유기용매에서 치과용 콤포짓트 레진의 시효처리에 따른 표면조도 및 색 변화

임범순,김철위,문현정 대한치과기재학회 1999 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of color stability and examine the surface change of esthetic restorative materials in various organic solutions. Ten esthetic restorative materials were used : three chemical-cured composite resins(HPC, PAS, and PAL), four light-cured composite resins(CHA, Z100, AEL, and FLO), three light-cured polyacid modified composite resins(HYT, DYR, and COM). Specimens were prepared as disks of 14mm in diameter and 1.2mm in thickness. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in six different solutions(distilled water, artificial saliva with mucin, 0.1 mole acetic acid solution, 10% hydrogen peroxide solution, and 50% and 75% ethanol) for 1,7,14,21,28,56,84,112, and 140 days. The specimens were maintained at 37℃ throughout the study. Color was measured by CIE L*a*b* against to CIE standard illuminant C reflected on spectrophotometer(CM-3500d, Minolta, Japan.) with specular component exclusive(SCE). After various treatments, the surface of specimens was examined by Surface Roughness Tester(Surtronic 3P, Rank Taylor Hobson Ltd., England.). From the experiment, the following results were obtained. In distilled water, specimens showed an acceptable color stability except for CFS. The water hardening glass ionomer cement, CFS, showed the highest color change(△E>5.0). Color stability of specimens in artificial saliva with mucin was similar to that in distilled water. CFS and KTM showed high color change(△E>5.0) and it would not be acceptable in the clinical situation. In acetic acid solution, all of the glass ionomer cements and compomer specimens showed high color change due to the dissociation of metal-polyacrylate by chemical reaction with H+ ions. CFS, FLC, and FLT showed high color change in ethanol. Color change of specimens in 50% ethanol was higher than that in 75% ethanol. 10% hydrogen peroxide solution resulted in high color change for chemical-cure glass ionomer cements and destroyed the specimens. FLC and CPG showed high color change due to oxidation of residual reaction accelerator and inhibitor by hydrogen peroxide.

지속적인 기립 작업에 의한 만성 하지 정맥 부전증 1예

정철,임현술,유선희 약업신문사 1984 의약정보 Vol.10 No.1

지속적인 기립 작업에 의한 만성 하지 정맥 부전증 1예

정철,임현술,유선희 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2003 東國醫學 Vol.10 No.1

저자들은 10년 간 자동차 부품 조립공장에 근무하면서 지속적인 기립 작업에 의하여 하지 정맥류가 발생하였고 이후 하지 정맥 혈전증이 합병되어 통증과 부종을 수반하는 만성 하지 정맥 부전증으로 업무상 질병이 인정된 증례를 보고하는 바이다. 환례는 44세 여자로 1966년부터 우측 하지에 정맥류가 발생하였고 2001년 6월부터 시작된 하지 통증과 부종으로 2001년 7월 25일 정확한 진단을 위해 병원을 방문하였다. 과거력상 2001년 7월초 진단된 결핵 이외에는 혈관질환 등 기타질환을 앓거나 약물을 복용한 것이 없었고, 가족력과 사회력 조사에서도 정맥류와 관련된 특이한 점은 없었다. 환례는 현 직장에 1991년 입사하여 10년 간 동일한 조립공정 업무를 수행하였다. 작업은 계속 한 자세로 서서 일하는 형태였으며, 하루 총 작업식간은 8시간이었다. 진찰 소견상 우측 하지 후슬와부에 정맥류가 관찰되었고, 압박시 하지 통증과 부종이 관찰되었다. 입원시 실시한 우측 상행 하지정맥 조영술 검사상 호가장된 다수의 정맥이 장딴지에서 보이고 오금정맥이 하부 하지부에서는 불투명화 되지 않아 약 1개월간 병원에 입원하여 혈전증에 대한 항응고제 치료를 시행 받았다. 환례와 동일한 작업을 하는 동료근로자는 12명으로 작업 후 하지 통증은 모두 경험하였다고 하였으며, 이들 중 1례는 하지 정맥류가 관찰되었다. 프로트롬빈시간은 입원일 9.8초였다가 이후 정상으로 회복하여 퇴원시 11.5초를 보였으며, 활성 부분트롬보플라스틴시간도 입원 당시 퇴원시 33.4초로 회복되었다. 하지 통증 및 부종은 입원 중 점차 감소하였고 내원 당시 방사선 검사상 관찰되었던 하지 정맥 혈전도 소실되었다. 본 환례를 통하여 장시간 서서 일하는 근로자는 하지 정맥류에 대한 발생 가능성을 염두에 두고, 하지 통증이나 부종이 동반될 경우 혈전 여부 검사를 시행하여야 할 것이며, 그 원인추구에 있어서 반드시 직업관련성을 조사해 보아야 할 것이다. 작업장내 장시간 서서 하는 작업이 있을 경우에는 정기적인 검진을 통해 유소견자를 가려내고, 혈전증 예방을 위해 한 쪽 다리는 교대로 올려놓을 수 있는 발받침대를 설치하거나 작업 전 압력 스타킹을 신게 하는 등의 작업환경 개선에 대한 노력을 강조하여야 할 것이다. We report a case of chronic venous insufficiency with a history of 10 year standing work. The authors reviewed the clinical and hematologic features of the case. We also reviewed the job contents of her workplace. The worker was a 44-year old female who had worked in a mobile accessory factory for 10 years (1991-2001). She had been founded right leg varicous vein since 1996. The varicose veins induced severe pain and edema on June 2001. By venography, thrombus were detected and finally diagnosed as venous thrombosis on 25th July 2001. She regarded the occupational disease by longstanding work of standing position. She received anticoagulant treatment by one-month admission, and then improved the symptom and hematologic laboratory results. To prevent chronic venous insufficiency, we must modify working environments, begin comprehensive medical surveillance, educate workers on risk of lower leg venous problems, and increase workers awareness of safety regulations in the workplace.

관상동맥질환의 중증도와 혈중지질치 및 아포지단백과의 상관관계

임현주,황종현,류재근,정병천,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.1

목적 : 관상동맥질환의 위험인자로서 혈청지질 및 혈장 지단백에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고 또 아포지단백이 관상동맥 질환을 일으키는데 다른 지질보다 더 중요하다는 연구가 많이 발표되고 있으나 우리나라에서는 아포지단백에 대한 연구가 그리 많지 않은 편이다. 이에 저자등은 혈중지질치와 새로운 위험인자로 알려지고 있는 아포지단백치를 측정하고 이들과 관상동맥질환 중증도와의 상관 관계를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 관상동맥질환이 의심되어 관상동맥조영술을 실시한 69명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 12시간 이상 공복후 혈청을 채취하여 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, 아포지단백 AI (ape AI), 아포지단백 B (ape B)를 측정하였다. 관상동맥조영상 50%이상의 협착이 있는 혈관의 수 (lesion number), 최대협착을 합한 값 (lesion score), 각 분절의 최대협착을 합한 값 (total score), 가장 심한 협착 값 (peak stenosis) 등으로 관상동맥 중증도를 알아본 다음 이들과 혈청지질치, 아포지단백과의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았다. 상관 관계는 Spearman's correlation coefficient를 구하였다. 결과 : 관상동맥질환의 중증도와 각 지질치 간의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았을때 lesion number와 관계있는 것은 연령 (r=0.2789), 중성지방치 (r=0.2829)이며 lesion score와 관계있는 것은 연령(r=0.2911), 중성지방치0 (r=0.3316), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2361), apo B 치(r=0.2759), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (-0.3154)로 나타났다. Total score는 연령 (r=0.3100), 총콜레스테롤치 (r=0.2452), 중성지방치 (r=0.3022), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2770), apo B치 (r=0.2927), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3408)와 연관이 있었고 peak stenosis는 중성지방 치(r=0.3305), ape B 치 (r=0.2968), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3977)와 관계가 있었다. 연령으로 조정하여 partial correlation을 좌면, 관상동맥조영술상 중증도는 중성지방치 (r=0.3408), apo B 치(r=0.2877), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다. 이중 ape AI과 ape B의 비는 lesion score (r=-0.2640), total score (r=-0.3057), peak stenosis (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 보아 apo B치 그리고 apo AI과 apo B의 비가 관상동맥 중증도의 예견인자로 다른 혈중 지질 치보다 더 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : Recently, it was reported that the measurements of apolipoprotein levels may be valuable in the clinical assessment of coronary artery disease severity. However there are a few reports regarding to the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoprotein levels in Korea. Thus, we measured serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels and studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and serum lipids and apolipoproteins levels. Subjects and Methods : The 69 patients who underwent coronary angiography to evaluate chest pain were subjected to this study. We measured the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI(apo AI) and apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and measured the severity of coronary artery disease by lesion number, lesion score, total score and peak stenosis. Then, we studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoproteins and calculated the correlation coefficient. Results : The results were as follows. There are significant correlation(r=0.3) between age, triglycerides, apo B levels, apo AI/B ratio and coronary artery disease severity. In controlling for age, tyiglycerides, apo B levels and apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with coronary artery disease severity. Especially, apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with lesion number, total score and peak stenosis. Conclusion : These results suggest that the apo B levels and the ratio of apo AI/B can be used as significant independent predictor for coronary artery disease severity rather than other serum lipid levels.

인터넷을 활용한 초등 영어 수업의 구어 능력 향상에 관한 연구

임정완,구현정 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2009 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.1

본 논문은 초등 영어 의사소통 능력의 향상에 그 초점을 맞추어 언어의 4가지 영역 듣기, 말하기, 읽기, 쓰기 영역 중에서 의사소통능력과 가장 관련 깊은 듣기, 말하기 부분 향상연구 방안에 초점을 맞추어 보았다. 총 72명의 초등학교 학생들이 본 연구에 참여하였으며, 각각 36명씩 통제반과 실험반으로 나뉘어 약 20주간 실험 관찰되었고, 실험 결과는 SPSS 12.0 으로 분석되었다. 각 과의 내용과 이에 부합하는 인터넷 자료 등을 통해 여러 번의 실험 수업을 거친 결과 학생들의 듣기, 말하기 실력이 향상되는 것을 지켜볼 수 있었다. 듣기와 말하기 실력의 향상 정도는 듣기가 말하기보다 조금 더 유의도에서 의미가 있었다. 즉 듣기가 말하기보다 실력 향상에 있어 조금 더 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 학생들은 다른 매체들에 비해 쉽게 노출되고 또 그만큼 쉽게 즐길 수 있는 매체가 인터넷이라 보다 적극적인 자세로 수업에 임했다. 아직 저학년인 학생들이므로 지금의 영어에 대한 흥미도가 평생의 영어 실력을 결정 할 수 있는 만큼 이 시기의 흥미도는 절대적으로 중요하다는 것을 고려 해볼 때, 학생들이 흥미를 느끼며 동시에 실력까지 향상되어간다는 사실은 주목해 볼 필요가 있다. It is widely known that the Internet-based English teaching can be useful for students since it is not only a way of providing joy for them, but also a means of consolidating and extending their knowledge of the language. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Internet-based English Teaching for Korean elementary schools students. For this purpose, a review of related literature was carried out to analyze various teaching methods using the Internet. Then the analysis of the elementary school students and curriculum that was performed in English classes was carried out. A total of 72 elementary school students participated in this study and they were divided into one comparison group and one treatment group, consisting of 36 students each. They were observed over 20 weeks and surveyed on their interests about learning English after the treatment was over. Before and after the treatment, students' spoken English ability in each group was also measured and analyzed by the use of SPSS 12.0. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the treatment group showed higher spoken English ability than the control group, especially in terms of listening ability. By being exposed to the Internet-based class activities, the treatment group had more opportunities to listen to and speak in English than the control group. Second, the students' interests about learning English significantly increased after being taught by the Internet-based class activities. In conclusion, it is recommended to design and apply the Internet-based English class that plays a positive role to improve oral English ability for Korean elementary school students.

리스페리돈과 올란자핀이 투여된 정신과 환자들에서 간 효소 변화에 대한 후?적 연구

임현국,배치운,박석준,김정진,이창욱,이수정,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.3

인공타액에서 염소이온과 황이온 농도가 치과용 귀금속계 합금의 변색 및 부식저항에 주는 영향 : 1. 시판 치과용 귀금속계 합금 1. DENTAL COMMERCIAL NOBLE METAL BASED ALLOYS

임범순,문현정,김철위 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The object of this study was to study effect of Cl- and S²- ions on tarnish and corrosion resistance of dental noble metal alloys in the artificial saliva. Twenty-four commercial dental noble metal based alloys(five for high-Au based alloys, seven for low-Au based alloys, four for Pd-based alloys, and eight for Ag-Pd based alloys) were investigated by the Potentiostat and the Spectrophotometer. Modified Fusayama's artificial salivas with various concentrations of Cl- ion(1.22, 12.22, 24.44, and 61.10 mM/ℓ) and S²- ions(0.01, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35, 0.50, 1.00, 5.00, 10.0, and 20.0 mM/ℓ) were used as electrolytes for test. From the experiments, the following results were obtained. Concentration of Cl- ion in artificial saliva did not in fluence the potentiodynamic polarization curves for dental noble metal alloys. On the other hand, concentration of S²- ion in artificial saliva strongly influenced the potentiodynamic polarization curves for dental noble metal alloys ; corrosion potentials were decreased up to 500 mV and current densities were increased by 100 times. In color change measurements after potentiodynamic polarization curve test, the values of ΔE for high-Ae and Pd-based alloys were increased as the concentration of S²- increased up to 1.00 mM and then were reached a plateau at higher concentration of S²-. For low-Au and Ag-Pd based alloys, the values of ΔE were drastically decreased as the concentration of S²- increased up to 1.00 mM and then were reached a plateau at higher concentration of S²-. By determining the color of an alloy before and after exposure to a test solution, the color changes were ranged of 4∼6 for high-Au and Pd-based alloys and 20∼35 for low-Au and Ag-Pd based alloys.

모 대학병원 입원환자의 직업력 기록에 관한 조사

임현술,김지용,정철 동국대학교 경주대학 1998 東國論集 Vol.17 No.2

From January 9, to January 27, 1996, we surveyed medical records for the occupational history of 352 admitted patients in university hospital located in Pohang city. Also, we interviewed the study subjects about their occupational histories to search for occupational related cases. The results obtained are as follows. The number of males were 205 cases and the number of females were 147 cases. The age and sex distributions of study subjects were not significant (p>0.05). Internal medicine (50.3%), orthopaedics (19.6%), general surgery (8.8%), neurosurgery (5.7%) and obstetrics & gynecology (3.7%) were the major admitted departments of the study subjects. The records of occupational history by doctors were only 9 cases (2.6%) but by nurses were 197 cases (56.0%). And then, there were no detailed descriptions for occupations by doctors and nurses. We would suspect that 18 cases (5.1%) were related to the occupations, of which 13 cases (3.7%) were in occupational injuries and 5 cases (1.4%) were in occupational diseases. It should be emphasized in medical education that the occupational and environmental histories were thoroughly investigated to make a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment and that the standard forms for occupational history taking should be developed.

土地公槪念과 私有財産制와의 法的 葛藤에 관한 硏究

林正平,石琮顯 단국대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

가축의 장내용물에서 Listeria 속균의 분포도 조사

정병열,임현숙,김봉환 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.1

We surveyed the prevalence of Listeria spp. in cecal contents of pig and chicken collected from abattoirs. only 4 L. lnnocua isolates were detected in a total of 100 pig samples. From the 100 chicken samples, 47 were confirmed positive for Listeria spp. Twenty eight of these 47 positive samples contained only L. lnnocua; 15 contained both L. monocytogenes and L. lnnocua; 4 contained only L. mnocytogenes. No other Listeria spp. were detected in this study. Listeria spp. were detected in 471115 (40.9%) blackened Fraser broth samples and in 4/85 (4.7%) samples in which Fraser broth did not blacken. Fourteen (73.7%) L. monocytogenes isolates were recovered after 48 h, not 24 h, Fraser broth secondary enrichment.