녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

하수처리의 문제점과 연속접촉회분식 반응조를 이용한 고도처리

신항식,남세용,이상형 경산대학교(대구한의과대학) 1999 環境硏究 Vol.4 No.1

The volume of sewage increases as the population grows and the standard of living rises, and also varies in direct proportion to the volume of available water supply. Present1y(at the end of 1998), the sewage treatment ratio is 60%, and 85 facilities are woiking for sewage treatment While sewage treatment plant has been constructed in large cities and heavily industrialized cities, the most treatment plant employ one type of process, i.e. activated sludge process, which may not be desirable for some cities in economical point of view and also in terms of process optimization. Moreover, poor sewer systems resulted in lower strength influet than the designed strength. In this study, to develop a proper process for treating low strength sewage several existing sewage treatment plants were diagnosed. A continuously contacted sequencing batch reactor composed of pre-anoxic contact zone and intermittently aerated zone was operated for biological nitrogen removal. The removal efficiencies of organic matter (SCOD) and total nitrogen (T-N) were 89% and about 60% at the TCOD/T-N ratio as low as 6.0, respectively.

구리의 전기석출시 젤라틴이 물성에 미치는 영향

신석재,강현춘,안형환,강안수,김용렬,한성만,이한섭 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In the electrodeposition of copper foil for preparing printed circuit boards, a little amount of gelatin as a addition agent has been used for the better characteristics of a coat of electroplating. Gelatin modifies the physical properties such as mechanical strength, matte-side roughness, ultimate tensile strength(U.T.S), and elongation of copper foil, furthermore gelatin have influence on the structure of electrodeposits and the cathode polarization. The electrolyte used was of a composition; CuSO₄·5H₂O 300g/ℓ, H₂SO₄ 100g/ℓ, NaCl 10 ppm as a brightner, and was gelatin 0-7 ppm as a addition agent. Current density was 50 A/dm², and the temperature of electrolytic bath was 50 to 52 ℃. Experiments showed that the optimum gelatin concentration was 5 ppm with the consideration of the numbers of electrodeposited nuclei. And the nuclei numbers was sharply increased under 5 ppm, but was almostly constant above 5ppm. Average matte-side roughness by Surfcorder was gradually increased with the increasing gelatine concentration up to 2 ppm, and maximum roughness was observed at 2ppm. The roughness showed gradual decrease within the concentration range of 2 to 4 ppm, and was almost constant above 4ppm . Within the gelatine concentration range of 0 to 7 ppm, as the concentration increased, UTS was increased and elongation was decreased logarithmically. Also, in comparison between UTS and elongation, gelatin was identified as an addition agent acting inversely.

膜分離에 의한 海水의 淡水化에 관한 硏究

申盛義,李性琪,崔炯一,申大允,金永範,李抵憲,姜永周 조선대학교 환경연구소 1989 環境公害硏究 Vol.6 No.-

In this study, we made investigation into water permeation, solute separation, concentration and Na^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+), Cl^(-), SO^(2)_(4)-, HCO^(-)_(3) ions separation of seawater by the revers osmosis process using a suitable semipermeable membrane. The different thickness of membranes were prepared. On heat treatment, temperature was 80℃ and thier effects were also investigated. The flat single module system was made to be capable of treating feed solution at 200-2000cc/min and 120 atm. The experimental results can be summerized as follows: 1) As the effective operating pressure increased, permeability of pure water proportionally increased. 2) As the exposure period of the manufactured membrane in air increased, permeation rate increased, but as the thickness of the membrane increased, permeation rate decreased. 3) The capacity for being reproductive of the manufactured membrane (CA: 30wt%, Formamide: 45wt%, Acetone: 25wt%) in their performance was less than 10-30% and agreed with that reported in the literature. 4) We could separated about 85-95% of salt ion in seawater using a flat single module system.

골반 골절 환자에 있어서 골절 위치에 따른 하부 요로 손상의 연관성

신대은,문형윤,박성운,노준 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.3

Background and Objectives: Lower urinary tract injuries in pelvic bone fracture can lead to significant complication. We tried to find out the relationship between the fracture location and the bladder, urethra injury in patients who sustaining pelvic bone fracture. We thought that the fracture locations could serves as markers for injury. Materials and Methods: A clinical study was made on 43 patients who sustaining pelvic bone fracture with bladder or urethra injury in the Chosun University hospital during the period of 5 years from January, 2002 to December 2006. Diagnosis was done by retrograde cystography, retrograde urethragraphy, abdomenpelvic computed tomography. Results: Of the 43 patients reviewed, 27 patients had intraperitoneal type bladder rupture, and 12 patients had extra-peritoneal type bladder rupture. 9 patients had urethral rupture. Intraperitoneal type bladder rupture cases are most commonly associated with infrapubic ramus, suprapubic ramus and acetabulum. but the statistically significance is abscent (p= 0.642). Also extraperitoneal type bladder rupture cases are most commonly associated with infrapubic ramus, suprapubic ramus and acetabulum. but the statistically significance is abscent (p= 0.548). And all type bladder rupture cases are most commonly associated with infrapubic ramus, suprapubic ramus and acetabulum. but the statistically significance is abscent (p= 0.775). And urethral rupture cases are most commonly associated with infrapubic ramus, suprapubic ramus and acetabulum but the statistically significance is abscent (p= 0.528). Lastly, Combineded bladder rupture and urethral rupture cases are most commonly associated with infrapubic ramus, llium, Symphysis pubis. But the statistically significance is abscent (p= 0.462). Conclusions: In our study when there is a pelvic bone fracture, the fractured site of pelvic bone have no statistically association with lower urinary tract injury. But most common pelvic bone fracture site of all lower urinary tract injury cases is infrapubic ramus. Therefore, if infrapubic ramus fracture is found in the condition of pelvic bone fracture, it is highly likely to have lower urinary tract injury. More careful observation and diagnosis is necessary for this case.

광주광역시 치매의 유병률과 위험인자의 도시-농촌 지역 비교

신일선,김재민,윤진상,김석재,양수진,김웅장,이승현,강순아,곽지영,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 광주광역시의 도시 및 농촌 지역에 거주하는 노인에서 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 부가적으로 이 두 지역간에 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 광주광역시의 전형적인 도시와 농촌지역의 65세 이상의 노인(N=1,598)을 대상으로, 2단계의 역학연구를 수행하였다. 1차 선별 단계에서는 38명의 훈련된 연구보조원이 대상노인을 면담하여, 사회인구학적 특징을 조사하고 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination ; MMSE-K)로 평가하였다. 2차 임상 진단 단계에서는 1차 단계에서 MMSE-K 점수가 24점 이하인 노인(N=431)을 대상으로, 전문연구팀의 임상적 평가를 통해 치매를 진단하고 원인질환별로 알쯔하이머병(Alzheimer's disease ; AD), 혈관성 치매(vascular dementia ; VaD) 및 기타 치매로 분류하였다. 대상노인에서 치매의 유병률을 측정한 후, 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령보정 유병률을 산출하였다. 전체 대상에서 AD의 위험인자를 조사한 후, 도시와 농촌군으로 나누어 분석을 다시 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1차 및 2차 단계의 참가율은 각각 71.0%(N=1,134) 및 83.2%(N=410) 였다. 연구 참여 노인(N=1,134)에서 전체 치매, AD 및 VaD의 유병률은 최소 각각 9.7%, 5.2%, 1.8%였다. 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령 보정 유병률은 각각 10.7%, 5.7%, 1.9%인 것으로 산출되었다. AD의 독립 위험인자는 고령, 여성, 무학이었다. 도시와 농촌에 따른 유병률의 차이는 파악되지 않았다. 그러나 AD의 위험인자는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 도시 노인에게는 무학만이, 농촌 노인에게는 고령과 여성인 경우가 독립 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 광주광역시 노인에서 치매의 유병률은 높았고, 이는 국내 다른 지역에서 수행된 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 위험인자는 도시와 농촌에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국에서의 치매의 실태를 반영하며, 치매의 적절한 관리와 예방을 위해서는 지역성 특성이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in an urban and a rural sample of older persons in the metropolitan Kwangju area, Republic of Korea. In addition, the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia between the two samples were compared. Methods : A two-phase epidemiological study of residents aged 65 or over(N=1,598) was conducted in a highly developed, urban and a non-contiguous, poorly developed, rural area of metropolitan Kwangju. In the first(screening) phase, 38 trained research assistants collectively peformed in-home interviews for all participants. Detailed sociodemographic characteristics were gathered and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was administered. In the second (diagnosing) phase, diagnosis of dementia was established for those scoring 24 or less on the MMSE-K in the screening phase(N=431), and etiological types of dementia were classified to Alzheimer's disease(AD), vascular dementia(VaD) or miscellanous type by two teams of experts. Prevalence rate of dementia was determined in the participants, and age-standardized prevalence rate adjusted by age distribution in metropolitan Kwangju was estimated. For AD, the risk factors were investigated in all participants, and analyses were repeated for the urban and rural samples separately. Results : The participating rates in the first and second phases were 71.0%(N=1,134) and 83.2%(N=410), respectively. In the participants, the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and VaD were 9.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates were 10.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Aging, female gender and no education(complete lack of formal education) were identified as independent risk factors for AD. No difference between the urban and rural samples was observed in the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and YaD. However, risk factors for AD differed between these areas. In the urban sample, no education was the only significant factor ; whereas, aging and female gender were identified as risk factors in the rural sample. Conclusion : A high prevalence rate of dementia was observed among old persons in metropolitan Kwangju, consistent with previous studies conducted in other Korean areas. The risk factor profi1es for AD differed between urban and rural settings. The results of this study reflect the current status of dementia in Korea and suggests that appropriate management and prevention strategies for dementia should be tailored toward the geographic settings.

소다라임유리에서 구형입자 충격손상에 미치는 가압조건의 영향

신형섭,오상엽 安東大學校 工業技術硏究所 2001 공업기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.1

가압치구를 이용해 접촉압력을 가할 수 있는 실험장치를 개발하여 가압 구속조건이 구형입자 충격시 발생하는 충격손상의 영향을 조사하였다. 소다라임유리 (33×33×8mm)에 직경3mm인 WC와 Steel구를 각각 30~200m/s의 속도로 충격을 가하였다. 그리고 3가지 다른 조건, 즉 가압치구가 없는 경우, 가압치구가 있으며 압력 p=0㎫, p=200㎫ 를 가한 조건을 설정하였다. 입자충격으로 인하여 ring, radial 등과 같은 균열이 발생되었다. 시험편에 가한 접촉응력이 시험편 내부 응력장을 변화시켰다. 따라서 가압치구가 없는 시험편의 손상영역은 입자충격속도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 200㎫의 접촉압력을 가한 시험편의 경우는 가압치구가 없는 경우에 비해 감소하였다. An experimental investigation was made, which comprise a pressing die, to evaluate the influence of pressing condition on the damage induced by a spherical impact. Steel and WC sphere in 3mm diameter impacted to soda-lime glass specimen with dimension of 33 x 33 x 8mm in the impact velocity range of 30m/s to 200m/s. Three different contact conditions were given for the impact damage evaluation, which are, the cases without pressing die, the cases of p=0㎫ and p=200㎫ with pressing die. The spherical impact had produced various kinds of damage such as ring cracks, cone cracks and radial cracks. The contact pressure applied to the specimen changed stress fields developed in the specimen which suppressed the structural bending of specimen and development of radial cracks. The extent of induced damage in the specimen with contact pressure of 200㎫ was reduced, as compared with the cases of without pressing die or with contact pressure of 100㎫.

컴퓨터과학 교육을 중심으로 한 중등 컴퓨팅 교육과정 설계

신상국,권대용,김형신,염용철,유승욱,이원규 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2005 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.3

정향 수침액에 의한 아나필락시의 억제 효과

신태용,김상현,이석봉,엄동옥,임종필,이은희,김형민 우석대학교 의약품개발연구소 1996 藥學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

The current study evaluates the capacity of Caryophylli Flos water extract(CFWE) to regulate immediate allergic reaction by control of histamine release. CFWE was found to exhibit a ingibitory activity on the compound 48/80-induced anaphylaxis. CFWE inhibited the serum histamine release induced in anaphylaxis by compound 48/80. CFWE was also showed a dose-depent activity on the conpound 40/80-induced histamine release from the highly purified population of Alcian Blue-positive peritoneal mast cells. This result suggest that CFWE may be useful for the prevention and treatment of allergy related disease.

실험적 부자 시신경병증에서 Methylprednisolone의 효능

신재필,이상희,서형덕,김인택 경북대학교 병원 1998 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.1

동물실험에서 aconite 또는 aconitine은 신경계통에 독성을 나타낸다고 이미 알려져 있다. 그러한 독성은 시유발전위와 병리조직에서 탈수초증으로 나타난다. 저자들은 실험적으로 aconite을 주입하여 탈수초신경증을 일으킨 후 고용량이 methylprednisolone(MP)투여가 효능이 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. Aconite를 복강내 주입하고 곧 이어 가토의 이연정맥으로 MP를 주입한 군과 aconite만을 주입한 군으로 나누었고 이들을 서로 비교하였다. 그리고 이 두 군을 정상군과도 비교하였다. 시유발전위에서 aconite를 주입후 MP를 투여한 군에서 aconite만을 주입한 군에 비하여 onset latency와 peak latency 그리고 진폭 모두에서 2주째에 통계학적으로 의미있게 회복되었으나 (p<0.05) 정상군과 비교하여 의미있는 차이를 나타내지 아니하였다. 그러나 정상군과 비교하여 1개월과 2개월에서 onset latency은 의미있게 지연되었고 (p<0.05) peak latency와 진폭은 다소 회복되었으나 정상군의 평균값에는 미치지 못하였다. 병리조직에서 MP으로 치료한 군과 aconite만을 주입한 군 모두에서 수초의 탈수초변화가 관찰되었으나 MP으로 치료한 군은 상대적으로 탈수초변화가 현저하지 아니하였다. 본 연구에서 실험적으로 가토에 aconite를 전신에 투여하여 시신경병증을 일으킨 후 고용량의 MP를 즉시 투여한 경우에 시신경의 기능을 정상상태까지 회복시키는데는 한계가 있으나 부분적으로 시신경의 기능을 회복시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다(한안지 37:1730~1740, 1996). Studies in animals indicate that aconitine or aconite has toxic effects in the visual system of a rabbit model. Such a toxic effects causes myelo-optic neuropathy in the visually evoked cortical potential(VECP) and histopathologic studies. Whether the administration of intravenous high-does of methyprednisolone(MP) in the myelo-optic neuropathy caused by aconitine(1.5㎖/㎏, equivalent to 0.7㎎/㎏ of aconitine) is experimentally effective remains uncertain. The group treated with MP(daily 30㎎/㎏×2 for 3 days followed by 15㎎/㎏ for 3 days) in addition to aconite was compared with the aconite alone group and the normal control group. In the MP treated group, increased recovery of onset latency, peak latency, and amplitude in VECP in comparision with the aconite alone group was recorded at 2 weeks(p<0.05). The MP treated group in comparision with the normal control group showed a significant delay in onset latency at 1 month and 2 months(p<0.05). But, the amplitude in both the MP treated group and the aconite alone group increased at 2 months and did not show a significant difference in comparision with the normal group(p<0.05). In histopathologic study, pathologic findings of myelin sheath in the MP treated group were less severe than in the aconite alone group generally. The true benefit of high-does MP was at least clear within 2 weeks. The authors conclude that treatment with intravenous high-does MP immediate after aconite injection may have some beneficial effects in recovery of neurologic function although such a treatment do no have the definite recovery in aconite induced myelo-optic neuropathy(J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 37:1730~1740, 1996).