정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

甘草의 有效性分 含量에 關한 硏究

韓宗鉉,白承和,康成溶,宋昊埈 한국전통의학연구소 1997 한국전통의학지 Vol.7 No.2

시중에 유통되고 있는 4종류의 감초(특감초,원감초,일호감초,이호감초)에 대하여 유효약리성분 glycyrrhizin, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid 및 glycyrrhizic ammonium salt의 함량을 대한약전의 규격기준에 준하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 감초의 수분함량은 7.00-10.16%범위 였다. 2. 감초의 회분 및 산불용성 회분 함량은 3.03-4.09%, 0.02-0.11 % 범위 였다. 3. 감초 품질의 지표성분인 glycyrrhizin,18α-glycyrrhetinic acid 및 glycyrrhizic ammonium sait 을 TLC로 각각 Rt값 0.399,0.932,0.394 위치에서 암자색의 반점을 확인할 수 있었는데 특 감초,원 감초,1호 감초,2호 감초 모두 같은 위치에서 뚜렷한 암자색 반점을 확인할 수 있었고,확인되지 않은 3종 화합 물의 Rt 값은 0.28,0.66,0.78 였다. 4. 감초품질의 지표성분인 glycyrrhizin,18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid 및 glycyrrhizic ammonium salt을 HPLC로 정량한 결과 glycyrrhizin은 4종류 감초에서 분석되어 2.93-4.48g% 범위였고, 18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid는 특감초 및 일호감초에서만 13.64,3.52 g% 함유되었다. 그러나 glycyrrhizic ammonium salt 분석되지 않았다. 5. 문헌상에 기록된 감초의 종류는 16종이었고 이들에서 분리된 화학물질은 약 170여 가지였다. This study was carried out to investigate the content of glycyrrhizin, 18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizic ammonium salt, moisture, ash, residue ash in four kinds(teuk-gamcho, won-gamcho, IIho-gamcho, Eho-gamcho) in Glycyrrhizae Radix(Glycyrrhiza sp.) used in Korea. The result were as follows ; The moisture content in four kinds of gamcho was ranged from 7.00-10.16%. The ash and ash of acid residue in all gamcho types ranged from 3.03-4.09% and from 0.02-0.11 %, respectivly. The glycyrrhizin, 18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizic ammonium salt in Teuk-gamcho, Won-gamcho, IIhogamcho, Eho-gamcho verified from line of dark purplue color by TLC and Rf value of glycyrrhizin, 18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizic ammonium salt were 0.399, 0.932, O. 394, respectivly, and the Rf value unknown compoud were 0.28, 0.66, 0.78. The glycyrrhizin, 18 α-glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizic ammonium salt content of all gamcho by HPLC were ranged from 2.93-4.48g%, 3.52-13.64g%, and trace, respectively. The 16 kinds of Glycyrrhiza (Licorice) were dassified, and that the identification about 170 chemicals were phamacology action substrate by reported references.

高等學校 體育科 學習經驗ㆍ內容에 關한 調査硏究 : 江原ㆍ서울地區를 中心으로 Focussing on the Seoul and Gangweon Areas

韓相俊 江原大學校附設體力硏究所 1976 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.1

To inform the practices of the physical education and its contents in the high-school, between March 1 and March 30, 1976, 184 male collegians(Gang-weon 100 and Seoul 84) were investigated by 154 questionnaires concerning gymnastics, track & fields, ball-games and seasonal sports. The results are as follows : 1. In track & field, mainly the sprinting and broad-jumping are emphasized. 2. In gymnastics, the hard exercises are in the poor state and primarily the simple exercises are disciplined. 3. In seasonal sports, the most events are ignored. 4. In ball-games, only for the interesting sports, the step by step guidances for the basic technics are excluded. And especially rugby-football and hand-ball games are neglected. 5. The events requiring equipments, establishments and hard skills are not trained. 6. Whereas the year-round-schemed-programs for the grade are not practiced.

中·高等學校 體育敎育寶態에 關한 調讀硏究 : 江原道를 中心으로

韓相俊 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1977 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.2

The objectives of this thesis are to investigate the present status of physical education in secondary schools in Gangweon province and to suggest a reform measure of the physical education through scientific data. For this purpose, 113 random samples are chosen from the teachers of physical education and 30 other teachers who are not engaged in physical education in the province with several references and statistics of this field of study. The results deducted out of this study are as follows, A. Present Status of Facilities and Teachers 1. The area of atheletic field is for below the average in comparence with two special cities and nine provinces. 47 schools in this province are below the facility standard which marks 20.61%. 2. The number of the schools that have an auditorium or gymnasiunm is only nineteen which is only 8.3% and marks lowest among nine provinces. 3. Total number of the physical instruments is 26628 items in 8719 kinds which would be 116.78 i4ems in 38.24 kinds per school, and this also is the lowest number among nine provinces. 4. Forty two schools have no gym teacher which marks 16.8% of schools and there are only 26 qualified gym teachers in Gangweon province which is only 10.4% While there are eleven unqualified gym teachers which is 4.4% . Such situtation enforces a teacher to take 35.63 hours per week which is almost imposs-ible without the supplememt of gym teachers. B. Present Status of Curricula Administration 1. Develompment of emotion and will(social adaptation and emotional adaptation) is trained with special concern but teachers are unable to fulfill the annual plan and in many sch-ools the training is unplanned of arbitrary. 2. Time allotted for each item is heaviest on track & fiold and lesser on ball games and least on gymnastic exercises. Dancing, taekweondo, ssirum, judo and seasonal sports are scarcely in existence. 3. Evaluation of study includes understanding, attitude, ability and habit. Teachers who think the task of evaluation easy marked 54.9%. and who think it difficult marked 45.1% . The reason for thinking it easy is that cumulate the records of evaluation, and the reason for thinking it difficult is because it really is a difficult task to evaluate students' physical abilities professionally. 4. Lack of facilities, equipments and teaching aids causes difficulties in teaching and over-load in training for good players alsocause many difficultles in normal physical education. 5. 47.7% of teachers perform circuit training, and seasonal sports are limited only to the safty education. Special instruction for disabled persons and invalids is performed individua14y by giving special assignment and they are evaluated only by the book study on gymnastics C. Present status of Participation in Various Gymnastic Events 1. 45. 1% of teachers affirmed on the participation in the various events and compititions on the view point that it contributes to the development of society Physical education, but 54.9% of them rejected on the view point that, the Participation of many events and competitions cause detriments to the students in performing their normal school education. 2. Most of schools participate in the contest of the following games such as track & field tennis, shooting and soccer and the frequency of participation is high but very few sch-ools partipate in the contest of kendo, weight lifting, skating and volleyball games and the frequency is very low too. D. Problems Pointed by Non-gym Teachers Criticisms suggested by non-gym teachers are as follows; 1. Lick and superannuation of facilities and instruments cause the difficulties in normal physical education in school. 2. Confusion of physical education to a tast of upbringing good players hinders the recog- nition of the importance of physical education. 3. Betterment of teaching ability of gym teachers is required. 4. Too much time is spent for the exercise for the examination of physical strengh to mai-ntain normal school physical education. 5. School adminstrators extend no considerationson the understanding of and co-operation for the physical education in school.

점화시기가 LPG 엔진의 배기특성에 미치는 영향

한덕수,장영민,전봉준,김성준 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

As an automobile fuel, LPG has many environmental advantages compared to gasoline or diesel. However, current LPG engine which is provided with LPG fuel as gas form has lower power and worse fuel efficiency than gasoline engine. These problems of low power and bad fuel efficiency come from lower volumetric efficiency. Also there is a new rising problem of high failure ratio in an engine emission test. Although there are many factors which affect engine performance of exhaust gas emission, one believes that the fact that ECM of gasoline engine is used for LPG engine when retrofitting gasoline engine to LPG engine is one of the main problems, which lower engine power and emit more noxious gas due to wrong ignition timing. To solve these problems, one studied the effects ignition timing on the exhaust gas to find out the optimum condition of ignition timing. The experimental results show that noxious exhaust gas is reduced and engine power is increased if the optimum control of ignition timing is applied in accordance to the revolution speed of engine.

인터넷을 이용한 유도홍보 활성화 방안

한이석,김도준,정상윤 용인대학교 무도연구소 2000 武道硏究所誌 Vol.11 No.1

This study analyzed current issues by theoretical investigation on and by the research of current situation and actual condition on all the matters for public relation of Judo. I suggested the importance of internet, a method for future public relation, researched methods for its utilization and system for making up contents and approached internet to the public relation of judo. The strategies for the public relation of judo are as below. First, it should consist of better rich contents ill order for people to know the records of judo match current conditions on its players, public relation of the matches, etc.. Also, the chiefs of private judo halls should have interests in the public relation through internet and make assurance doubly sure of public relation of private judo halls since it is thought that all the people can easily approach it no matter what their majors are considering that today the number of people using internet are increasing in geometric progression and internet maintains lots of consumers regardless of social classes owing to rapidly spreading internet pervasion, technology development of various multi media and commercialization of information. Second, internet can quickly and exactly transmit accurate information needed for the target group with cheap price and with no limits of time and space though almost all methods such as telephone line, cable television, earth satellite, wireless communication information expressway, etc. and thus can obtain feedback for the simple and convenient addition of new technology or revised regulations to the existing data.

생물학적 질산화의 영향 인자에 따른 알칼리도 변화

한동준,강성환 도립 강원전문대학 1998 道立 江原專門大學 論文集 Vol.1 No.1

Although many factors such as ammonia nitrogen concentration, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were revealed to influence on the biological nitrification, so far the influence is not wellknown in detail. This study was focused to find how each factors effect on the biological nitrification and alkalinity consumption in wastewater treatment under high ammonia nitrogen concentration. Batch reactors in aerobic conditions were used to test the treatment efficiency of mixed liquor, nightsoil and piggery wastewater. The results of this experiment, the alkalinity consumption rates were showed the range of 1.9∼7.1 mg alk./mg NH_(4)-N.

당뇨병환자에서 뇨증 Fibronectin농도의 증가에 관한 연구

한승범,조준승,손건영,서성문,박근용,조성래,박규영,박정모,이인규,여준기 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1994 계명의대학술지 Vol.13 No.4

Plasma fibronectin is an α₂-glyoprotein, which is produced by vascular endothelial cells. Raised level of plasma fibronectin has been observed in diabetic patients particularly in the presence of microvascular complications. However, no available data exist about urine level of this glycoprotein in diabetic patients. We measured urine fibronectin level by ELISA methods in 54 diabetic patients who have microvascular comlications or not. The following results were obtained. 1) Urine fibronectin level(㎍/g creatinine) in diabetic group(1740.0±678.0) is increased compaired with those in normal control group(471.0±59.0). but this results were not significantly different among two groups(P>0.05). 2) Urine fibronectin level(㎍/g creatinine) was significantly increased in patients with nephropathy (6188.0±3144.0) compared with those in normal control group(471.0±59.0) and patients without nephropathy(645.0±251.0)(P<0.001). 3) There were a significant correlation between BUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance, 24hr urine total protein and urine fibronectin level in diabetic patients. Our data suggest that urine fibronectin excretion level might be used as a sensitive guide for diabectic nephropathy.

생물막 공정에 의한 고농도 암모니아 폐수처리시 질소 거동 및 질산화 저해

한동준,임재명,강성환 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.-

This study was performed to investigate the nitrogen behavior in piggery wastewater treatment, and the inhibitory condition in nitrification was also examined. The ammonia nitrogen was removed via stripping, nitrification, autotrophic cell synthesis, and heterotrophic cell synthesis. The removal percents by each step were 12.1%, 68.9%, 15.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. Nitrite and nitrate production rates were found 0.42mg/g MLVSS/hr and 0.05mg/g MLVSS/hs, respectively. Maximum removal rate of the total ammonia nitrogen occurred at temperature over 22℃, regardless of the volumetric loading rates. Nitrification inhibition of piggery wastewater was found to occur at an influent volumetric loading rate over 0.2NH₃-N kg/㎥/d.

Sport 槪念 追求를 위한 硏究(Ⅱ)

韓相俊,夫基源 江原大學校附設體力硏究所 1979 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.4

The idea on sport differs according to the group to which the amn belongs. The survey I did shows that there is a certain relationship between the idea on sport and the abundance of sport experience. Those who had acquired relatively superior techniques in sport put more stress on the betterment of their technique as well as on the elevation of their personality, while those who lack in the higher techniques are usually strongly influenced by the sport education of the school and the opinion of the mass-communication and they are the ones who are rarely influenced by the self-experience, or by their family, or by the sport directors. To sum up the idea on sport that is comprehensive and desirable is to set up a theoretical basis that can cover the consistant growth of the subjective consciousness, and to set up the basis on which the idea on sport can be fabricated by the sport directors.