그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

실험적 급성 심근경색증 후 좌심실 재성형에 관여하는 간질 조직의 변화에 대한 전환효소억제제의 기전에 대한 연구 : 백서의 非痛璧性 심근경색 후 좌심실 재성형 및 Transforming Grawth Factor β-1의 발현 변화와 이에 대한 레닌 안지오텐신계 차단제의 효과 분석 Effects on Transforming Growth Factor - β-1 Expression

연태진,김석연,김효수,김어진,김소영,정은주,서정욱,오병희 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9

비소세포폐암에서 Microsatellite Instability

전효성,김정란,손지웅,박선하,박태인,김창호,김인산,정태훈,박재용 경북대학교 병원 2001 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.1

연구베경:MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의해 야기되는 뮤전적 불안정성은 발암기전의 한 부류로 인정되고 있다.저자들은 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에서의 MSI의 역할을 규명하기 위해 비소세포폐암에서 MSI의 빈도 및 MSI 유무에 따른 임상상의 차이를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법:근치적 절제술을 받은 비소세포폐암 20예를 대상으로 하였다.동결된 폐암조직과 환자의 림프구에서 DNA를 추출한 후 3P와 9p의 15개의 marker들을 대상으로 PCR을 시행하고 7% polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동한 후 silver 염색을 시행하였다. 암조직과 림프구 DNA의 PCR product의 band를 비교하여 MSI와 LOH를 판정하였다. 결과:1)대상환자들은 남자 19예,여자 1예였으며 모두 흡연자였고 평균 흠연력은 47 갑년이었다. 폐암의 조직형은 편평상피암 15예, 선암 4예,대세포암 1예였고, 술 후 병리학적 병기는 Ⅰ기 6예,Ⅱ기 5예, ⅢA기 7예,ⅢB기 2예였다. 2)20예 가운데 8예(40%)에서 MSI가 관찰되었으며 3예는 한 개의 marker에서,5예는 2개 이상의 marker에서 MSI가 관찰되었다. 3)LOH는 10예(50%)에서 있었으며,LOH유무에 따른 병가 및 흡연력의 차이가 없었다. 4)분석한 marker의 10% 이상에서 MSI가 관찰된 MSI-L종양은 5예였으며, 대부분의 marker에서 MSI양성인 MSI-H종양은 없었다.MSS종양과 MSI-L종양은 흡연력, 병기, 폐암 조직형 및 LOH 빈도의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론:비소세포폐암에서 MSI는 비교적 흔히 관찰되지만 MMR 유전자의 불활성화에 의한 MMP pathway 는 비소세포폐암의 주요 발생기전은 아닐 것으로 생각된다.향 후 비소세포폐암의 발암과정에 있어서 MMP pathway의 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 보다 많은 예를 대상으로 한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, MSI 발생기전에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Microsatellite instability(MSI) is frequently used as an indicator of microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP) tumors.MSI has been observed in a percentage of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However, its role in tumorigenesis of NSCLC remains unknown.The frequency and partten of MSI in NSCLC were evaluted and clinical parameters of MSI-positive tumors with those of MSS(microsatellite stable) tumors were compared. Materials and Methods: Twenty surgically resected NSCLCs were analyzed for 15 microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3p and 9p.The peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients were used as the source of the normal DNA. Results:1) of 20 cases, 8(40%) demonstrated MSI. 2) Instability was observed more frequently in tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats that in dinucleotide repeats. In all cases, instability appeared as a shift of individual allelic bands. 3) LOH was observed in 10(50%) of 20 tumors analyzed. 4) Of 20 cases, MSI-H tumor(showing MSI in the majority of markers) was absent. There were 5 MSI-L tumors( showing MSI in a greater than 10% of markers). 5) No significant difference was observed between MSI-L tumors and MSI negative tumors in terms of clinicopathologic features such as pack-year history of smoking, histologic subtype, and (delete) stage of disease.There was also no significant difference in the incidence of LOH in relation to the status of MSI. Conclusion: These data strongly suggest that MSI plays different roles in lung and colon cancer.MMP pathway appears to be far less important in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, caused mainly by cigarette smoke, with little familial tendency.(tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2000,48:24-32)

구개부에 발생한 다형성선종의 치험례

이창진,김태열,김효언,김희광,전인성,윤규호 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common of all salivary gland tumors, constituting over 50 per cent of all cases of tumors, and approximately 90 per cent of all benign salivary gland tumors. Since the term mixed tumor' was introduced by Broca for its dual origin of epithelial and mesenchymal elements, the term plemorphic adenoma suggested by Willis characterizes closely the unusual histologic pattern of the lesion. The parotid gland is the most common site but it may occur in any of the salivary glands. It is somewhat more frequent in women and in the fourth to sixth decades, but they are also relatively common in young adult and have been known to occur in children. Treatment of choice is surgical excision. Adequate surgery with safe margin reduce its recurrence rate. We represent a case of pleomorphic adenoma with literature review in 65-year old male occured in the palate. The lesion was successfully treated by surgical excision.

Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes

Sung-Sam Hwang,Hyo-Sun Seo,Tae-Young Kim 한국사회언어학회 2010 사회언어학 Vol.18 No.1

Hwang, Sung-Sam, SeD, Hyo-Sun, Kim, Tae-Young. 2010. Korean English Teacher's Disempowerment in English-only Classes: A Case Study Focusing on Korea-specific Cultural Aspects. The Sociolinguistic journal of Korea 18(1). In this case study, we have focused on the disempowerment of a Korean English teacher (KET) in English-only classrooms. Six English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in a Korean high school were observed and analyzed by using interpretive discourse analysis. Out of the six classes, three representative classrooms were both video- and audio-taped. The results show that the English-only classes could weaken the KETs' power via three mechanisms: (a) calling the KETs' last name for choral greetings at the beginning of the class, (b) students' group solidarity and peer pressure between classmates, and (c) the students' excessively collaborative approach to peer assistance. It is argued that the exclusive English-only instruction disempowers the KETs' status and dismantles their vocational identity. In order to remedy the current situation, within a scaffolding supported by the eclectic use of first language where necessary for effective class management, KETs are empowered and overcome constraints imposed by the limited L2 oral competence of some non-native English teachers.

수정 3단계 탐색을 이용한 화상의 블록정합 알고리듬

김태효 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1997 硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, a new image compression algorithm having less computation compared with the full search BMA(block matching algorithm) and dividing the block included larger error than the threshold value into sub-blocks is proposed. This algorithm has two properties. One is reduction of prediction time for motion vectors. In this case. the motion vector of BMA can be obtained by 32 times of computation compared with 169 times of the full search method. The other is matching accuracy of motion vectors. If the prediction error is larger than the threshold value, then the block is divided into 4 sub-blocks. At this time. the displacement vectors are obtained by applying the 2nd-step in the 3-step algorithm. In simulation we investigated the PSNR perpformance of some algorithms to evaluate the proposed algorithm. It Was confirmed that the proposed algorithm can be obtained more accurate block matching than the 3-step search and higher speed searching than the full search algorithm respectively.

인공치관용 CaO ·MgO ·2SiO₂-3CaO ·P₂O-MgO ·TiO₂계 Glass-Ceramic의 결정화에 미치는 TiO₂의 영향(I)

김효성,배태성,진영철,이민호 大韓齒科器材學會 1994 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Effects of TiO₂additions on the crystallization behavior of a glass with a composition of 50.0wt% CaO·MgO·2SiO₂-40.0wt% 3CaO·??-10wt% MgO·TiO₂system were investigated by ovserving the microstructure of the crystallized products. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The major crystalline phases are indentified by X-ray diffraction as apatite(??), wollastonite(CaSiO₃), whitlockite[β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂], MgTiO₃and diopside[CaMg(SiO₃)₂]. 2. The glass transition temperature(??) and the softening point(??) are shifted to the lower temperature by increasing of TiO₂content. 3. The apatite and MgTiO₃crystallization are increased by increasing of TiO₂content. 4. The exothermic crystallization peak of MgTiO₃appear in the sample which contained more than 15.6wt% of TiO₂.

주형을 이용한 실리카 나노구조체 합성

김효중,곽중협,서태수,서동수 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.3

나노미터 직경을 갖는 침상형의 주형(hydroxyapatite)을 이용한 새로운 접근 방법으로 실리카 나노구조체를 졸-겔법을 근간으로 합성하였다. 본 합성법은 나노전구체(실리카 피복 주형) 제조, 나노전구체 소성 및 주형제거 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 나노전구체에 대한 주사 전자현미경(SEM), 투과 전자현미경(TEM), X-선 회절 분석(XRD) 및 광전자 분광 분석(XPS) 결과를 통해 주형 표면에 실리카가 피복되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 고분해능 XPS 분석에 의해 관찰되는 넓고 비대칭적인 O 1s 스펙트럼의 curve-fitting을 검토한 결과 나노전구체 표면에 여러 종류의 산소가 존재함을 보였다. 또한, 에너지 분산 X-선 분석(EDS)을 통해 나노구조체는 실리콘과 산소로 조성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 실리카 나노구조체 직경은 대부분 50-200㎚ 정도로 주형의 직경과 동일한 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 방법이 나노구조체의 새로운 합성방법으로써 적용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. A novel technique for the synthesis of silica nanostructures with needle-like template, hydroxyapatite, having nanometer diameter was investigated in this study. The synthetic method consisted of the following main steps: the preparation of nanoprecursor(silica-coated templates), the calcination of nanoprecursor and the removal of templates. The analysis results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy(XPS) for nanoprecursor revealed that silica particles were deposited onto the surface of templates. Further examinations(curve-fitting processing) of the asymmetrical broadening of O 1s peaks in the XPS spectra indicate the presence of multiple oxygen species on the surface. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) result confirmed that nanostructures were composed of silicon and oxygen. The diameters of the synthesized nanostructures, mainly in the range of 50-200㎚, correspond to the diameters of the templates. The results confirm that the proposed technique in this study can be utilized as a new method to fabricate the nanostructures.

열환경 개선을 위한 전통민가의 보존적 개수방안 연구 : 외암마을 건재고택 안채를 대상으로

김명신,김준태,박효순 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.7

Traditional houses as cultural assets are required to preserve their original forms, which could conflict with residents' demand for higher living standards. These houses were built with sustainable structure and material that can contribute to natural environmental control of building. Nevertheless, their thermal environment seem to be inferior in modern living standards and improvements are certainly necessary. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the building improvements on the energy performances of a traditional house. In this study, the simulation program of Visual DOE 3.1 was used to predict annual heating and cooling energy loads of the house, and sensitivity studies were performed. The subject building in this study was a main building of Genjaegotaek, located at Oeam-maeul, Asan, Chung-Nam. The simulation results for that building indicated that the main determinants of the building energy loads were walls and openings(windows and doors): They represented about 50% and 41% of the annual heating loads, and 49% and 24% to the annual cooling loads, respectively. The improvements of wall and openings turned to be more effective in the house. Of the three measures of energy improvements, wall insulation is the most relatively important, followed by openings, and then ceiling insulation. The energy simulation was further performed with all three improvement measures, and the results indicated that the building heating and cooling loads decreased about 66% and 13%, respectively, and the total annual energy loads decreased by about 46%. This study addressed the issue of thermal improvements of traditional house through building energy simulations. Due to some unknown properties of building elements there are some limitations in modeling the traditional house, and more detailed information from surveys and experiments is needed for more reliable thermal modeling.

CoM 및 Subpixel처리에 기반한 블러링 영상의 경계영역 추정

김태효 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 2003 硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.2

본 논문에서는 영상을 획득할 때 발생되는 블러링 영상으로부터 물체 경계영역을 최적으로 검출하기 위해 CoM(Center of Mass)방식과 서브픽셀 처리에 의한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 기울기 값과 CoM방식을 적용하기 위해서 램프에지를 일차미분을 사용하여 루프에지의 형태로 변환하였다. 그리고, 서브픽셀단위의 경계위치를 구하기 위해서 CoM의 offset값을 선정된 기준좌표에 더하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 평가하기 위해서 표준편차 값과 처리시간 그리고 예측되는 에지의 위치를 해석하였다. 그리고, 기존의 알고리즘, Tabatabai, Weight of Gradient방식과 비교하였다. In this Paper, a new edge detector which uses CoM(Center of Mass) method and sub-pixel processing algorithm is proposed to optimally detect the boundry locations of the objects from given blurring by acquiring image. The procedure of this detector is as follows. If an edge is ramp edge, we change it to roof edge by the gradient edge detector. To compute the edge location to sub-pixel resolution, we apply CoM algorithm, then add offset information to the result from CoM procedure. In order to evaluate the performance of this algorithm, we analyzed the standard deviation and the distance between the estimated edge location. We compared the performance with the Tabatabai and Lyvers algorithms.