The Ongoing Monophthongization of 'ii' in Seoul Korean: A Sociophonological Account

Hyeon-Seok Kang 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.1

Kang, Hyeon-Seok. 1999. The Ongoing Monophthongization of 'ii' in Seoul Korean: A Sociophonological Account. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5, 25-58. This paper examines the current status of 'ii', the only remaining one among the six Middle Korean falling diphthongs. Supporting the suggestions by Kim-Renaud (986) and Y.C. Chung (1991), this article shows that this diphthong is also monophthongizing following the paths of the other falling diphthongs. It is also shown through quantitative evidence that the monophthongization of this diphthong involves not one diachronic change but three different changes. It is suggested that the monophthongization of 'ii' was mainly triggered by the structural pressure to eliminate the only remaining falling diphthong in contemporary Korean. This structural explanation is phonologically formalized within the Optimality Theory expanded by the notion of 'variable ranking' (Reynolds ]994). The phonological account also shows why the changes are under way as they are. (Kaya University)

e-비즈니스 활동이 품질경영성과에 미치는 영향

강현석,서영호 한국경영과학회 2001 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(1)

Although there are many factors that influence the managerial performance of organizations, many companies try to use electronic communication technology for customer satisfaction and process optimization these days. With the proliferation of telecommunication technologies, the traditional focus of information systems on the internal operation has shifted to external activities such as customer care and supplier/ partner relationships. In recent years, the Internet has come to revolutionize the way in which business is operated and is related with other businesses. Internet- oriented QM (Quality Management) activities have played a significant role in providing speedy, efficient, and accurate means of business transactions and business process reengineering especially in the areas of customer relationship management (CRM) and supplier/partner relationship management (SCM: supply chain management). The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of e-quality management (e-QM) activities on business quality and performance. In order to analyze the impact of e-QM empirically, e-QM activities are further divided into two groups, e-CRM and e-SCM. Activities in each group together with related technologies are defined. This study investigates the degree to which company's use of Internet and questionnaires to collect data for statistical analysis. From the empirical analysis, it is shown that the degree of e-QM operations is positively related with operational performance. This indicates that companies with more e-CRM and e-SCM activities tend to perform operations more efficiently and more effectively with possibly brighter future financial performances.

S.D. Rats를 이용 1, 1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane의 아민성 흡입독성 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,김철우,점용현,한정희,전윤석,최수영,강대봉,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

There were no specific effects for test materials on Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats in clinical symptoms, amounts of food intakes, weight changes, laboratory findings, and pathology after whole body l, l-Dichloro-1 -fluoroethane (used as coolant, metal cleaner and solvents) exposure(0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 ppm) for 13 weeks (6 hour/day, 5 days/week). However, the loss of capillary vessels in eyeball (pupil) was observed in a female rat among 6,000 ppm group. Though there was a tendency for MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in rat to be decreased (p<0.05), it was not regarded as abnormal because the values were within normal limits. In asthma-stimulation related evaluations, there was also a tendency for inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages to be increased. But it had no statistical significance, and also no dependency on sex and the exposed concentration. Based on this result, the non observed effect level (NOEL) induced by 1, 1-Dichloro-l -fluoroethene inhalation was evaluated in groups with 3,000 ppm below (S .D. Rats, 13 weeks). Finally, it was concluded that the short term exposal of 1, 1-Dichloro-l-fluoroethane is not considered as a asthma stimulant by inhalation despite of some study limitations such as test animals use and short-term exposure .

香氣療法에 사용되는 精油의 本草學的 接近

박지현,김종대,강석봉 동서의학사 2001 동서의학 Vol.26 No.3

찰성 및 메성 大麥의 品質에 關한 硏究

金碩鉉,韓鏡秀,姜晋鎬 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

國內外에서 蒐集한 찰보리의 栽培 可能性을 檢討하고 몇가지 品質特性을 메성보리와 比較하기 위하여 慶尙大學校 田作圃場에서 메보리 8品種, 찰보리 7品種과 맥주보리 4品種을 試驗栽培하여 分析한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 收量은 찰보리가 메보리 보다 낮고 導入찰보리인 Wanubet와 Wafranubet가 各各 73%, 77%로서 標準品種안 창녕 보다 낮다. 2. Amylose 含量은 맥주보리, 피과맥 메성, 찰보리의 順이며 導入철보리와 國內에서 育成한 찰보리 간의 差異는 없다. 3. 炊飯吸水率과 밥白度는 찰성이 메성보다 높다. 4. Amylogram 의 粘性에서 糊化溫度와 最高粘度時溫度는 찰성이 메성보다 낮고 最高粘度는 활성이 메성 보다 높다. 導入찰성과 國內에서 育成한 찰성보리간에는 差異를 認定 할 수 없다. Changes in the grain quality were examined in 8 non-waxy, 7 waxy and 4 malting barley cultivars(Hordeum,vulgare L.) collected from Korea and the U.S.A. Yield was higher in non-waxy barley. Wanubet and Wafranubet collected from the U.S.A. were 73 and 77%, respectively, of Changyeong in the yield. Malting and non-waxy barley contained more amylose than waxy types. No significant difference was observed in amylose content between Korea and U. S. A. cultivars. Waxy barley showed a higher water absorption ratio and cooking whiteness than non-waxy barley. Gelatinization temperature and the temperature at which maximum viscosity was lower in waxy than non-waxy barley. The reverse was true ill maximum viscosity. There was no significant difference in the viscosity of amylogram between Korea and U. S. A. cultivars.

청소년 지도학의 활동영역 활성화 연구

육현철,장갑석,최강진 한국체육대학교 2001 韓國體育大學校 敎養敎育論文集 Vol.- No.6

The Curriculum of National Cooking(Guidance) for the Youth Had Been established at the Myungji University in 1994 for the first time in the history of Korean college, and 8 universities Has, Recently and operate the course, These days the curriculum mostly concentrates on the subject of pedagogy and educational psychology. (ⅰ) To vitalize the juvenile's physical activity, the government concerned needs to make a political support in order each university to found the curriculum for the youth.And each university must open the course which the teenager can make physical activities free of charge. (ⅱ) The educational policy researching and developing the activity area of the youth is required.By educating them based upon the activity area, the youth can have a healthy body which results from sound spirit. (ⅲ) The youth Activity Centre is to be established and operated at each community or local district to vitalize the section for sport activity which the juvenile prefer.Physical promotion is needed to be desirable adult. (ⅳ) Today the computer system like internet and dlectronic entertainment/game give the large influence on all the juvenile.Herein we need to remind that almost young generation study by day and indulge in computer without Physical activity that lead to weak body and feeble spirit.Under those circumstances, we can find out the juvenile delinquent from to time. (ⅴ) Finally, it is greatly important and imperative to foster lots of professional experts/coaches who can understand the youth and guide them in a sound way.

상행성 운동마비와 보행 실조로 발현한 비전신성 혈관염성 신경병증 1예

김현석,김성민,권기한,이병철,신준현,강인수 대한노인병학회 1999 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.3 No.4

모 컴퓨터 회사 근로자 건강증진 사업 전개를 위한 수요조사

임현우,안병용,최환석,박정일,김경수,이강숙,김정아,구정완 가톨릭대학산업의학쎈타 산업의학연구소 1997 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.36 No.4

Before conducting the health promotion program, we surveyed the health risk appraisal(HRA) of 210 workers (186 men and 24 women) in a computer company, for the need assessment, selection of target population, priority setting, and as a standard for comparision after performing the program. The smokers were 115(88.6%), and drinkers (over 1 bottle of Soju per week) were 91(44.8%) in men. Entire women and 148(78.0%) men never or irregularly exercise. Type A personality were 73(39.2%) in men, 8(33.3%) in women, and 26(14.0%) of men and 6(25.0%) of women were high stress risk group. 53(25.2%) of men and 2(8.3%) of women were obese (BMI ≥25kg/m²), and workers who consumed exess of total calory compared with recommendation were 142(76.3%) in men and 18(75%) of women. By the health risk appraisal, it was suggested that smoking cessation program, drinking counselling, exercise prescription, stress management, and weight control program should be conducted effectively for the high risk group.

고위험군의 원발성 전신성 유전분증 1례 보고 및 조혈모세포이식에 대한 문헌고찰

심준,박수정,엄현석,김기영,박은정,강인중,조병식,이안희,한치화 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.2

저자 등은 클론성 형질세포질환과 동반된 젊은 연령의 원발성 전신성 유전분증 환자를 진단하였기에 다발성 골수종과의 감별 진단, 치료 , 예후 및 고용량 항암화학요법과 조혈모세포이식에 관하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a rapidly fatal disorder related to plasma cell dyscrasia. Conventional dose of melphalan, which prolongs the duration of survival by about 10 months, does not improve the functions of impaired organs in most cases. The high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue for AL, in spite of its high treatment-related mortality, is a new approach to achieve high response rate and better survival. We experienced a 35-year old man with AL(involving heart, liver, stomach, kidneys, peripheral nerve, and rectum) who did not respond to the standard schedule of melphalan plus prednisone and had rapidly fatal course with organ failure. Hence, we evaluate its availability by reviewing the recent reports of high dose chemotherapy in AL.

위암세포주에서 Recombinant Human Interferon-r와 Adriamycin의 투여순서가 항암효과에 미치는 영향

홍원선,손영숙,김창민,강윤구,이춘택,김유철,임영혁,남현석,이진오,강태웅 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Numerous previous studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have demonstrated that the cytotoxicity can be enhanced by the combination of chemotherapeutic agent and interferons(IFNs) in various types of cancer cells. We have previously reported that combined treatment of MKN-45, human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, with adriamycin(ADM) and recombinant human interferon-r(rh-IFN-r) increased in the cytotoxicity. In this study, the effects of combination timing of rh-IFN-r and ADM on the cytotoxicity against MKN-45 were investigated using MTT assay. MKN-45 was treated with rh-IFN-r and ADM in vitro on three schedules : Treat A ; rh-IFN-r and ADM were treated simultaneously, Treat B ; rh-IFN-r was treated 24 hours after the treatment with ADM, Treat C ; rh-IFN-r was treated for 72 hours and followed by the treatment with ADM. The survival of MKN -45 was inhibited by ADM dose-dependently. 102 and 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r significantly inhibited the survival of MKN-45(% survival : 35.1 ±-1.2% and 34.4 ±1.1% in Treat A and 42.5 ± 2.1% and 45.9-±2.5% in Treat C, respectively). However no difference in the survival was observed between 102 and 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r. Combined treatment with rh-IFN-r and ADM significantly augmented the cytotoxicity at low concentrations of ADM. Combined effects of rh-IFN-r and ADM were evaluated using IC30(,ag/ml) to ADM. IC30s of MKN-45 in Treat A, B and C at 102 U/ml of rh -IFN-r _ were 0.019 -?- 0.003, 0.045 :I:0.001 and 0.054 ± 0.012, respectively, while IC30 of MKN-45 treated with ADM alone was 0.052±0.004. IC30s of MKN-45 in ADM alone group, Treat A, Treat B and Treat C at 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r were 0.047 ±0.003, 0.004 -±0.001, 0.031 ±0.004 and 0.056 0.008, respectively. These results indicate IC30s of Treat A and B were significantly lower than those of ADM alone(p<0.05) and IC30s of Treat A was significantly lower than those of Treat B(p <0.01). IC30s of Treat C, however, were not different from those of ADM alone. From these results demonstrating that cytotoxic effects were increased by the combination of rh-IFN-r and ADM in the order, Treat A > Treat B> Treat C, it can be concluded that the simultaneous administration of rh-IFN-r and ADM may be the most effective method to combine these two therapeutic modalties.