서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

일과성전기억상실증의 국소 뇌혈류 변화 : Statistical Parametric Mapping을 이용한 Tc-99m ECD SPECT분석 Statistical Parametric Mapping analysis of Tc-99m ECD SPECT

이승재,양동원,손영민,김범생,정용안,손형선,주라형 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.1

Background & Objectives:Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden memory loss of recent events, transient inability to retain new information, and retrograde amnesia in the absence of other neurological signs and symptoms, resolving within 24 hours. This study investigated alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with TGA by using statistical parametric mapping 99 (SPM99). Methods:5 patients with TGA and 9 age-matched normal control subjects were evaluated. Tc-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT were performed within 1 to 4 days of the event to measure the regional CBF, and SPM99 were applied to the objective analysis of SPECT data between two groups. Follow-up ECD SPECT was done at 49 to 107 days (mean 76.8) after the previous SPECT to evaluate the long term changes of the regional CBF. Results:The SPM analysis of SPECT images revealed significantly decreased rCBF in the left superior temporal gyrus, the left parietal supramarginal gyrus and the left thalamus (corrected p=0.01) and increased CBF in the contralateral mirror regions in patients with TGA. Follow-up SPECT showed persistent rCBF changes in the same regions. Conclusions:We demonstrate decreased perfusion in the left cerebral hemisphere and increased perfusion in the right cerebral hemisphere in patients with TGA. This reciprocal change of rCBF might suggest that imbalanced neuronal activity between two hemispheres may be important in the pathogenesis of the TGA. Also, the abnormal rCBF changes appeared to last long after the complete recovery of clinical manifestation of TGA.

의약정보담당자(MR)의 기능 및 역할에 관한 연구

이동일,제해관,윤석준,안형식,문영배 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Background : Aim of this study is focused on the analysis of the needed abilities of medical representatives resulting in building up the market and increasing sales. It is to propose methods to increase this ability ensuring continuous growth in market share and profit. Methods : A survey was conducted between January 6 and May 31, 2003. Using SPSS(Version 10.0), the collected data was analyzed by Hotelling T2, factor analysis. Some hypotheses were selected to include the conclusion. Some questionnaires for physicians working in hospitals or clinics and the medical representatives working in a pharmaceutical company were created and asked to them to either prove or reject those hypotheses. The results were analyzed to find the primary factors that effect the interactions between physician and the medical representatives. These factors were also studied along with the theoretical research based on published references. Results : The results were as follows. The main reasons for the physician to meet with a medical representatives were collection of product informations needed for patient treatment and collection of informations on current medical issue and as well as personal interests. The main parameters by which physicians evaluate the medical representatives are human relationship including sincerity and manners and supply of accurate and unbiased information on products. Overall, the medical representatives’ perception on the importance of medical knowledge and ability to deliver it are lower than that expected by physicians. Conclusion : Medical and pharmaceutical companies’ environment are changed rapidly. And those changes forced medical representatives to set new roles and competency. In order to drive away from the past ‘rule of thumb’ and ‘adaptation to circumstance’, optimal method and systemic development to train and support the medical representatives should be quipped. They will help ,medical representatives to be specialists in medical knowledge and to understand the exact need of health care professions. Product competitiveness will be increased and eventually successful business can be achieved through it.

황복(Takifugu obscurus)에 대한 중금속, 유기주석화합물 및 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs)의 급성 독성

이정석,이규태,김동훈,김진형,한경남 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2

We exposed juvenile puffer fish, Takifugu obscurus(30 days after hatching) to various aqueous pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals(Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), 2 organotin compounds(tributyltin [TBT] and triphenyltin [TPhT]) and 5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) compounds(chrysene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate median lethal concentrations(LC50s) of each pollutant after the 96-hour acute exposure. Among the inorganic metals, Hg(52㎍/L; 96-h LC50) was most toxic to test animals and followed by Ag(164㎍/L), Cu(440㎍/L) and Cd(1180㎍/L). Aqueous TBT was more toxic between the two organotins; the 96-h LC50 for TBT(5.1㎍/L) was 3 times lower than that of TPhT(17.3㎍/L). The acute toxicity of PAH compounds was highest for chrysene(1.5㎍/L; 96-h LC50) and decreased in the order of pyrene(65㎍/L)>fluoranthene (158㎍/L)>phenanthrene(432㎍/L)>naphthalene(8690㎍/L). The toxicity of PAH compounds was closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as K_(ow) and water solubility, and well explained by simple QSAR relationship. The sensitivity of puffer fish to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to various fish species widely used as standard test species in previous studies and further evaluation should be conducted to develop adequate testing procedures for T. obscurus when used in various toxicity tests.

연소유동해석 프로그램의 개발

申東信,李炯來 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1996 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

We developed a simulation program using boundary fitted coordinates to simulate flow fields combustion. The program is based on finite volume method and uses collocated grid system. The primitive cartesian velocities are dependent variables. We used upwind scheme for convection terms and SIMPLE for pressure. For turbulence models, we considered standard k-εmodel. We used CGM to solve the linear system of equations for pressure and SIP for other nonlinear systems. The combustion model was the first order irreversible chemical reaction. Lewis number was assumed as 1. The probability density function for conserved scalar are assumed as clipped gaussian distribution. We simulated turbulent diffusion flame after the bluff-body and compared with experimental data. The result showed that the flow field has two recirculation region. The comparison showed good agreement between the simulation data and experimental data.

2002년 부산아시아게임과 부산체육의 백년대계

하형주,이동갑 東亞大學校 附設 스포츠科學硏究所 1995 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.13 No.-

To construct main-stadium and physical education-related facilities at kang-seo area is considered essential result when we ultimately watch the problem which land of scale, proportion development of city, geographic or financial condition, safety and security, and guarantee of cultural place to give next generation. We sure that Pusan Asian Games for the unity, cooperation, peace promotion of 3 billion Asian successfully will be held. and 2002 Asian Games, simply, is not at once physical education event but occupy the basic facility of city and excellent strategic dimension which prepare decisive opportunity of 21st century Pusan prosperity also, We must not to neglect comprehensive public opinion. 2002 Asian Games for the successful hold, epoch-making opportunity of Pusan Properity, cultural level promotion of Pusan citizen, will be construct main stadium, dormitory for the athletes, press center, broadcasting center, and so forth and Pusan Asian Games will be achieve globalization.

전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예

노동현,김도형,김나래,박종선,이창헌,김미경,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

전격성 제1형 당뇨병은 특발성 당뇨병환자에서 임상 경과가 짧고 진단 당시 심각한 대사 합병증을 동반하면서 췌장 효소 수치가 높고 췌도 특이 자가항체가 음성인 새로운 아형으로 알려져 있으며, 일본과 일본 외에서의 유병률에는 차이가 있는 것으로 보인다. 아직 전격성 제1형 당뇨병의 발생 기전은 명확하지 않으며 유전적 감수성이 있는 개체에서 바이러스 감염 등의 환경적인 인자와의 연관성이 가능한 병태생리로 제시되고 있으며 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다. 저자들은 케톤산증으로 내원하여 전격성 제1형 당뇨병을 진단받은 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고 하는 바이다. Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations. This is referred to as fulminant type 1 diabetes. A 29-year-old man suffering from abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting consulted to our hospital. Laboratory findings revealed high blood glucose level and the evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum HbA1c was normal nevertheless. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The patient satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. After the patient has been treated with insulin, his symptoms were improved and abnormal laboratory data were normalized. We report this case with a review of the literature

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Optimal blood pressure target in the elderly: rationale and design of the HOW to Optimize eLDerly systolic Blood Pressure (HOWOLD-BP) trial

Dong-Hwa Lee,Ju-Hee Lee,So Young Kim,Hae-Young Lee,Jung-Yeon Choi,Youjin Hong,Sue K. Park,Dong Ryeol Ryu,Dong Heon Yang,Seok-Jae Hwang,Jung Hyun Choi,Kye Hun Kim,Sun Hwa Lee,Seung Jae Joo,Jae-Hyeong P 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.5

Background/Aims: The optimal systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal for elderly patients with hypertension, especially to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and improve outcome, is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of intensive treatment for hypertension on the incidence of CVD in elderly Korean patients. Methods: The HOW to Optimize eLDerly systolic Blood Pressure (HOWOLD-BP) trial is a multicenter, parallel-design, open-label, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether intensive treatment (SBP ≤ 130 mmHg) will provide more benefits in lowering the incidence and mortality associated with CVD than standard treatment (SBP ≤ 140 mmHg) in elderly patients with hypertension aged ≥ 65 years. For this study, eleven university hospitals in Korea will enroll approximately 3,176 elderly patients with hypertension between 2019 and 2022. Patients will be requested to visit the clinic every 4 months for the first year and every 6 months thereafter for 36 months. Parameters, including clinic and home blood pressure, anthropometric and laboratory findings, and frailty assessments, will be collected according to the standardized protocol. The primary outcome is a composite of CVD (acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and heart failure) incidence and cardiovascular deaths. Results: As of December 2021, 1,655 participants had been enrolled in the study, including 831 patients in the standard group and 824 patients in the intensive group. Conclusions: The HOWOLD-BP trial is the first study performed in Korea to evaluate the beneficial effects of intensive blood pressure treatment on CVD in elderly patients with hypertension. The results of this study will help clarify the appropriate target SBP for this population.

RPR 기반 망에서 향상된 대역폭 할당을 위한 새로운 공평 메커니즘

이동헌(Dong-Hun Lee),이재훈(Jae-Hwoon Lee),이형섭(Hyeong-Sup Lee),이형호(Hyeong-Ho Lee) 한국통신학회 2004 한국통신학회 학술대회 및 강연회 Vol.2004 No.4