정신분열병 환자의 말초 임파구에서 도파민 수용체 mRNA의 변화

곽용태,최철희,김옥준,주연호,김형섭,강성숙,구민성,선우일남 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열병은 주로 청소년기에 발병하는 정신과에서 가장 흔한 질환 중의 하나이다. 이 질환의 원인이나 병인은 아직 불확실하지만 뇌 도파민계의 기능장애가 중요한 기전으로 생각되고 있으나 부검없이 뇌 도파민계를 직접 관찰할수 없으므로 많은 혼란이 있어왔다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 최근에 발견된 말초 임파구의 도파민 수용체를 이용하여 정신분열병에 있어서 말초 임파구 도파민 수용체가 뇌 도파민계의 기능을 반영하는 말초표식인자일 가능성이 있는지를 규명한다. 방 법 : 3년 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용중인 정신분열병 환자(약물투약군) 44명, 최근 3개월 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자(약물비투약군) 43명, 정상대조군 31명을 대상으로 말초 임파구의 D3, D5 도파민 수용체를 정량적 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(quantitative reverse transcritpase polymerase chain reaction)을 이용하여서 정량 비교하였고, 또한 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자들에 있어서 약물 투여 후 도파민 수용체의 변화 및 임상양상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) 말초혈액 임파구의 D3R/βA는 약물비투약군에서 정상대조군이나 약물투약군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 있게 증가되어 있었다. D5R/βA의 경우 약물비투약군이 약물투약군에서만 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. 그러나 약물투약군과 정상대조군 간에는 도파민 수용체 mRNA(D3R/βA, D5R/βA)양에 있어서 차이가 없었다. 2) 항정신병 약물을 새로 투여하는 환자에서 항정신병 약물을 투여 후 임파구 도파민 수용체의 변화를 추적 관찰한 결과 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 약물비투약군을 정상 대조군과 비교하여 D3R/βA mRNA가 정상범위에 속하는 군과 높은 군으로 나누어서 임상척도와 비교 분석한 결과 임파구 도파민 수용체가 증가한 군에서 다음과 같은 임상특징을 관찰할 수 있었다. (1) 정신병리증상이(BPRS) 현저하였다. (2) 약물치료에 대해 양성 정신병리증상(pBPRS)의 호전도가 낮았다. (3) 약물치료시 추체외로 부작용이 심하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과로 말초 임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 정신분열병의 소군 분류 및 예후 예측에 있어서 임상적 의의가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 말초임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 비록 이에 상응하는 뇌의 해부학적 위치는 알 수 없지만 중추신경계의 도파민 수용체의 기능을 반영할 가능성이 높다고 생각되었다. Objectives : Schizophrenia, commonly developed in adolescence and young adulthood, is one of the most common mental diseases in psychiatry. The etiology or pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain yet, but the dysfunction of dopaminergic system in the brain has been proposed. However, there is no direct evidence of dysfunction of brain dopaminergic systems in schizophrenic patients because the direct assessment of brain dopaminergic systems is almost impossible at present. To overcome this problem, recently founded dopamine receptors and their mRNAs in peripheral lymphocytes was used. The purpose of this study was to define whether the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia or not. Methods : The total numbers of subjects are 87 schizophrenic patients. Among them 44 patients were schizophrenics who had been taking antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 years(medicated patients), 43 schizophrenics who recently are not taken antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 months(drug-free patients). For controls age and sex matched 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors were compared in each groups and after starting antipsychotic medicines in drug-free patients, the clinical scales and the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied before, 2 weeks after and 8 weeks after medication. Results : 1) In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes was significantly increased comparing with that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression was increased comparing with only that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. There was no difference between controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics. 2) After antipsychotic medication, dopamine receptors of lymphocytes were increased tendency. 3) Drug-free patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression in controls to evaluate the significance of increased dopamine receptor expression. The group of patients with increaseddopamine receptor expressio had following clinical characteristics. (1) More severe psychiatric symptoms (2) Poor pharmacological response of pBPRS on medicines (3) Severe extrapyramidal side effects after pharmacological treatment Conculsion : These results revealed that the molecular biologically determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were reactive, and increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte had clinical significance for subgrouping and prognostication. These findings suggested that dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocyte may represent dopamine receptors of the brain, even the location cannot be determined.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

Original Articles : Serum bilirubin Levels are inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty Liver disease

( Min Sun Kwak ),( Dong Hee Kim ),( Goh Eun Chung ),( Seung Joo Kang ),( Min Jung Park ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung Hwan Yoon ),( Hyo Suk Lee ) 대한간학회 2012 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.18 No.4

Background/Aims: Serum bilirubin exerts antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. In addition, elevated serum bilirubin levels are associated with a decreased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have evaluated whether serum bilirubin is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is closely associated with other metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was thus to elucidate the association between serum total bilirubin levels and NAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 17,348 subjects undergoing a routine health check-up was conducted. Subjects positive for hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus, or with other hepatitis history were excluded. NAFLD was diagnosed on the basis of typical ultrasonographic findings and an alcohol consumption of less than 20 g/day. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 49 years and 9,076 (52.3%) were men. The prevalence of NAFLD decreased steadily as the serum bilirubin level increased in both men and women (P<0.001 for both). Multivariate regression analysis adjusted for other metabolic risk factors showed that serum bilirubin level was inversely associated with the prevalence of NAFLD [odds ratio (OR)=0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.80-0.97]. Furthermore, there was an inverse, dose-dependent association between NAFLD and serum total bilirubin levels (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.75-0.93 in the third quartile; OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.71-0.90 in the fourth quartile vs. lowest quartile, P for trend <0.001). Conclusions: Serum bilirubin levels were found to be inversely associated with the prevalence of NAFLD independent of known metabolic risk factors. Serum bilirubin might be a protective marker for NAFLD. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2012;18:383-390)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulative Treatment for Ankle Sprain

Kwak, Min Kyung,Kim, Min Wook,Jeong, Sang Jun,Kim, Shin Ae,Jeong, Mi Young,Kim, Jae Hong Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2018 대한침구의학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Background: This study was performed to review the efficacy of national and international randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating Chuna manipulative treatment for ankle sprains. Methods: Online databases (PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CNKI, NDSL, OASIS), were searched for studies where Chuna treatment was performed for ankle sprains up to October 12th, 2017. Only RCT were selected that fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: There were 676 studies retrieved from the databases, resulting in analysis of 24 RCT. There was an average of 7 treatment visits over a 7 day period and the most frequent evaluation tool used was efficacy rate, with drug therapy being the most common control used in the trials. In 15 RCT, several Chuna methods were used in combination, amongst which, the osteopathic technique was most common. Statistically significant improvement in evaluation indices was reported in 19 RCT, and in 3 RCT, statistically significant improvement was reported, but not for all indices. In the remaining 2 RCT, there were no significant differences in any of the evaluation indices. No adverse reactions were reported in any of the RCT, although it was unknown whether all the trial protocols indicated that adverse reactions should be monitored, and for this reason, the risk of bias was unclear. Conclusion: The review of 24 studies suggest that Chuna manipulative treatment for ankle sprains was effective in most cases, although, potential bias in these studies was difficult to evaluate.

Deep Neural Network-Based Prediction of the Risk of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia

( Jun Ki Min ),( Hyo-joon Yang ),( Min Seob Kwak ),( Chang Woo Cho ),( Sangsoo Kim ),( Kwang-sung Ahn ),( Soo-kyung Park ),( Jae Myung Cha ),( Dong Il Park ) 대한소화기학회 2021 Gut and Liver Vol.15 No.1

Background/Aims: Risk prediction models using a deep neural network (DNN) have not been reported to predict the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN). The aim of this study was to compare DNN models with simple clinical score models to predict the risk of ACRN in colorectal cancer screening. Methods: Databases of screening colonoscopy from Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (n=121,794) and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (n=3,728) were used to develop DNN-based prediction models. Two DNN models, the Asian-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) model and the Korean Colorectal Screening (KCS) model, were developed and compared with two simple score models using logistic regression methods to predict the risk of ACRN. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the models were compared in internal and external validation databases. Results: In the internal validation set, the AUCs of DNN model 1 and the APCS score model were 0.713 and 0.662 (p<0.001), respectively, and the AUCs of DNN model 2 and the KCS score model were 0.730 and 0.667 (p< 0.001), respectively. However, in the external validation set, the prediction performances were not significantly different between the two DNN models and the corresponding APCS and KCS score models (both p >0.1). Conclusions: Simple score models for the risk prediction of ACRN are as useful as DNN-based models when input variables are limited. However, further studies on this issue are warranted to predict the risk of ACRN in colorectal cancer screening because DNN-based models are currently under improvement. (Gut Liver 2021;15:85-91)

QTLs Analysis for Yield Component Characters of Grain in the M/G RILs by Different Years

Kwak Tae-Soon,Yeo Jun-Hwan,Eun Moo-Young,Cha Young-Soon,Lee Min-Sang,Park Young-Jun,Baek Min-Ji 한국작물학회 2005 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Displaced Double-Layered Lateral Meniscus That Mimicked the Bucket-Handle Tear: a Case Report

Kwak, Min Jee,Kim, Sun Ki,Kim, Ki Jun,Lee, Bum-Sik,Kang, Jun Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2016 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.20 No.3

Among the various types of congenital meniscal anomalies, the double-layered lateral meniscus is extremely rare. The double-layered meniscus consists of both the upper additional and the lower normal meniscus. As the upper additional meniscus is mobile, it can be easily displaced, while the lower lateral meniscus is usually normal in shape and volume. A 42-year-old woman suffering from pain and locking of her left knee underwent Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and an arthroscopic surgery. A rare meniscal abnormality was seen in her left knee, which presented as a double-layered lateral meniscus with displacement. It was remarkable that the upper additional meniscus was displaced over the intercondylar eminence of the tibia and it mimicked a bucket-handle tear. Even though it is rare, it is necessary to consider the possibility of displaced double-layered meniscus in the differential diagnosis of a bucket-handle tear. Here, we report the MRI and arthroscopic findings of a displaced double-layered lateral meniscus, which was similar to the bucket-handle tear.

Overexpression of Protein Kinase C Isoforms Protects RAW 264.7 Macrophages from Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis : Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase / Stress-Activated Protein Kinase, p38 K

Jun, Chang-Duk,Oh, Chun-Do,Kwak, Hyun-Jeong,Pae, Hyun-Ock,Yoo, Ji-Chang,Choi, Byung-Min,Chun, Jang-Soo,Park, Rae-Kil,Chung, Hun-Taeg 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 2000 생명공학연구소보 Vol.7 No.1

Nitric oxide {NO} laduces apoptotic cell death In murine RAW 264.7 macrephages. To elucidate the inhlabitory effects of protein kinmac C (PKC) on NO-lmdwced apoptoles, we generated clones of RAW 264.7 cells that overexpress one of the PKC looforma and explered the powble Interactions between PKC and three stractarally related metegen-activated preblem (MAP)kiness In NO actiens. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with acdium mkrepruside (SNP), a NO tenerating agent , activated both c-Jun N-terminal kinesseltress-activated pretein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and p38 kinase, but did not activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1 and ERK-2 In additlen, SNP-imduced apopteels was mightly blocked by the selective p-38 kinesse Inhtblter (SB203580)but not by the MAP?ERK1 kiness Inbibitor (PD090059). PKC tranerrectants (PKC-βⅡ, -&, and -n) showed substantial pretection from cell deeth Induced by the expreture to NO downs such as SNP and S-nitroglutathiese (GSNO). In contract, in RAW 264.7 parent or in empty vecter-tracformed cells, these NO demmors imdneed imternucleosomal DNA cleavage. Mereover, overexpression of PKC isofornas signiflcammtly auppressed SNP-induced JNK/SAPK and p38 kinase activation, but did not affect ERK-1 and -2. We also explored the invelvement of CPP32-like preteose In the NO-INduced apeptoceds. Inhibithion of CPP32-like proteose prevented apoptions in RAWW 267.7 pareced cells In addition, SNP dramntically activated CPP32 in the parent or in empty vector-transformed cells, white slightly activated CPP32 in PKC transfectants. Therefore, we conclude that PKC protects NO-induced apoptotic cell death, preammably maMKying the NO-mediated activation of JNK/SAPK, p38 kinese, and CPP32-like protease in RAW 267.7 macrephages.

Overview of Deep Learning in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Jun Ki Min,Min Seob Kwak,차재명 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.4

Artificial intelligence is likely to perform several roles currently performed by humans, and the adoption of artificial intelligence-based medicine in gastroenterology practice is expected in the near future. Medical image-based diagnoses, such as pathology, radiology, and endoscopy, are expected to be the first in the medical field to be affected by artificial intelligence. A convolutional neural network, a kind of deeplearning method with multilayer perceptrons designed to use minimal preprocessing, was recently reported as being highly beneficial in the field of endoscopy, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and capsule endoscopy. A convolutional neural network-based diagnostic program was challenged to recognize anatomical locations in esophagogastroduodenoscopy images, Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastric cancer for esophagogastroduodenoscopy; to detect and classify colorectal polyps; to recognize celiac disease and hookworm; and to perform small intestine motility characterization of capsule endoscopy images. Artificial intelligence is expected to help endoscopists provide a more accurate diagnosis by automatically detecting and classifying lesions; therefore, it is essential that endoscopists focus on this novel technology. In this review, we describe the effects of artificial intelligence on gastroenterology with a special focus on automatic diagnosis, based on endoscopic findings.

서울시 택시 데이터를 이용한 젠트리피케이션 지표 개발

곽민철(Min Chul Kwak),최준용(Jun Yong Choi),박민주(Min Ju Park),데이비드 리(David Lee),문진우(Jin Woo Moon) 한국생태환경건축학회 2020 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.20 No.1