경주 분황사지 출토 청동기에 나타난 기술변천에 관한 연구

정영동,박장식 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Ever since its first appearance in the Korean peninsula, bronze must have been playing an important role in Korean history. Due to the lack of metallurgical work, however, the archaeological study, based primarily on artifact typology, has produced little information on the technical aspects of bronze production in Korea. With this problem in mind and to understand the evolution of Korean bronze, the present study has examined microstructure of bronze artifacts excavated from the Boonhwang temple site in Kyongju. Three artifacts from other sites were also examined for comparison. Important evidence of technical transition was noticed in alloy composition and also in various thermo-mechanical treatments. The Sn content approaching the peritectic point in the Cu-Sn phase diagram and the removal of Pb from alloys were clearly evident with time. This change was coupled with the introduction, subsequent to casting, of special treatments such as quenching and forging. This study is to establish a general framework, though rough, that may be referenced and refined in future studies to the better assessment of Korean bronze technology with respect to its progressive development and its role in history. (Received June 8, 2004)

박막 크로멜-알루멜 열전퇴형 교류-직류 변환기

정인식,김호운,김진섭,이정희,이종현,신장규,박세일,권성원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

A planar chromel-alumel multijunction ac-dc converter was fabricated on a LPCVD Si_(3)N_(4)/SiO_(2)/Si_(3)N_(4)-diaphragm, prepared by silicon bulk micromachining, which thermally isolated a bifilar evanohm-heater and the hot junctions of a chromel-alumel thermopile from the silicon substrate. The voltage responsivity, the ac-dc transfer error, and the fluctuation of the output thermoelectric voltage of the converter were investigated. The respective voltage responsivities in air and in a vacuum of the converter were about 3.16 mV/mW and 9.41 mV/mW. The ac-dc voltage and the current transfer errors in air were about ±1.5 ppm and ±0.7 ppm in a frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz, respectively. The fluctuation of the output thermoelectric voltage from 5 seconds to 120 seconds after preheating in air for 5 seconds was about 0.06 % for a heater input of dc 1 V.

위의 유암종과 선종의 병발 1례

장재식,강혁주,이중현,서영범,윤병구,김용섭,이구,서정일,양창헌,이창우,김정란,윤환중 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

유암종은 전신에 퍼져 잇는 장크롬친화성 세포에서 기원하는데 위의 유암종은 비교적 드문 질환으로 모든 유암종의 1.9~2.2%에 해당하며 위에 발생하는 종양의 1% 미만에서 보고되고 있다. 유암종은 일반적으로 증상이 비특이적이고 면역조직화학검사에 의해서 진단되기 때문에 과거에는 드물게 발견되었으나 최근 내시경 기기 및 술기의 발전과 검사 빈도의 증가 및 면역조직화학검사의 발달로 진단율이 증가 추세에 있으며, 드물지만 유암종에서 선암과 공존하는 예들이 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 심와부 동통을 주소로 내원한 70세 남자 환자의 상부위장관내시경 검사에서 위체상부의 대만곡에서 0.4×0.4 cm 크기의 중간 함몰을 가진 Yamada 1형의 용종과 함께 전정부의 전벽에서 0.8×0.5 cm 크기의 융기된 점막 소견을 보여 조직학적으로 각각 위유암종 및 위선종임을 확진한 후 내시경적 용종 절제술로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Carcinoid tumors are arisen from enterochromaffin cells, which are scattered throughout the body. These tumors are composed of variable numbers of cells that contain endocrine granules in their cytoplasm, which can be identified by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Gastric carcinoid tumors are relatively rare tumor, the reported incidence being 1.9~2.2% of all carcinoid tumors and less than 1% of all gastric tumors. Sometimes, composite carcinoid tumors and adenocarcinoma is reported. We experienced a case of the coincidence of carcinoid tumor and adenoma at the other site of the stomach in a 70 year old male patient. Gastrofiberscope showed 0.4×0.4 cm sized Yamada type I polyp with central depression on the greater curvature of the proximal body and 0.8×0.5 cm sized focal slightly elevated mucosa on the anterior wall of the antrum. The endoscopic biopsy specimens revealed carcinoid tumor and tubular adenoma with moderate atypism, respectively. The carcinoid tumor and adenoma were removed by endoscopic polypectomy. According to the follow-up gastrofiberoscopy after 7 month later, both lesions were nearly normal mucosa except whitish atrophic change after polypectomy.

가용성 폴리피롤의 합성 및 특성분석

장관식,박종주,오응주,서정선 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학논문집 Vol.13 No.-

Dodecylbenzenesulfonate와 naphthalenesulfonic acid를 음이온도판트로 사용하고 산화제로 (NH₄)₂S₂O??을 사용하여 상온에서 가용성 폴리피롤을 화학적으로 합성하였다. 제조된 폴리피롤을 여러가지 유기용매(m-cresol, 콜로포름, NMP, DMSO등)에 녹여 free standing film을 제조하였다. 폴리피롤 free standing film은 실온에서 10??∼6S/cm의 전기전도도와 15∼20MPa의 인장강도를 나타내었다. 클로로포름, m-cresol용매에서 제조한 폴리피롤 용액은 UV-Vis./NIR 스펙트라의 측정결과 근적외선영역에서의 free carrier tail 현상을 보여주었고, 폴리피롤 free standing film은 매끈한 표면을 형성하였으며 TGA 측정결과 450℃ 부근에서의 고분자의 분해에 기인되는 중량감소를 나타내었다. 제조된 폴리피롤은 PMMA 등의 고분자와의 우수한 혼합특성을 나타내었다. Doped polypyrroles with anionic dopants, dodecylbenzenesulfonate and naphthalenesulfonic acid which are soluble in various organic solvents are chemically synthesized by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with ammonium persulfate as a oxidant. Free standing films prepared from several solvents(m-cresol, chloroform, NMP, DMSO etc.) show electrical conductivities of 10??∼6S/cm and tensile strength of 15∼20MPa. Polypyrrole solution prepared from m-cresol and chloroform shows free carrier tail in the near IR region which is attributed to the delocalization of charge carriers and free standing films prepared from these solvents shows smooth surface morphology and the weight loss due to the degradation of polymer chain around 450oC. Polypyrrole solutions prepared from m-cresol and chloroform show high degree of miscibility with PMMA and good film forming property.

共犯의 處罰

장중직,박현준 효성여자대학교 법정연구소 1997 법정연구 Vol.4 No.-

Der Strafgrund des Teilnehmerdelikts ist kein anderer als der des Ta¨terdelikts: ra¨mlich die eigene wertverfehlung im Willenseverhalten und imgeistigen verhalten. Wie der Ta¨ter, so hat auch der Teilnehmer seine Straftat "fu¨r sich" : wenn das Strafgesetz das Teilnegmerdelikt weitgehend von einer begangenen Haupttat abha¨ngig macht, so hat das seien Grund nur in der Strafwu¨rdigkeit schon aus Gru¨nden des verletzten Rechtsguts besonders groβ ist, keine begangene Haupttat fu¨r die Strafbarkeit voraussetzt. Anstifung und Beihilfe sind gegennu¨ber der Teilnahme erigbt sich femer, wie die straffreien Bereich abzugrenzen sind. Nach der a¨lteren Schuldteilnachmetheorie wird der Teilnehmer deswegen besttraft, weil er den Ta¨ter in Schuld und Strafe gefu¨hrt und auβerde bei der Tat mitgewirkt hat("peccet in se et alium peccare facit"). Diese Leher ist schon deswegen nicht mehr haltbar, weil sie edm $ 29 StGB widerspricht, der Teilnahme auch an schuldlser Haupttat Zula¨βt. Die Fa¨ller der Teilnahme an der Tat des schuldunfa¨higen Ta¨ters sind zwar in der praxis selten, da meistens mittelbare Ta¨terschaft vorliegen wird. Duch ist auch in dem Normalfa¨llen wenigstens das Maβ der Schuld des Teilnehemrs von der des Ta¨ters ganz unabha¨nging, was gegen des Schuldteilnahemtheorie u¨ber haupt spricht./ Bei die Unrechtsteilnachemtheorie, Hauftungsgrund kann sein, daβ der Ta¨ter fremdes Unrecht ermo¨glicht: Die fremde Tat ist dann der Erfolg der Teilnahemehandlung. Die positivrechtiche Abha¨ngigkit des Teilnahemrunrechts vom Unrecht der Haupttat Ia¨βt sich mit diesem Haftungsnrund gut erkla¨ren, insbesonder such die Mo¨glichkeit einer strafbqren Teilnahme des Extraneus am Sonerdelikt : Des Ta¨ter unrecht ist der Erfolg des Teilnehmeverhaltens: um das im Ta¨terdelikt angegriffene Gut geht es nur noch mitteibar. Bei die Versachungstheorie, Der Lo¨sungsweg der Verursachungstheorie verla¨ft entgegengesetzt: Nicht das Unrecht das Unrecht das Ta¨ters wird dem Teilnehmer zugerchnet, sondem die - freilich mittelabre - Erfolgsverursachung druch den Teilnehemr selbest, und zwar die Verursachung desjenigen Erfolgs. der Erfolg der Ta¨ter ist. Wie bei der Theorie der Unrechtsteilnahme die Beziehung des Teilnihmers zum Erfolg der Haupttat verku¨mmert, so verku¨mmert hier die Vermittlnug des Erfolgs durch einen unnecht handelnen Ta¨ter. Die hier vertretene Lehre von der Teilnahme als einem "akzessorischen Rehtsgutsangiff" I¨βt sich demnach zwischen der "reine" und der "akzessorieta¨tsorientierten" Verursachungstheorte einordren. Sie vermeidet, dte Einseitigkeiten beider, indem sie das daneben aber immer auch einen selbsta¨ndigen Rechtsgutsangriff enthalte. Sie ist demnach eine "gemischte Verursachungstheorte". Zugleich ergibt sich, daβ die wissenschaftliche Diskussion sich im wesentlichen nicht mehr, wie es heute meist noch dargestellt wird, zwischen dne Polen der Schuld - bzw Unrechtsteilnahmetheorie einerseits und der Verursechungstheorie andererseits bewgt, sondem daβ der Streit auf der gemeinsaman Grundlage der Verur sa ch un -gsstheorie vor allem darum geht, ob und inwieweit das er fo lg -sbezogene Teilnagmeunrecht selbsta¨ndig oder aus der Ta¨tertat abzuleiten ist.

스키시즌권 구매자들의 스키장별 선호도 조사

장현철,김경식,방준현,최천진,엄정식,김응준,이루지 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception and preference of skiers in a bid to provide ski resorts with useful information about successful positioning strategy. The subjects in this study were 9,722 skiers who purchased season tickets from N web site that sold ski season tickets. Their online purchasing route and page view were analyzed to find out what factors affected their purchase of ski season tickets. The findings of this study were as follows: First, 78 percent of the people investigated were make, and 22 percent were female. By age, the largest group was in their 20s(5,344 skiers), followed by those in their 30s(3,434), those in their 40s(631) and teenagers(229). Second, their page view rate with Yangji recorded highest with 24%, followed by Sungwoo Resort with 23% and Chonmasan with 13 percent. Third, by geographic area, the skiers from southern Gyeonggi province bought the largest number of tickets for the 2002/2003 season, followed by Gangweon province residents and northem Gyeonggi province dwellers. In the case of the 2003/2004 season, those from Gangweon provinece pruchased the most tickets, followed by southern Gyeonggi province dwellers and north Gyeonggi province residents.

李德懋의 日本硏究

鄭章植 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 1995 人文科學論集 Vol.14 No.-

윤곽검출용 CMOS 시각칩의 수평억제기능에 대한 해석

김정환,박대식,박종호,김경문,공재성,신장규,이민호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

임상 증상이 심하지 않은 심낭 삼출 환자의 장기 추적 결과

배장호,김기식,강미숙,남명희,김미정,김민수,김기영,님창욱,김윤년,김권배,정시전,김여희 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.7

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 32×32 방사형 CMOS 시각칩의 설계 및 제조

박대식,박종호,김경문,이수경,김현수,김정환,이민호,신장규 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.2

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 시각칩을 픽셀수 32x32의 방사형 구조로 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 설계 및 제조하였다. 생체의 망막은 넓은 범위의 입력 광강도에 대해서 물체의 윤곽을 검출할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 시세포, 수평세포, 쌍극세포로 이루어진 망막의 윤곽검출 기능을 모델링하여 윤곽검출용 인공시각칩을 설계하였다. 국소 광적응을 위해, 입력 광강도에 따라 수용야의 크기를 국소적으로 바뀌게 하였다. 아울러 단위셀을 방사형으로 배치함으로써 영상데이터의 양을 감소시킴과 동시에 칩의 중심부분으로 갈수록 해상도가 높아지도록 설계하였다. 설계된 칩은 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal 표준 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 제조되었으며. HSPICE 시뮬레이션으로 성능을 최적화 시켰다. A 32x32 pixels foveated (linear-polar) stucture retina chip with the function of local-light adaptation for edge detection has been designed and fabricated using CMOS technology. Human retina can detect a wide range of light intensity. In this study, we use the biologically-inspired visual signal processing mechanism that consists of photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells in order to implement the function of edge detection in the retina chip. For a local-light adaptive function, the size of receptive field is changed locally according to the input light intensity. The spatial distribution of sensing pixels in the foveated retina chip has the advantages of selective reduction of image data and good resolution in central part to carry out the elaborate image processing with still enough resolution in the outer parts. The designed chip has been fabricated using standard 0.6 ㎛ double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology and optimized using HSPICE simulator.