6%), insomnia (12.3%), obesity (8.7%), stroke (5.5%), allergy and skin diseases (4.1%), cystitis (3.6%). 7. According to their motives of concern about alternative medicine, 59.1% of them were interested in it because they expected additional effect which could be obtained from it in parallel with Western medicine. 16.7% of them were concerned about alternative medicine because they lacked ability to solve patients' clinical problems, while 15.3% of them were interested in it because they acknowledged the effect of it. 8.9% of them had interest in alternative medicine because they were dissatisfied with medical and scientific approach of Western medicine. 8. 73.4% of the respondents thought that alternative medicine needed to be introduced in the college/university curriculum

W치환 2205 이상 스테인리스강의 크리프 특성 평가에 관한 연구

김기엽,최병호,남기우,안용식 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.1

22Cr-5Ni 2상 스테인리스강의 합금원소 중 몰리브덴(Mo) 원소를 텅스텐(W)으로 치환하여 크리프거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 크리프시험은 600℃와 650℃의 온도에서 실시하였다. 650℃ 크리프 시에는 취약한 금속간화합물인 σ상이 석출하였으며 이것은 크리프수명을 급격히 감소시키는 역할을 하였다. Mo에 대한 W원소의 치환은 일반적으로 σ상의 석출을 지연시킨다고 알려져 있으나, 2wt.%까지 W 치환을 실시한 본 연구범위에서는 크리프 수명 및 최소 크리프속도에 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 크리프손상의 정도를 평가하기 위하여 크리프시편에 대한 초음파검사를 실시하였다. 크리프온도 600℃에서는 크리프시편의 수명이 증가함에 따라 음속이 비례적으로 증가하였으나 650℃에서는 반대로 감소하였다. The effect of the substitution of Tungsten(W) for Molybdenum(Mo) on the creep behaviour of 22Cr-5Ni duplex stainless steel(DSS) has been investigated. Creep tests were carried out at 600℃ and 650℃. Intermetallic σ phase is precipitated during creep at 650℃, at which creep rupture time was much lower compared with at 600℃. The substitution of W for MO in the duplex stainless steel was known to retard the formation of σ phase. Minimum creep rate and creep rupture time, however, were hardly influenced by the substitution of 2wt.% W. An ultrasonic measurement for the creep specimens has been carried out for the evaluation of creep damage. The sound velocity increases propotionally with the increase of creep rupture time at 600℃ of creep temperature. On the contrary, the sound velocity decreases with the increase of rupture time at 650℃, which can be correlated with the microstructural evolution during creep.

양·한방병원 내원 뇌졸중 환자의 실태와 물리치료 만족도 조사

남철현,김기열,전현선 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1999 保健福祉硏究 Vol.3 No.-

A study on current situation of C.V.A patients in Oriental and Western Hospitals, and patients satisfaction for physical therapy were conducted in order to improve the practice of physical therapy for the patients. this study were performed August, through October 31, 1988. Five hundred and seventeen patients at three Western and three Oriental Hospitals were the subjects of the study. The results are as follows; 1. 258 of the subjects were male, 198 of them were 60's of the age, 417 of them were married, 204 of them were house wife, and 299 of them were middle class people. 167 of the subjects were high school graduates and 304 of them were from major cities. 2. 33.9% of the subjects had preceding disease before strokes, and 34.2% of the patients from western medical hospital, 39.2% of female patients 44.1% of the 60's age, and 44.9% of the unmarried and 53.8% of the house wife had preceding disease. 3. 31.8% of males and 68.0% of laborer C.V.A when they were tired, 37.4% of the people of the age pf 70's become victims of C.V.A while they slept. 4. 53.4% of the subjects had cerebral infarction, 32% of the subjects had cerebral hemorrhage, 58.7% of the patients of oriental medical hospital were cerebral infarction patients, and 66.9% of the patients over 70 years old were also cerebral infarction patients. 5. 35% of the patients over the age of 60's were the first time victims of C.V.A and the rate is higher than of other age group, 80.3% of the subjects were the first time victims and 19.7% of the subjects were the second time victims. 6. 45.2% of the subjects had paralysis on left side and 43% had paralysis on right side and 5.4% of them had both side paralysis, 60.3% of the subjects received by physical therapy services, and 20.5% of the subjects got the therapy every three days. 7. 71.6% of the subjects believed that exercise therapy was the most effective therapy, and 29.6% of the subjects believed that acupressure and massage were the heart therapy. 8. 49.4% of the subjects in western hospital answered that the therapy they received were appropriate, 35.9% of the patients in western hospital side that they were satisfied with the result of the therapy.

乘鹤山 들쥐類의 生態에 관한 硏究

南廷七,朴承節,金承煥,李其哲 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

This study was conducted four ecological survey of field mice of in Mt. Sunghak Busan City from October, 2004 to July, 2005 for the understanding of field mice damage to forest. The results are obtained as follows. 1. The species of field mice collected were Apodemus agrarills, and Eofhenomys regulus. 2. The total collecting rate were 2.5% collected 13 individuals of field mice from 510 trap. 3. The rate among the 13 field mice collected were 69.2% in Apodemlls agrarills, and 30.8% in Eothenomys regulus. 4. The constitution of weight of field mice was 18-4 1.9g in Apodemus agrarius and Eothenomys regulus. 5. The sex ratio of field mice was 55.6% 44.4% in Apodemus agrarills, and 25.0% 75.0% in Eothenomys regulus. 6. The average body, tail, hind foot, ear lengh was 9 1.0mm, 77.22mm, 20.22mm, 13.33mm in Apodemus agrarius, and 93 .5mm, 39.0mm, 18.25mm, 13 .0mm in Eothenomys regltllls. 7. The breeding period of field mice in Mt. Sunghak presumes from about April. 8. The average litter size of field mice was 5.0 in Eothenomys regulus.

꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)의 외부 미세구조의 특징

김기덕,김남성,박수진,서미자,채순용,윤영남 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1999 농업과학연구 Vol.26 No.2

SEM을 사용하여 꽃노랑총채벌레, Franklimella occidentalis의 외부형태적 특징을 살펴보았다. 꽃노랑총채벌레의 촉각은 모두 8마디로 구성되어 있으며 길이는 0.25㎜정도이다 또한 3번째 마디와 4번째 마디는 부메랑 모양을 하고 있으며 5번째와 6번째 마디에는 길이가 7㎛정도의 감각기가 있다. 8번째마디에는 8개의 감각기가 있다. 입틀은 비교적 앞으로 튀어나온 모양을 하고 있으며 많은 감각기가 분포하고 있는데 모두 14개의 감각기가 양쪽으로 배열되어 있다. 다리의 구조는 발톱을 가지고 있지 않다. The external morphology of Frankliniella occidentalis was studied by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antenna was consisted of 8 segments and the length of antenna was 0.25mm. The 3rd segment and 4th segment were bent. The 5th segment and 6th segment had sensilla with 7㎛ long. The 8th segment had 8 sensilla. The mouthpart was protruded and distributed many sensilla on there. The leg had no claw.

골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.