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Son, Ji Yeon,Kang, Yoon Jong,Kim, Kyeong Seok,Kim, Tae Hyung,Lim, Sung Kwang,Lim, Hyun Jung,Jeong, Tae Cheon,Choi, Dal Woong,Chung, Kyu Hyuck,Lee, Byung Mu,Kim, Hyung Sik Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.2
Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.
Ji Yeon Son,Yoon Jong Kang,Kyeong Seok Kim,Tae Hyung Kim,Sung Kwang Lim,Hyun Jung Lim,Tae Cheon Jeong,Dal Woong Choi,Kyu Hyuck Chung,Byung Mu Lee,Hyung Sik Kim 한국독성학회 2014 Toxicological Research Vol.30 No.2
Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.
한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고
최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1
The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.
이영식,하기성,김달한,손진언 東亞大學校 大學院 1990 大學院論文集 Vol.15 No.-
From the experiments on the adsorption of binary mixtures of benzoic acid-phenol in the fixed bed column packed with activated carbon, the following results are obtained. 1. For the equilibrium adsorption of unicomponent and binary system are fairly well consistent with freundlich's equation. 2. The breakthrough time and selective separation are linearly increased with the lengh of adsorption column. And the slope of benzoic acid which has large equilibrium adsorption is larger than that of pherol. 3. The substitunt coefficients increase with the concentration ratio. 4. The increase in the flow rate does not bring the equivalent increase in the breakthrough time.
우달식,문정기,구성은,최종헌,김주환,문광순 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.5
This study evaluated the effect of the corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion control performance in drinking water distribution system. A phosphate-zinc based inhibitor formulated was for the efficient corrosion control in drinking water distribution system. In a continuous-circulation test, 99% reduction in corrosion rate was achieved. The optimum concentration of the corrosion inhibitor was found to be 2.2㎎ PO₄/L. The effect of the corrosion inhibitor was significant for the pipes of carbon steel, galvanized steel and copper, but less for that of stainless steel. The corrosion inhibitor can be an effective cure for corrosion and red water problems by prevention the old pipes from further corrosion. Tap water in Mokpo and Kwangyang were more corrosive than the water in the rest of 4 other regions(Seoul, Pohang, Pusan, Puyeo). Tap water in Pusan was high in various ionic concentrations in general. The corrosion inhibitor reduced the corrosion rate by 76-94%, depending on the origin of the tap water.
손진언,김달한,후루야에이지,조영삼,이성식,야마시타세이치 東亞大學校 大學院 1991 大學院論文集 Vol.16 No.-
Uptake curves were obtained for p-nitrophenol/XAD-2000 resin system using a shallow-bed method for various concentration ranges at 298.2K. Distilled water was employed as solvent. The values of effective intraparticle diffusivity were detrermined by comparing experimental and theoretical uptake curves. The values obtained for solvent i. e, distilled water system was not dependent on the amount adsorbed in the higher concentration range. Those results shows that, except in the region where there is a low adsorbed amount, and adsorber packed with macrorecticular resin particles can be designed using a traditional pore diffusion model.
조관형,김평청,우달식,조영태 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4
본 연구의 시료는 현재 서울특별시와 수도권 도시들에서 상수원수로 이용하고 있는 한강수를 대상으로 수행되었다. 배·급수계통의 2차 소독을 위한 클로라민소독의 특성에 관하여 고찰하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 25 ℃, Cl_2 / NH_3-N비 1:1 ~ 14:1에서 pH6, 7, 8의 불연속점은 각각 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비 11:1, 9:1, 10:1이었다. pH6의 경우, Cl_2 / NH_3-N비가 9:1일 때 총 잔류염소량이 최대인 반면, pH7, 8의 경우 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비가 각각 6:1, 5:1일 때 최대가 되었다. 2) pH가 6, 7, 8로 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민이 최대로 생성되는 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비는 7:1에서 5:1로 이동하였으며, pH6 ~ 8 범위에서 pH가 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민의 생성량이 많았다. 3) 클로라민의 분해는 Cl_2 / NH_3-N비가 증가하고 pH가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 클로라민의 잔류성은 유리염소보다 월등히 좋았다. pH6에서 모노클로라민과 디클로라민이 생성된 이후, 접촉시간이 경과함에 따라 디클로라민의 분포비가 증가하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of chloramination as a secondary disinfection in a drinking water distribution system. At the range from pH 6 to pH 8, monochloramine was predominant with a trace of dichloramine, and the free chlorine was detected after breakpoint. At 25℃, the breakpoints of pH 6, 7 and 8 appeared when the weight ratios of chlorine to ammonia nitrogen were 11:1, 9:1 and 10:1 respectively, and the peak points on the breakpoint curves at pH 6, 7 and 8 were in the Cl_2 / NH_3-N ratio of 9:1, 6:1 and 5:1 respectively. As pH increased from 6 to 8, maximum point of monochloramine on the breakpoint curve was moved from 7:1 to 5:1 in the weight ratio of chlorine to ammonia nitrogen. The maximum concentration of monochloramine was formed at the pH values of 7~8 and in the Cl_2 / NH_3-N ratio below 5:1. As the Cl_2 / NH_3-N ratio increased and the pH lowered, chloramines decay proceeded at an increased rate, and residual chloramines lasted longer than the residual free chlorine. The monochloramine and the dichloramine were formed at pH 6, and then the dichloramine continued increasing with contact lime.