해안지형 모니터링을 위한 해상모바일라이다 지형 측정 시스템 구축

김창환,김현욱,강길모,김기영,김원혁,박찬홍,도종대,이명훈,최순영,박현영,Kim, ChangHwan,Kim, HyunWook,Kang, GilMo,Kim, GiYoung,Kim, WonHyuck,Park, ChanHong,Do, JongDae,Lee, MyoungHoon,Choi, SoonYoung,Park, HyeonYeong 대한자원환경지질학회 2016 자원환경지질 Vol.49 No.4

해안지역은 레저공간, 요양, 항만 및 발전소 건설 등으로 인간의 활용이 용이한 공간으로써 그 이용이 점점 늘어나고 있다. 해안은 해양과 육지가 서로 만나며 지속적으로 변화하는 지역이다. 이렇듯 활발한 변동이 일어나고 있는 해안지형에 대한 정기적인 해안침식 모니터링이 필요하지만, 지상라이다(LiDAR : Light Detection and Ranging) 측량방법은 많은 시간 소요와 제약사항들이 있다. 이에 대한 보완책으로 한국해양과학기술원에서는 효율적인 해안지형 측량을 위한 해상모바일라이다 시스템을 구축하였다. 본 시스템은 선박에 지상라이다(RIEGL LMS-420i), 모션센서(MAGUS Inertial+)와 RTKGNSS(LEICA GS15 GS25)를 함께 고정 설치하여 해안선을 따라 선박을 운항하며 일정한 방향(해안 방향)으로 스캔하면서 탐사한다. 지상라이다로는 침식이 진행된 해안을 측량시, 해안침식에서 중요한 전빈지역에 음영대가 많이 발생하여 관측에 어려움이 있다. 하지만 이 해상모바일라이다 시스템을 활용하면 음영대를 효과적으로 관측할 수 있으며, 선박이 해안선을 따라 이동하며 연속측량 할 수 있어, 비교적 짧은 시간에 넓은 지역을 효율적으로 관측할 수 있다. 본 시스템을 이용하여 강릉항 주변 안목 송정해변에 대하여 실험 측량을 실시하고 검토하였다. 이와 같은 효율적인 시스템 이용하여 침식피해가 심각한 해안을 대상으로 효과적인 정밀 측량 모니터링을 실시하고 그 변화 양상을 파악한다면 연안침식대응기술 개발 및 연안침식통합관리체계 도출에 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Coastal areas, used as human utilization areas like leisure space, medical care, ports and power plants, etc., are regions that are continuously changing and interconnected with oceans and land. Regular monitoring of coastal changes is essential at key locations with such volatility. But the survey method of terrestial LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) system has much time consuming and many restrictions. For effective monitoring coastal changes, KIOST(Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) has constructed a shipborne mobile LiDAR system. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system, installed in a research vessel, comprised a land based LiDAR(RIEGL LMS-420i), an IMU(MAGUS Inertial+), a RTKGNSS(LEICA GS15 GS25), and a fixed platform. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system is much more effective than a land based LiDAR system in the measuring of fore shore areas without shadow zone. Because the vessel with the shipborne mobile LiDAR system is continuously moved along the shoreline, it is possible to efficiently survey a large area in a relatively short time. We conducted test measurements in the Anmok-Songjung beach around the Gangneung port. Effective monitoring of the changes using the constructed shipborne mobile LiDAR system for seriously eroded coastal areas will be able to contribute to coastal erosion management and response.

배추흰나비 (Pieris rapae L.)의 미세구조에 관한 연구 II. 난소(卵巢)의 발생(發生)과 난성숙(卵成熟)

김창환,김우갑,김지현,Kim, C.W.,Kim, W.K.,Kim, J.H. 한국현미경학회 1985 Applied microscopy Vol.15 No.1

A observation of the ovarian development and oogenesis of Pieris rapae Linne has been carried out during metamorphosis using stereo-microscope, light microscope and electron microscope. The results obtained through this experiment are as follows: 1. The ovarian development and vitellogenesis begin at the 3-day old pupa and the 6-day old pupa respectively, and the adult ovary right after their emergence contains a few mature eggs. 2. The species described above are further observed at six different stages in oogenesis, and the results are summarized as follows. 1) Pieris rapae has polytrophic ovarioles. The cell organelles of the nurse cells are transfered to the oocyte through the ring canal at the early oogenesis. 2) At stage 2, the nuclear envelope of oocyte nucleus is less infolding than that of nurse cell nucleus. In the oocyte cytoplasm a large number of ribosomes are observed. 3) At stage 3 and 4, many micropinocytotic vesicles are observed in the oocyte cytoplasm. These vesicles are fused together to form large proteid yolks. 4) At stage 5, the vitelline membrane is laid down in the intercellular space between the follicle cells and oocyte. 5) At stage 6, the chorion is formed by the follicle cells. 6) A micropyle and a number of aeropyle are observed on the surface of a mature egg.

한국산 산개구리(Rana dybowskii Guenther)의 뇌하수체 전엽에 관한 연구 - II. 동면기와 활동기의 미세구조적 차이

김창환,김우갑,이근옥,김지현,김형배,Kim Chang-Whan,Kim Woo-Kap,Lee Keun-Ok,Kim Ji-Hyun,Kim Hyong-Bai 한국현미경학회 1981 Applied microscopy Vol.11 No.1

활동기와 동면기중 Rana dybowoskii Guenther의 뇌하수체 전엽을 전자현미경적으로 비교한 결과 7 가지의 cell type를 구분할 수 있었으며 이 cell type 중 type 5 에서 많은 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다. Cell type 1 : 분비 과립의 크기는 $375{\sim}687m{\mu}$ 정도였고 모양은 완전 구형이었다. Cell type 2 : 분비과립의 크기는 $250{\sim}437m{\mu}$ 정도였으나 모양은 비교적 다양하였다. Cell type 3 : 분비과립의 크기는 $125{\sim}187m{\mu}$ 정도고 모양은 난형내지 rod 형이었다. Cell type 4 : electron density 가 가장 낮으며 과립의 밀도는 제일 높았다. 모양은 매우 다양하였으며 가끔 대과립도 관찰되었다. 분리과립의 크기는 대개 $210{\sim}420m{\mu}$ 정도이다. Cell type 5 : electron density는 cell type 4 와 유사하나 분비과립의 윤곽은 cell type 4 보다 훨씬 뚜렷하였다. 과립의 밀도는 cell type 4 보다 낮으며 모양은 cell type 4와 비슷하나 rod 형이 많다. 분비과립의 크기는 $200{\sim}863m{\mu}$이다. Cell type 6 : type 2와 비슷하나 cytoplasm 의 electron density가 매우 낮은 light cell 이다. 분비 과립의 크기는 대개 $232{\sim}316m{\mu}$이다. Cell type 7 : 어떤 분비 과립도 함유하고 있지 않은 미분화된 세포이다. 활동기와 동면기의 차이점은 type 5 에서 관찰 할 수 있었다. 즉 활동기에는 분바과립이 매우 발달하였으나 동면기에는 매우 감소되며 cytoplasm에는 크고 작은 vacuole로 가득 차있다. The pars distalis of the Korean frogs (Rana dybowskii Guenther) during hibernating and active periods was observed with the electron microscope. Seven cell types were classified according to the size and shape of secretory granules and to the ultrastructural characteristics. There were many differences between hibernating and active frogs in type 5 cells. Therefore the following results were observed. Cell type 1; This type cell contains spherical secretory granules, $375{\sim}687m{\mu}$ in diameter. Cell type 2; This type cell contains various secretory granules, $250{\sim}437m{\mu}$ in diameter Cell type 3; Spherical and rod-shaped granules, $l25{\sim}187m{\mu}$ in diameter were observed. Cell type 4; In this type cell, the electron density is the lowest and the density of granules is the highest of all type cells. This type cell contains various secretory granules and large secretory granules, $2l0{\sim}420m{\mu}$ in diameter, were also observed. Cell type 5; The electron density of this cells is similar to that of type 4 cells. The density of granules is lower than that of type 4 cells. And the shapes of the secretory granules are similar to those of type 4 cells. But many rod shaped granules, $200{\sim}863m{\mu}$ in diameter, were also observed. Cell type 6; This type was similar to type 2. The electron density of cytoplasm is very low. Spherical granules, $232{\sim}316m{\mu}$ in diameter, were observed. Cell type 7; This type of cell has no secretory granules. This cell is not developed very well. The type 5 cells in hibernating frogs are different from cells in active frogs. In type 5 cells, many secretory granules were observed during active period. But the number of secretory granules were greatly declined and there were many vacuoles in cytoplasm during hibernating period.

Helicobacter pylori 감염 위상피세포에서 MicroRNA 발현 변화

김창환,김성수,김태호,정우철,김재광,Chang Whan Kim,Sung Soo Kim,Tae Ho Kim,Woo Chul Chung,Jae Kwang Kim 대한소화기암연구학회 2017 Journal of digestive cancer reports Vol.5 No.2

Background: The expression of miRNAs in response to Helicobacter pylori infection has not been well explored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the H. pylori associated miRNAs in the gastric epithelial cells. Methods: We investigated gastric epithelial cell-line (HS3C) exposed H. pylori over 3 months and AGS cell-line (AGS) exposed H. pylori for 6 hour. After the extraction of miRNA from these cell-lines, microarray and real time PCR were performed to confirm the alteration of expression. Results: All 12 miRNAs chosen for real-time PCR are based on the result of microarray and their potential functions related to H. pylori infection. miR-21, miR-221, miR-222 were upregulated in the H. pylori infected AGS cell for 6 hours and HS3C cells. miR-99b, miR-200b, miR-203b and miR-373 were downregulated in the H. pylori infected AGS cell for 6 hours and HS3C cells. miR-23a, miR-23b, miR-125b, miR-141 and miR-155 were upregulated in HS3C cell line but not in H. pylori infected AGS cell for 6 hours. Conclusion: miR-21, miR-99b, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-203b, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-373 are supposed to be related with oncogenesis of H. pylori infection. Further studies are needed for the evaluation of the function of these confirmed miRNAs.

주사탐침현미경을 이용한 Si 표면 국부 산화피막 형성시 선 높이에 대한 탐침 전위, 편향 셋포인트, 탐침 속도의 영향

김창환,최정우,신운섭,Kim Chang-Hwan,Choi Jeong-Woo,Shin Woon-Sup 한국전기화학회 2006 한국전기화학회지 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구에서는 주사탐침현미경을 이용한 Si 표면의 국부 산화피막 형성에 있어서, 탐침이 움직이면서 생기는 $SiO_2$의 일차원적인 선의 높이가 탐침 전위, deflection setpoint, 탐침 속도에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는지 고찰해 보았다. -3 V 보다 작은 탐침 전위에서는 국부 산화피막 형성이 관찰되지 않았으며 -3 V 보다 큰 탐침 전위에서는, 탐침 속도가 $1{\mu}m/s$일 때, 1 V씩 증가함에 따라 0.47nm의 비율로 선의 높이가 높아졌다. Deflection setpoint는 탐침이 가하는 기계적인 힘의 표지가 되는데, $12\sim18nN$ 정도의 힘이 가해지지 않으면 국부 산화피막 형성이 관찰되지 않았다. 그 이상의 힘이 가해져야 국부 산화피막 형성이 관찰되는데 이때 선의 높이는 기계적인 힘과 무관하였다. 탐침 속도가 빨라짐에 따라 선의 높이는 낮아졌으나, 탐침 전위가 -5V인 경우, 0.7nm 이하로 낮아지지는 않았다. The effects of tip voltage, deflection setpoint, and tip velocity on height of $SiO_2$ line drawn by local anodization on Si wafer using scanning probe microscope were investigated. No local anodization was detected at smaller than -3 V of tip voltage. The line height increased at rate of 0.47 nm/V when the tip voltage is stronger than -3 V at $1{\mu}m/s$ tip velocity. From deflection setpoint, mechanical force between tip and substrate could be calculated and the threshold farce was $12\sim18nN$. The height of anodized $SiO_2$ lines is independent of the magnitude of force above the threshold force. The line height decreased as increasing the tip velocity and limited to 0.7 nm at -5 V tip voltage.

배추흰나비 (Pieris rapae L.)의 미세구조(微細構造)에 관한 연구(硏究) I . 배관(背管)의 미세구조(微細構造)

김창환,김우갑,이근옥,Kim, C.W.,Kim, W.K.,Lee, K.O. 한국현미경학회 1985 Applied microscopy Vol.15 No.1

The ultrastructure on the dorsal vessel of 5-day-old cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae L., was carried out using the transmission and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows. 1) The aorta. The aorta is simple tubular type and consists of the inner and outer membrane of the myocardium and thick myocardium is located between them. However the inner membrane with $0.26{\mu}m$ thickness and outer membrane with $0.08{\mu}m$ are composed of fibrous materials, the former is composed of low and high densed fibrous materials and the latter appears homogeneous layer. The myocardium consists of typical striated muscles. The sarcomere with $1.6{\mu}m$ length and in cross section, each thick filaments are surrounded by $7{\sim}8$ thin filaments. The intercalated disc is joining the end of the two muscle cells, desmosomes and septate junctions are appeared between the neighboring muscle cells. 2) The heart. The heart composing of myocardium enclosed by its inner and outer membrane as the aorta has a series of well formed segmental chamber. The arrangement of myofilaments, cell adhensions and membrane elements are observed as same as at the aorta. The inner membrane of the heart is deeply invaginated into the myocardium than the outer membrane and a lot of well developed mitochondria with rod shape are aggregated in the folds. The longitudinally and transversely oriented tubule system formed by invagnation of the sarcolemma into the muscle bundle is built up dyad with the sarcoplasmic reticulum as the aorta. The slit is formed by deeply invagination of the inner membrane of myocadium toward the muscle layer and then the inner and outer membrane of myocardium are fused. Therefore, the ostium is formed between the myocardium and situated at the lateral side of the myocardium.

생체분리 면역세포를 이용한 면역기전 연구

김창환,박상진,Kim, Changhwan,Park, Sangjin 한국군사과학기술학회 2013 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Primary-cultured immune cells are widely used in research to elucidate the mechanism of inflammation including chemotaxis, production of reactive oxygen species, cytokine release and antigen presenting. Mice are one of the species of experimental animals commonly used for such studies. Immune cells can be isolated and cultured from various organs such as bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lung, spleen. For elaborated experimental studies, immune cells should be elicited with inflammatory substances or proliferated in vitro with special media. This paper details methods of obtaining immune cells from various organs of mice and investigating immune mechanism using isolated immune cells. It contains standard protocols of isolating and culturing immune cells from bone marrow, peritoneal cavity and lymphoid organs. It also covers the methods of investigating immune mechanism such as ELISA, western blotting, confocal microscopy and ELISPOT assay. With the works in this study, we established the standardized isolation and analysis methods of primary-cultured immune cells.

DIGITAL 전자교환기의 애스펙트

김창환,Kim, Chang-Hwan 한국전자정보통신산업진흥회 1981 電子振興 Vol.1 No.7

도시근린공원 식생의 생태학적 진단 -전주화산공원을 중심으로-

김창환,명현,Kim, Chang-Hwan,Myung, Hyun 한국조경학회 2001 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.6

This study is to offer the basic information and materials for the restoration of the urban forest and the ecologically healthy and continuous green belt through the investigation and the analysis on the vegetation in Hwasan Park, Chonju-City. The flora of Hwasan Neighborhood park was composed of 86 families 230 genera, 261 species, 35 varieties, 1 formae or 298 Taxa. Among them, calculation of Pte-Q Index represented 0.60, Fisher's Index. Some characteristics of the plants in this area have represented such as Th-D1-R5 type in biological type, erect form(64.6%) in growth type, 30 taxa in naturalized plants. The life form spectra investigated from Hwasan neighborhood park was recognized as the following M"17.4%, N:11.4%, E:0.3%, Ch:0%, H:29.8%, G:6.7%, HH:0%, Th:34.2%. By the Z-M method 5 plant communities and 3 afforestation were recognized; Quercus variabilis community, Q.acutissima community, Q.serrata community, Sorbus alnifolia community, Pinus densiflora community, P.rigida afforestation, Robinia pseudo-acacia afforestation and Larix leptolepis afforestation. The actual vegetation map constructed on the grounds of the communities classified and other data. The pattern of successional trend of tree species might be suggested: L. leptoleipis, P. rigida and P. densifloralongrightarrowQ.variabilis and Q.acutissimalongrightarrowS.alnifolia and Q.serratalongrightarrowCarpinus tschonoskii community. Three measurements of species diversity (richness index(SR), Shannon-Wiener index(H'), evenness index(J')) and their relationship with community type were studied in the surveyed plant communities. Q.serrata community was higher in SR, H', J' than the other communities, whereas R.pseduo-acacia afforestation was low. Finally, The vegetation of the Hwasan neighborhood park must not allowed any more. Nothing ca be better than native states in preserving the ecosystems.tems.

차세대 수동 광네트워크 기술

김창환,Kim, Chang-Hwan 한국광산업진흥회 2003 광산업정보 Vol.17 No.-